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3.
An Bras Dermatol ; 96(2): 125-138, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33637397

ABSTRACT

In this nonsystematic review, the complementary diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of human papillomavirus are discussed. The histopathology is addressed regarding its indications, main findings and limitations, as a complementary diagnostic method largely used by dermatologists. Electron microscopy is briefly reviewed, along with its contribution to the accumulated knowledge on HPV, as well as the relevance of research in using this technology for future advances in diagnosis and treatment. Molecular information about the virus is continuously increasing, and the practical applications of HPV serology, molecular identification and genotyping are discussed. Vaccines are a valuable tool in primary HPV infection prevention and are now available in many countries; their composition, indications, and adverse effects are revisited. Local and systemic treatment options are reviewed and off-label prescriptions are discussed. Finally, health education focusing on HPV infection as a sexually transmitted infection of worldwide relevance and the many barriers to improve primary and secondary prevention are addressed.


Subject(s)
Alphapapillomavirus , Papillomavirus Infections , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Humans , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Risk Factors
4.
An Bras Dermatol ; 96(1): 1-16, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33341319

ABSTRACT

Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is related to a great number of cutaneous and mucosal manifestations. The spectrum of HPV ranges from inapparent infections, through various clinical benign presentations including cutaneous and mucosal disease, to malignant and premalignant conditions. New HPV types are currently described in the literature; many of them are characterized as high-risk types due to their oncogenic potential. Knowledge regarding their epidemiology and pathogenesis is important to understand not only infection and disease processes, but also to formulate the clinical and laboratory basis for diagnosis, therapeutics, and prophylactic measures. This non-systematic review aims to discuss and to update those aspects, with an emphasis on relevant topics for dermatologists. HPV infection and related diseases in the Brazilian scenario are highlighted, including common dermatologic conditions seen at clinics as well as the condition of a public health problem as a sexually transmitted infection. The oncogenicity of the virus and the variety of clinical outcomes - especially in the immunocompromised individuals - are addressed.


Subject(s)
Alphapapillomavirus , Papillomaviridae , Papillomavirus Infections , Precancerous Conditions , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology
5.
An Bras Dermatol ; 92(3): 419-420, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29186265

ABSTRACT

A 59-year-old woman reported a 20-day history of slightly scaly erythematous infiltrated patches on her palms and soles with a histopathological result which was consistent with interstitial-pattern granuloma annulare, clinically classified as patch granuloma annulare. This is a rare clinical variant of granuloma annulare, with an unknown incidence and characteristic clinical and histopathological features. The patient evolved with a complete remission of the lesions after biopsy and the use of high-potency topical corticosteroid.


Subject(s)
Granuloma Annulare/pathology , Administration, Topical , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Female , Granuloma Annulare/drug therapy , Humans , Middle Aged
6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(3): 419-420, May-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886961

ABSTRACT

Abstract A 59-year-old woman reported a 20-day history of slightly scaly erythematous infiltrated patches on her palms and soles with a histopathological result which was consistent with interstitial-pattern granuloma annulare, clinically classified as patch granuloma annulare. This is a rare clinical variant of granuloma annulare, with an unknown incidence and characteristic clinical and histopathological features. The patient evolved with a complete remission of the lesions after biopsy and the use of high-potency topical corticosteroid.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Granuloma Annulare/pathology , Administration, Topical , Granuloma Annulare/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
9.
Surg. cosmet. dermatol. (Impr.) ; 5(3): 216-221, Jul-Set. 2013. ilus
Article in English, French | LILACS | ID: biblio-1224

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A dor durante a injeção da toxina botulínica pode representar, para alguns pacientes, uma limitação à realização do procedimento. Há dúvidas se o uso de anestésico tópico diminui a dor ou interfere no efeito e duração do tratamento. Objetivos: Objetiva-se estudar o efeito da lidocaína 4% creme no controle da dor durante aplicação da toxina botulínica BoNT-A - Speywood Unit, comparando-a ao veículo. Ademais, deseja-se verificar se o referido creme influencia o resultado e a duração do tratamento. Métodos: Estudo experimental, prospectivo, duplo-cego e randomizado. A dor foi avaliada por escala de graduação numérica compartimentada (EGNC), e o efeito, pela escala qualitativa de contração de quatro pontos. Resultados: avaliando-se a escala de dor observaram-se valores maiores no grupo placebo quando comparado ao grupo que usou anestésico, com diferença estatisticamente significativa.Além disso, não houve diferença estatística na eficácia e na duração do efeito ao longo das semanas 4, 8, 12 e 16. Conclusões: A toxina BoNT-A - Speywood Unit mostrou-se eficaz e segura para tratamento de rugas glabelares e frontais.A aplicação de anestésico tópico (lidocaína 4% creme) reduziu a dor durante o procedimento sem interferir na eficácia e duração do efeito da referida toxina.


