Geoclimatic drivers of diversification in the largest arid and semi-arid environment of the Neotropics: Perspectives from phylogeography.

The South American Dry Diagonal, also called the Diagonal of Open Formations, is a large region of seasonally dry vegetation extending from northeastern Brazil to northern Argentina, comprising the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco subregions. A growing body of phylogeography literature has determined that a complex history of climatic changes coupled with more ancient geological events has produced a diverse and endemic-rich Dry Diagonal biota. However, the exact drivers are still under investigation, and their relative strengths and effects are controversial. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations structured lineages via vegetation shifts, refugium formation, and corridors between the Amazon and Atlantic forests. In some taxa, older geological events, such as the reconfiguration of the São Francisco River, uplift of the Central Brazilian Plateau, or the Miocene inundation of the Chaco by marine incursions, were more important. Here, we review the Dry Diagonal phylogeography literature, discussing each hypothesized driver of diversification and assessing degree of support. Few studies statistically test these hypotheses, with most support drawn from associating encountered phylogeographic patterns such as population structure with the timing of ancient geoclimatic events. Across statistical studies, most hypotheses are well supported, with the exception of the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis. However, taxonomic and regional biases persist, such as a proportional overabundance of herpetofauna studies, and the under-representation of Chaco studies. Overall, both Pleistocene climate change and Neogene geological events shaped the evolution of the Dry Diagonal biota, though the precise effects are regionally and taxonomically varied. We encourage further use of model-based analyses to test evolutionary scenarios, as well as interdisciplinary collaborations to progress the field beyond its current focus on the traditional set of geoclimatic hypotheses.

Microsurgical Resection for Cavernous Malformation of the Uncus: 3D-Operative Video.

Cavernous malformations (CMs) are rare and often oligosymptomatic vascular lesions. The main symptoms include seizure and focal neurologic deficits.1-3 Depending on the symptomatology, location, size, and risk factors for bleeding, like the presence of a developmental venous anomaly, CMs can be highly morbid. Thus surgical resection may be considered. Deep-seated and eloquent CMs, like those in the uncus, can be challenging.4,5 In Video 1, we present a 23-year-old male adult who developed focal seizures (i.e., oral automatisms) after an episode of sudden intense headache 1 year ago. His neurologic examination was unremarkable. The patient consented to the procedure and publication of his image. Nevertheless, his magnetic resonance images showed an uncal 2-cm Zabramski type I CM. We exposed the insula and its limen through a right pterional craniotomy and transsylvian corridor. During the video, we discuss the surgical nuances to access and resect this CM lesion en bloc while preserving important vascular structures and white matter tracts. Postoperative neuroimaging demonstrated total resection. In postoperative day 1, the patient had 1 episode of generalized seizure and evolved with contralateral hemiparesis. The patient had a good recovery and was discharged on postoperative day 21. At the 6-month follow-up, the patient had no new epileptic events and presented complete weakness improvement. Through this minimally invasive and well-known surgical corridor, we preserve the mesial and lateral portion of the temporal lobe, reducing the risk of lesions to the Meyer loop and limbic association area.

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga VIII: An updated checklist for the Serra das Confusões region with new data from Serra Vermelha, Piauí, Brazil / Herpetofauna das áreas protegidas da Caatinga VIII: Um inventário atualizado para a região da Serra das Confusões com novos dados da Serra Vermelha, Piauí, Brazil

Abstract It is repeatedly stressed the need to characterize the extant biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. However, inventory studies are still progressing slowly in dry ecosystems, leading to the underestimation of their true biodiversity and hindering conservation efforts. In this study, we present primary and secondary data, along with an updated list of amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the São Francisco-Gurguéia region in Piauí. Additionally, we compare the species composition between nine areas within the Caatinga, which were sampled using standardized methods over the past ten years, to examine broader spatial patterns of community composition. To survey reptiles and amphibians, we employed similar methods and sampling efforts in two areas within the Serra das Confusões National Park (SCNP) region. Our surveys recorded a total of 73 species of amphibians and reptiles, of which 24 are new distribution records for the SCNP region. Consequently, our findings increase the known herpetofauna in the region to 94 species. Despite their proximity, the two sites in the SCNP region exhibited only 42% similarity in species composition, and they differed significantly from other areas within the Caatinga. Furthermore, even the closer Caatinga areas presented differences in species composition, highlighting the necessity to evaluate biodiversity across the landscape and contribute to understanding biogeographic patterns.

Resumo É repetidamente enfatizada a necessidade de caracterizar a biodiversidade vivente em ecossistemas tropicais. No entanto, os estudos de inventário ainda estão progredindo lentamente em ecossistemas secos, levando à subestimação de sua verdadeira biodiversidade e dificultando os esforços de conservação. Neste estudo, apresentamos dados primários e secundários, juntamente com uma lista atualizada de anfíbios e répteis de duas localidades na região de São Francisco-Gurguéia, do Piauí. Além disso, comparamos a composição de espécies entre nove áreas dentro da Caatinga, que foram amostradas usando métodos padronizados nos últimos dez anos, para examinar padrões espaciais mais amplos de composição da comunidade. Para estudar répteis e anfíbios, utilizamos métodos e esforços de amostragem semelhantes em duas áreas na região do Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSC). Nossos levantamentos registraram um total de 73 espécies de anfíbios e répteis, das quais 24 são novos registros de distribuição para a região do PNSC. Consequentemente, nossos resultados aumentam a herpetofauna conhecida na região para 94 espécies. Apesar da proximidade, os dois locais na região do PNSC exibiram apenas 42% de similaridade na composição de espécies e diferiram significativamente de outras áreas dentro da Caatinga. Mesmo áreas mais próximas da Caatinga apresentaram diferenças na composição de espécies, destacando a necessidade de avaliar a biodiversidade em toda a paisagem e contribuir para a compreensão de padrões biogeográficos.

Larvas de helmintos no solo de praças públicas de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil / Helminth larvae in the soil of public squares in Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil / Larvas de helmintos en el suelo de plazas públicas en Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil

Solos de praças públicas são comumente contaminados por helmintos devido ao fácil acesso de cães e gatos infectados. Esses animais ao defecarem podem liberar ovos desses parasitos e, em condições ambientais favoráveis, tornam-se ovos embrionados ou larvas infectantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de larvas de helmintos no solo de duas praças públicas do município de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil, durante a estação chuvosa e seca na região. A pesquisa foi realizada em março de 2018, considerado período chuvoso, e em outubro do mesmo ano, período seco, sendo que foram coletadas trinta amostras de areia, quinze de cada praça, nos dois períodos do ano. O material foi coletado e levado para o Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí para análise. Na estação chuvosa, das quinze amostras analisadas na praça A, cinco foram positivas para larvas de ancilostomídeos e das quinze na praça B, três estavam contaminadas com os mesmos helmintos. No período seco, na praça A havia apenas uma amostra com essas larvas e na praça B não foram encontrados parasitos. Os resultados revelaram a presença de larvas de helmintos de caráter zoonótico no solo de praças públicas de Caxias, Maranhão, principalmente no período chuvoso, servindo de alerta à população local.(AU)

Soil in public squares is commonly contaminated by helminths due to the easy access of infected dogs and cats. These animals, when defecating, can release helminth eggs and, under favorable environmental conditions, those eggs can become embryonated or infective larvae. The purpose of this work was to investigate the existence of helminth larvae in the soil of two public squares in the city of Caxias, in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, during the rainy and dry seasons in the region. The study was carried out in March 2018, which is considered the rainy season, and in October of the same year, the dry season. A total of thirty sand samples were collected, fifteen from each square, in both periods of the year. The material was collected and taken to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Department of Parasitology and Microbiology of the Federal University of Piauí for analysis. In the rainy season, from the fifteen samples analyzed in square A, five were positive for hookworm larvae; and from the fifteen samples collected from square B, three were contaminated with the same helminths. During the dry period, only one sample from square A presented these larvae while no parasites were found in square B. The results revealed the presence of zoonotic helminth larvae in the soil of public squares in Caxias, Maranhão, mainly in the rainy season, which can be used as a warning sign to the local population.(AU)