Introduction: For some patients, pain during the injection of botulinum toxin can represent a limitation for performing the procedure. There are doubts about whether the use of topical anesthetic decreases pain or interferes with the treatment's efficacy and duration of effect. Objectives: To study the effect of 4% lidocaine cream in controlling pain during BoNT-A - Speywood Unit botulinum toxin application, comparing it to the vehicle. In addition, the study was aimed at verifying whether the cream influences the treatment's outcome and duration. Methods: An experimental, prospective, double-blind, randomized study was carried out. The pain was assessed through a compartmentalized numerical rating scale (CNRS). The effect was assessed through a four-point contraction qualitative scale. Results: After evaluating the pain scale, higher values were observed in the placebo group when compared to the group that used anesthetic, with statistical significance. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the efficacy and duration of effect over weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. Conclusions: BoNT-A - Speywood Unit toxin was effective and safe for the treatment of glabellar and frontal wrinkles. The use of topical anesthetics (4% lidocaine cream) reduced the pain during the procedure. In addition, there was no interference in the toxin's efficacy and effect duration.

10.
Mycopathologia ; 174(5-6): 489-97, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22936103

ABSTRACT

A total of 233 specimens obtained from suspected cases of dermatomycosis from 189 patients were examined for causative fungi from December 2009 to May 2010 in a tertiary care hospital in the city of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Yeast and fungal isolates obtained from specimens were regarded as conclusive diagnosis of mycoses in 82 cases (35.19 %), with the exception of two patients with pityriasis versicolor (2.4 %), in which the diagnosis was made only by direct examination plus clinical diagnostics of individuals. Forty-four subjects (23.28 %) were infected in more than one anatomical site. There was a higher occurrence on female patients (146, 77.2 %) than male (43, 22.8 %). Most of the infected patients were aged between 41 and 70 years (68.29 %). There were no statistically significant differences between occurrence of fungal infection and gender, presence of secondary disease and contact with animals. The largest number of examined material occurred in samples from toenails, which resulted in 50 % of positive cultures. Candida species were the most frequent group causing dermatomycosis in many anatomical sites, mainly in toenails and fingernails. Candida parapsilosis was the most representative (40.24 %) among all agents causing dermatomycosis of toenails and fingernails, followed by Candida tropicalis (20.73 %) and Trichophyton rubrum (10.98 %). Among the dermatophytes, Trichophyton genus represented over 80 % of the isolates, with T. rubrum representing 64.29 %, T. interdigitale (T. mentagrophytes) (21.43 %) and Microsporum gypseum (14.29 %).


Subject(s)
Dermatomycoses/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses/microbiology , Fungi/isolation & purification , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Fungi/classification , Fungi/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mycological Typing Techniques , Prevalence , Tertiary Healthcare/statistics & numerical data
11.
Surg. cosmet. dermatol. (Impr.) ; 3(1): 17-22, mar. 2011. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-602553

ABSTRACT

Introdução: o melasma é dermatose de alta prevalência que provoca grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Seu tratamento é um desafio. O índice de área e gravidade do melasma - Masi, e o Melasma Quality of Life Scale - MelasQoL são instrumentos úteis na avaliação clínica e do impacto na qualidade de vida, respectivamente. Objetivo: estudar, através do Masi e MelasQoL, o efeito do peeling de ácido retinoico em pacientes portadoras de melasma, comparando as concentrações de 5 e 10%. Métodos: 30 pacientes foram randomizados e submetidos a peelings de ácido retinoico a 5% ou 10% nas semanas 0, 2, 4 e 6.As pacientes foram submetidas à avaliação clínica, através do Masi e à avaliação da qualidade de vida, através do MelasQoL, nas semanas 0 e 8. Resultados: na avaliação global dos dois grupos houve redução estatisticamente significativa de ambos os índices após os tratamentos. Quando se compararam os peelings de ácido retinoico a 5 e 10% não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis Masi e MelasQoL. Conclusões: o peeling de ácido retinóico é eficaz e seguro no tratamento do melasma, como tratamento isolado, e não há diferença da melhora quando se comparam as concentrações de 5% e 10%.