Los suelos de las plazas públicas son comúnmente contaminados por helmintos debido al fácil acceso de perros y gatos infectados. Esos animales, al defecar, pueden liberar huevos de esos parásitos y, en condiciones ambientales favorables, convertirse en huevos embrionados o larvas infectantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la existencia de larvas de helmintos en el suelo de dos plazas públicas de la ciudad de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil, durante la estación lluviosa y seca de la región. La investigación se realizó en marzo de 2018, considerada época de lluvias, y en octubre del mismo año, época seca, y se recolectaron treinta muestras de arena, quince de cada plaza, en ambos períodos del año. El material fue recolectado y llevado al Laboratorio de Parasitología del Departamento de Parasitología y Microbiología de la Universidad Federal de Piauí para su análisis. En época de lluvias, de las quince muestras analizadas en la plaza A, cinco resultaron positivas a larvas de anquilostomiasis y de las quince de la plaza B, tres estaban contaminadas con los mismos helmintos. En el período poco lluvioso, en la plaza A solo hubo una muestra con esas larvas y en la plaza B no se encontraron parásitos. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de larvas de helmintos zoonóticos en el suelo de las plazas públicas de Caxias, Maranhão, principalmente en la época de lluvias, sirviendo de alerta a la población local.(AU)

Leptodactylus vastos (LEPTODACTYLIDAE) PREDATION ON AN ENDEMIC FROG, AND A COMPILATION OF ITS DIET / Depredación de Leptodactylus vastus (Leptodactylidae) en una rana endémica y una recopilación de su dieta

RESUMEN La composición de la dieta constituye información básica sobre la historia natural de la especie. A pesar de la cantidad de datos adquiridos en los últimos años, aún queda mucho por conocer, especialmente para especies geográficamente extendidas. Aquí compilamos los elementos dietéticos disponibles de Leptodactylus vastus y reportamos el primer evento de depredación de Rupirana cardosoi por un juvenil de L. vastus. El hecho de que estas especies sean sintópicas en la región probablemente resultó en este nuevo evento de depredación. A diferencia de las observaciones previas de depredación de L. vastus, los especímenes que observamos no presentan una diferencia notable en el tamaño corporal, pero L. vastus fue capaz de casi tragar R. cardosoi, en coherencia con los hallazgos de que el tamaño de la boca está relacionado con la selección de presas en los anuros. Además, nuestra revisión de la literatura mostró que L. vastus es un depredador generalista y oportunista, que se alimenta de pequeños vertebrados (Amphibia, Squamata y Mammalia).

ABSTRACT Diet composition constitutes basic information on the natural history of the species. Despite the amount of data acquired in the last years, much remains to be known specially for geographically widespread species. Here we compiled the available dietary items of Leptodactylus vastus and report the first predation event upon Rupirana cardosoi by a juvenile L. vastus. The fact these species are syntopic in the region probably resulted in this novel predation event. Different from previous L. vastus predation observations, the specimens we observed do not present a striking difference in body size, but L. vastus was able to almost swallow L. cardosoi, coherent with findings that mouth size is related to prey selection in anurans. Also, our literature review showed that L. vastus is a generalist and opportunistic predator, that prey upon small vertebrates (Amphibia, Squamata, and Mammalia).

Ecological divergence and synchronous Pleistocene diversification in the widespread South American butter frog complex.

Phylogeographic studies primarily focus on the major role of landscape topography in driving lineage diversification. However, populational phylogeographic breaks may also occur as a result of either niche conservatism or divergence, in the absence of geographic barriers to gene flow. Furthermore, these two factors are not mutually exclusive and can act in concert, making it challenging to evaluate their relative importances on explaining genetic variation in nature. Herein, we use sequences of two mitochondrial and four nuclear genes to investigate the timing and diversification patterns of species pertaining to the Leptodactylus latrans complex, which harbors four morphologically cryptic species with broad distributions across environmental gradients in eastern South America. The origin of this species complex dates back to the late Miocene (ca. 5.5 Mya), but most diversification events occurred synchronically during the late Pleistocene likely as the result of ecological divergence driven by Quaternary climatic oscillations. Further, significant patterns of environmental niche divergences among species in the L. latrans complex imply that ecological isolation is the primary mode of genetic diversification, mostly because phylogenetic breaks are associated with environmental transitions rather than topographic barriers at both species and populational scales. We provided new insights about diversification patterns and processes within a species complex of broadly and continuously distributed group of frogs along South America.

A new species of the Dendropsophus decipiens Group (Anura: Hylidae) from Northeastern Brazil.

We describe a new species of the Dendropsophus decipiens Group, morphologically most resembling D. haddadi but genetically more closely related to D. oliveirai and likely endemic from the Atlantic Forest biome, northeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all species of the D. decipiens Group based on the combination of morphological features, advertisement call and phylogenetic position based on mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. The new species emits simple calls in series of 3-9 notes, each with 9-29 pulses, and dominant frequency varying from 5578-6422 Hz, and exhibit a minimum of 8% genetic distance (16S mitochondrial gene) in comparison to its congeners. The new taxa represent the sixth species of the D. decipiens Group, which likely harbors more undescribed taxa, corroborating the view that Neotropical species richness is fairly underestimated.

Tadpole of Nyctimantis galeata (Anura: Hylidae: Lophyohylini), a narrow endemic casque-headed frog from Bahia, Brazil.

Nyctimantis galeata (Pombal, Menezes, Fontes, Nunes, Rocha Van Sluys) is a casque-headed frog member of the Lophyohylini tribe (Blotto et al. 2020), narrow-endemic to the municipality of Morro do Chapéu, Bahia state, Brazil (Pombal et al. 2012). This species was initially described as sister of Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger based on shared osteological autapomorphies within Hylidae (see Faivovich et al. 2005; Pombal et al. 2012). However, in the most recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of Lophyohylini, Blotto et al. (2020) redefined the genus Nyctimantis to accommodate species from the former genus Aparasphenodon, Argenteohyla and "Corythomantis galeata" (as initially described; Pombal et al. 2012). Currently, the genus Nyctimantis comprises seven species: N. arapapa (Pimenta, Napoli Haddad), N. bokermanni (Pombal), N. brunoi (Miranda-Ribeiro), N. galeata, N. pomba (Assis, Santana, Silva, Quintela Feio), N. rugiceps Boulenger, and N. siemersi (Mertens). Among these, N. arapapa (Lourenço-de-Moraes et al. 2013), N. brunoi (Wogel et al. 2006) and N. siemersi (Céspedez 2000; Cajade et al. 2010) have their tadpoles described, while oral cavity anatomy was only reported for those of N. brunoi and N. siemersi (Wogel et al. 2006; Cajade et al. 2010). Considering that larval morphology generally provides reliable information for anuran systematic and taxonomic studies (Wassersug 1980; McDiarmid Altig 1999; Haas 2003), a formal comparison of these larvae might highlight additional non-molecular evidence that support them as congeners (Blotto et al. 2020). Herein, we describe the external morphology and oral cavity anatomy of tadpoles of N. galeata and compare it with those of related species.

Principialismo no exercício da medicina e em processos ético-profissionais / Principlism in medical practice and ethical-professional lawsuits / Principialismo en la práctica de la medicina y en los procesos ético-profesionales

Resumo Este estudo objetiva mostrar a importância dos princípios bioéticos de Beauchamp e Childress e reafirmá-los na prática médica a fim de diminuir os números exorbitantes de processos ético-profissionais impetrados por iatrogenia. Além disso, busca-se elucidar as fases do processo de modo a informar a comunidade médica sobre seu andamento. Para tal, realiza-se atualização bibliográfica pautada no Código de Ética Médica, no Código de Processo Ético-Profissional e em guias práticos e dinâmicos aplicados aos princípios da bioética. Conclui-se que o exercício da medicina pautado na ética, além de ser justo e benéfico ao paciente, é também modo de resguardar o profissional de possíveis interpretações equivocadas sobre sua conduta.

Abstract This study aims to show the importance of the bioethical principles of Beauchamp and Childress, contributing to reiterate them in medical practices to reduce the exorbitant numbers of professional lawsuits brought about by iatrogenesis. Furthermore, the text tries to elucidate the phases these litigations undergo to give more information on the subject to the medical community. To this end, this research carries out a bibliographic review encompassing the Code of Medical Ethics, the Code of Ethical-Professional Litigation, as well as practical and modifiable resources applied to bioethical principles. We conclude that, besides being fair and beneficial to the patient, the practice of ethics-based medicine also serves to protect professionals from misinterpretations regarding their conduct.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar la importancia de los principios bioéticos de Beauchamp y Childress y reafirmarlos en la práctica médica, con el fin de reducir la exorbitante cantidad de procesos ético-profesionales provocados por la iatrogenia. Además, se busca dilucidar las fases del proceso ético-profesional para informar a la comunidad médica. Para ello, se realiza una actualización bibliográfica con base en el Código de Ética Médica, el Código de Proceso Ético-Profesional y guías prácticas y dinámicas aplicadas a los principios de la bioética. Se concluye que la práctica de la medicina basada en la ética, además de justa y beneficiosa para el paciente, también protege al profesional de posibles malas interpretaciones sobre su conducta.

Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species.

Members of the Leptodactylus mystaceus species complex are widely distributed in forests and open formations of South America east of the Andes. Species of the complex are morphologically similar or indistinguishable among each other, but acoustic data have been the cornerstone for species discrimination across their geographic ranges. In this paper, we re-examine the monophyly, species diversity, and relationships in the L. mystaceus complex on the basis of morphology, coloration, acoustics, and DNA sequences. Morphological and color patterns originally used to the allocation of species to the L. mystaceus complex are also reassessed. Our results revealed three new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, which are named and described herein, based mainly on acoustic and molecular data. Populations assigned to the lineage widely distributed across the South American Dry Diagonal (DD), reported in this study as L. cf. mystaceus, is likely paraphyletic with respect to the nominal species (Amazonian lineage), but additional data are still needed to address the taxonomic status of the DD lineage.

Morphological characterization and taxonomic key of tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) from the northern region of the Atlantic Forest / Caracterização morfológica e chave taxonômica de girinos (Amphibia: Anura) da região norte da Mata Atlântica

Abstract: Although anuran tadpoles are widely distributed and abundant in tropical aquatic habitats, there is a lack of taxonomic keys for the Atlantic Forest. Herein, we developed a dichotomous key for identifying the tadpoles for all species with known larval phase and already recorded in the Atlantic Forest north of the São Francisco River. We analyzed discrete characteristics of 1,042 tadpoles encompassing 63 species of 28 genera from 32 localities. The user-friendly key includes illustration and pictures, and it is a significant step towards improving our knowledge of tadpoles of the Atlantic Forest.

Resumo: Embora os girinos de anuros sejam amplamente distribuídos e abundantes em habitats aquáticos tropicais, não há chaves taxonômicas suficientes para as espécies da Mata Atlântica. Aqui, desenvolvemos uma chave dicotômica para identificar os girinos de todas as espécies com fase larval conhecida e já registradas nesse bioma, ao norte do rio São Francisco. Nós analisamos características discretas de 1.042 girinos pertencentes a 63 espécies (28 gêneros) de 32 localidades. Esta chave de identificação inclui ilustrações e imagens, sendo um passo significativo para um melhor conhecimento dos girinos da Mata Atlântica.

Patient safety atmosphere in a teaching hospital. / Clima de segurança do paciente em um hospital de ensino.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the perception of patient safety atmosphere for health professionals from the safety Attitudes questionnaire and investigate the association between scores and sociodemographic and professionals variables. METHOD: This is a quantitative study conducted with 198 health professionals of a philanthropic hospital in Minas Gerais between March and June 2017. Data were collected using an instrument with sociodemographic and professional variables and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test, Pearson correlation, Anova and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The professionals presented a negative perception regarding the patient's safety amosphere (69,5). The domain Job Satisfaction scored the highest (81.98), while Management Perception did the worst (62.15). Doctors (p= 0.005), men and professionals with higher levels (p<0.001) presented better perception of the safety atmosphere. CONCLUSION: The identification of predictor variables is an important tool for implementing a safety culture, favoring quality of care and reduction of adverse events.

Cetartiodactyla: Updating a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny.

Cetartiodactyla comprises one of the most diverse mammal radiations. Currently, 23 families, 131 genera and more than 330 species are recognized. Several studies have been trying to resolve its phylogenetic relationships. The most comprehensive dated phylogenetic hypothesis available includes only 55% of the extant species, precluding a clear understanding of ecological and evolutionary patterns in Cetartiodactyla. Here, we gathered all mitochondrial genetic data available in GenBank to build a robust Cetartiodactyla calibrated phylogenetic tree using 21 fossil calibration points. We found mitogenomic data for 225 species and included other 93 species from which there was at least one mitochondrial gene available. Using a Bayesian approach, we generated a dated tree comprising 90% of the extant Cetartiodactyla species (n = 318). The major lineages showed robust support and families divergence times are congruent with the available fossil evidence and with previously published phylogenetic hypotheses. By making available a dated phylogeny with extensively sampled clades, we expect to foster future studies on the origin, tempo and mode of Cetartiodactyla diversification.

Clima de segurança do paciente em um hospital de ensino / Clima de seguridad del paciente en un hospital de enseñanza / Patient safety atmosphere in a teaching hospital

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar a percepção do clima de segurança do paciente pelos profissionais de saúde a partir do Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança e investigar a associação entre os escores e variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. MÉTODO Estudo quantitativo realizado com 198 profissionais de saúde de hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais, entre março e junho de 2017. Utilizou-se instrumento com variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais e Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança. Realizou-se análise estatística com teste t de Student, correlação de Pearson, Anova e regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS Profissionais apresentaram percepção negativa quanto ao clima de segurança do paciente (69,5). Domínio Satisfação no Trabalho obteve maior pontuação (81,98), enquanto Percepção da gerência a pior (62,15). Médicos (p=0,005), homens e profissionais de nível superior (p<0,001) apresentaram melhor percepção de segurança. CONCLUSÃO Identificação de variáveis preditoras é importante ferramenta para implementação de uma cultura de segurança, favorecendo qualidade da assistência e redução de eventos adversos.

Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar la percepción del clima de seguridad del paciente para profesionales de la salud del cuestionario de actitudes de seguridad e investigar la asociación entre los escores de seguridad y las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales. MÉTODO Estudio cuantitativo realizado con 198 profesionales de salud de un hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais, entre marzo y junio de 2017. Se utilizó un instrumento con variables sociodemográficas y profesionales y Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Análisis estadístico se realizó con los tests t de Student, correlación de Pearson, Anova y regresión lineal múltiple. RESULTADOS Los profesionales presentaron una percepción negativa en cuanto al clima de seguridad del paciente (69,5). El dominio de satisfacción en el trabajo obtuvo mayor puntuación (81,98), mientras que la percepción de la gerencia peor (62,15). Médicos (p = 0,005), hombres y profesionales de nivel superior (p <0,001) presentaron mejor percepción de seguridad. CONCLUSIÓN La identificación de variables predictoras es una importante herramienta para la implementación de una cultura de seguridad, favoreciendo calidad de la asistencia y reducción de eventos adversos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE Evaluate the perception of patient safety atmosphere for health professionals from the safety Attitudes questionnaire and investigate the association between scores and sociodemographic and professionals variables. METHOD This is a quantitative study conducted with 198 health professionals of a philanthropic hospital in Minas Gerais between March and June 2017. Data were collected using an instrument with sociodemographic and professional variables and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test, Pearson correlation, Anova and multiple linear regression. RESULTS The professionals presented a negative perception regarding the patient's safety amosphere (69,5). The domain Job Satisfaction scored the highest (81.98), while Management Perception did the worst (62.15). Doctors (p= 0.005), men and professionals with higher levels (p<0.001) presented better perception of the safety atmosphere. CONCLUSION The identification of predictor variables is an important tool for implementing a safety culture, favoring quality of care and reduction of adverse events.

Raman spectroscopy with a 1064-nm wavelength laser as a potential molecular tool for prostate cancer diagnosis: a pilot study.

Raman spectroscopy is widely used to investigate the structure and property of the molecules from their vibrational transitions and may allow for the diagnosis of cancer in a fast, objective, and nondestructive manner. This experimental study aims to propose the use of the 1064-nm wavelength laser in a Raman spectroscopy and to evaluate its discrimination capability in prostate cancer diagnosis. Seventy-four spectra from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were evaluated. The acquired signals were filtered, normalized, and corrected for possible oscillations in the laser intensity and fluorescence effects. Wilcoxon tests revealed significant differences between the benign and malign samples associated with the deformation vibration characteristic of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. A classifier based on support vector machines was able to predict the Gleason scores of the samples with 95% of accuracy, opening a perspective for the use of the 1064-nm excitatory wavelength in prostatic cancer diagnosis.

Processos judiciais para aquisição de bomba de insulina em Ribeirão Preto / Judicial proceedings for the acquisition of insulin pump in the city of Ribeirão Preto / Procesos judiciales para la adquisición de la bomba de insulina en Ribeirão Preto

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar ações judiciais individuais para a aquisição de bomba de insulina movidas por usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde em município do estado de São Paulo, mediante estudo exploratório-descritivo do tipo documental e estatístico, de caráter quantitativo. Foram identificados 40 (6,2%) processos relacionados a demandas por bombas de insulina do total de 636 processos. A maioria das ações foi impetrada por homens para pacientes na faixa etária entre 11 e 20 anos. Foram também identificadas ações para adquirir medicamentos e outros insumos, como glicosímetros, conjuntos de infusão e reservatórios de insulina. O estudo tem como intuito promover discussões sobre direitos e assistência integral da pessoa com diabetes mellitus. Assim, espera-se contribuir para o entendimento de como o processo de judicialização pode auxiliar os usuários a buscar novas perspectivas para o cuidado com a doença.

Abstract This exploratory, descriptive, documental and statistical article, with a quantitative approach, aims to analyze individual legal cases for the supply of insulin pump by users of the Sistema Único de Saúde (unified health system) in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We identified 40 (6.2%) cases demanding insulin pumps. Most of the cases were filed by men in the age group of 11 to 20 years. We also identified cases for the acquisition of drugs and other products such as glucometers and infusion sets, and insulin reservoirs. This study promotes discussions about the rights and integral care of people with diabetes mellitus. Thus, one hopes that it contributes to the understanding of how the process of judicialization can assist users in the search of new perspectives for the care of diabetes mellitus.

Resumen Se tuvo como objetivo analizar las acciones judiciales individuales para la adquisición de la bomba de insulina por parte de los usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud, en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, mediante un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, de tipo documental y estadístico, de carácter cuantitativo. Se identificaron 40 (6,2%) procesos relacionados con demandas de bombas de insulina de un total de 636 procesos. La mayoría de las acciones fueron impetradas por varones para pacientes en la franja etaria de entre 11 y 20 años. También se identificaron acciones para adquirir medicamentos y otros insumos, como glucómetros, equipos de infusión y reservorios de insulina. El estudio tiene como objetivo promover discusiones acerca de los derechos y de la asistencia integral de la persona con diabetes mellitus. Así, se espera contribuir a la comprensión acerca de cómo el proceso de judicialización puede ayudar a los usuarios en la búsqueda de nuevas perspectivas para el cuidado de la enfermedad.

Conhecimento e atividades de autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus submetidas a apoio telefônico / Self-care knowledge and activities of people with diabetes mellitus submitted to telephone support

Estudo quase-experimental que analisou o conhecimento em diabetes e atividades de autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus e suas relações com as variáveis sociodemográficas e de controle glicêmico de pessoas com a doença, após participarem de um programa de apoio telefônico. A amostra foi constituída por 48 pessoas, entrevistadas por meio dos instrumentos Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire e Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o diabetes. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, com os testes Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Verificou-se bom conhecimento antes e após a intervenção, e relação desta variável com a hemoglobina glicada após a intervenção. As atividades de autocuidado que apresentaram as maiores médias foram a alimentação, monitorização da glicemia, cuidado com os pés e uso de medicamentos. Os achados podem ser utilizados nas intervenções educativas, e o apoio telefônico tem se mostrado uma ferramenta que poderá auxiliar as equipes de saúde na atenção a pessoa com diabetes mellitus.

A quasi-experimental study that analyzed diabetes knowledge and self-care activities of people with diabetes mellitus and, their relationships with sociodemographic variables and glucose control after participating in a telephone support program. Forty-eight people constituted the sample, and they were interviewed using the tools Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. We used descriptive analysis, with the Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests. We verified good knowledge before and after the intervention and, the relationship of this variable with the glycated hemoglobin post-intervention. Self-care activities presenting higher means were eating, glucose monitoring, feet care and, use of medications. The findings can be useful for educational interventions, and telephonic support has been shown as a tool that can help health teams in the attention to the person with diabetes mellitus.

Estimating synchronous demographic changes across populations using hABC and its application for a herpetological community from northeastern Brazil.

Many studies propose that Quaternary climatic cycles contracted and/or expanded the ranges of species and biomes. Strong expansion-contraction dynamics of biomes presume concerted demographic changes of associated fauna. The analysis of temporal concordance of demographic changes can be used to test the influence of Quaternary climate on diversification processes. Hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (hABC) is a powerful and flexible approach that models genetic data from multiple species, and can be used to estimate the temporal concordance of demographic processes. Using available single-locus data, we can now perform large-scale analyses, both in terms of number of species and geographic scope. Here, we first compared the power of four alternative hABC models for a collection of single-locus data. We found that the model incorporating an a priori hypothesis about the timing of simultaneous demographic change had the best performance. Second, we applied the hABC models to a data set of seven squamate and four amphibian species occurring in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (Caatinga) in northeastern Brazil, which, according to paleoclimatic evidence, experienced an increase in aridity during the Pleistocene. If this increase was important for the diversification of associated xeric-adapted species, simultaneous population expansions should be evident at the community level. We found a strong signal of synchronous population expansion in the Late Pleistocene, supporting the increase of the Caatinga during this time. This expansion likely enhanced the formation of communities adapted to high aridity and seasonality and caused regional extirpation of taxa adapted to wet forest.

Profissionais de enfermagem e a internação psiquiátrica em hospital geral: percepções e capacitação profissional / Nursing professionals and psychiatric admission in general hospital: perceptions and professional training / Profesionales de enfermería y la internación psiquiátrica en hospital general: percepciones y capacitación profesional

Objetivando verificar como a equipe de enfermagem percebe a internação psiquiátrica no hospital geral e identificar sua capacitação profissional para lidar com a pessoa com transtorno mental e/ou que fazem uso prejudicial de álcool e outras drogas, desenvolveu-se este estudo qualitativo. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de maio a julho de 2016, em hospital geral do estado de Minas Gerais e participaram 31 profissionais de enfermagem. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada para a obtenção dos dados que foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e análise temática. Verificou-se que os participantes têm dificuldades em aceitar a internação psiquiátrica no hospital geral, o que se relaciona à possível inaptidão para oferecer cuidados direcionados à pessoa com transtorno mental. Sendo assim, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de planejamento educativo, sobretudo para os técnicos de enfermagem, com vistas a qualificá-los para cuidar dessas pessoas (AU).

Qualitative study aimed to investigate how the nursing staff perceives psychiatric care beds in a general hospital and assess whether they are capable toassist people with mental disorders. Data was collected from May to July 2016, in a general hospital in the state of Minas Gerais and 31 nurses participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information, and the data obtained was subsequently submitted to content and thematic analysis. It was found that the participants felt uncomfortable withpsychiatric beds in the general hospital, which may be related to their lack of skills to provide care for people with mental disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to develop educational planning, especially for nursing technicians, in order to make them able to assist these patients (AU).

Se objetivó verificar como es percibida la internación psiquiátrica en hospital general por parte del equipo de enfermería, y verificar su capacitación para encargarse de personas con trastorno mental y/o que hacen uso perjudicial de alcohol y otras drogas. Estudio cualitativo cuyos datos fueron recolectados de mayo a julio de 2016, en hospital general de Minas Gerais, participaron 31 profesionales de enfermería. Se aplicó entrevista semiestructurada para obtención de los datos, sometidos a análisis de contenido y análisis temático. Se verificó que los participantes tenían dificultades para aceptar la internación psiquiátrica en el hospital general, lo cual está relacionado con la posible ineptitud para brindar cuidados dirigidos a personas con trastorno mental. Siendo así, resulta necesario el desarrollo de planificación educativa, particularmente para los técnicos de enfermería, a fin de calificarlos para brindar cuidados a estas personas (AU).