12.
An Bras Dermatol ; 85(4): 545-8, 2010.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20944918

ABSTRACT

Photodynamic therapy is an effective alternative for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer, selectively destroying the neoplastic cells through the use of photosensitizer substances that are irradiated with a source of light of adequate wave length. Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome is a genodermatosis characterized by multiples basal cell carcinomas occurring at an early age, compelling patients to various surgeries, some of them disfiguring. The aim of this article is to show the excellent result of the treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas on the scalp of a patient suffering from Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome.


Subject(s)
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photochemotherapy/methods , Scalp , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Aminolevulinic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aminolevulinic Acid/therapeutic use , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/pathology , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Middle Aged , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Scalp/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment Outcome
13.
An. bras. dermatol ; 85(4): 545-548, jul.-ago. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560588

ABSTRACT

A terapia fotodinâmica é uma alternativa eficaz de tratamento para neoplasias cutâneas não melanoma e tem como princípio a utilização de substâncias fotossensibilizantes que, após serem irradiadas com uma fonte de luz de comprimento de onda adequado, destroem seletivamente as células neoplásicas. A Síndrome do Nevobasocelular é uma genodermatose que cursa com o desenvolvimento de inúmeros carcinomas basocelulares em uma idade precoce, submetendo os pacientes a vários procedimentos cirúrgicos, muitas vezes desfigurantes. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o excelente resultado do tratamento de carcinomas basocelulares no couro cabeludo de uma paciente com a Síndrome do Nevobasocelular.


Photodynamic therapy is an effective alternative for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer, selectively destroying the neoplastic cells through the use of photosensitizer substances that are irradiated with a source of light of adequate wave length. Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome is a genodermatosis characterized by multiples basal cell carcinomas occurring at an early age, compelling patients to various surgeries, some of them disfiguring. The aim of this article is to show the excellent result of the treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas on the scalp of a patient suffering from Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Photochemotherapy/methods , Scalp , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Aminolevulinic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aminolevulinic Acid/therapeutic use , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Scalp/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment Outcome
14.
Int J Dermatol ; 49(1): 56-8, 2010 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20465613

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by exogenous fungi or actinomycetes. This infection has a progressive course and shows a typical clinical characteristic of tumefaction, draining sinuses, and grains. Infection initiation is related to local trauma and can spread to muscle, underlying bone, and adjacent organs. Nocardia brasiliensis is the most frequent actinomycete isolated, while N. caviae is a rare agent. METHODS: We present a case of mycetoma in a 37-year-old African-American man on the right hand. The infection had been apparent for four years prior to the consultation. When the infection did not respond to antibiotic therapy, the patient was referred to the Dermatology department. Routine laboratory studies were normal. X-ray examination of the hand showed an osteolytic lesion on the hand bones. On skin biopsy culture, on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at 28 degrees C, a colony was isolated which was further identified as N. caviae by biochemical and hydrolysis testing. RESULTS: The patient was treated with oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) 160/800 mg twice a day for 10 months. Four months after the beginning of the therapy, the subject exhibited clinical improvement and functional recovery of the hand. Five-year follow-up X-ray examination of the hand showed no osteolytic lesion on the hand bones. CONCLUSION: We report the first mycetoma case caused by N. caviae in our country with an unusual location on the hand. The patient showed clinical improvement with oral TMP/SMZ.


Subject(s)
Mycetoma/microbiology , Mycetoma/pathology , Nocardia Infections/pathology , Nocardia/isolation & purification , Adult , Biopsy , Brazil , Hand Dermatoses/diagnostic imaging , Hand Dermatoses/microbiology , Hand Dermatoses/pathology , Humans , Male , Mycetoma/diagnostic imaging , Nocardia Infections/diagnostic imaging , Osteitis/diagnostic imaging , Osteitis/microbiology , Osteitis/pathology , Radiography
15.
Surg. cosmet. dermatol. (Impr.) ; 2(3): 173-179, 2010. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-600132

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O melasma caracteriza-se por máculas hipercrômicas adquiridas,principalmente na face,que atingem frequentemente as mulheres,com verdadeira incidência desconhecida.O objetivo do tratamento é o controle da doença,e várias opções são dispo-níveis.O Índice de área e gravidade do melasma - MASI é medida útil na avaliação clínica do melasma,e o Melasma Quality of Life Scale - MELASQoL,instrumento capaz de verificar objetivamente o impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: avaliar,através do MASIe MELASQoL,o efeito do peeling de ácido láctico em pacientes portadores de melasma. Métodos: 33 pacientes portadoras de melasma,predominantemente do fototipo IV, foram submetidas a peelings seriados de ácido láctico 85% (solução hidroalcolica,pH=3,5). Foram realizadas avaliação clínica,através do MASI,e avaliação de impacto na qualidade de vida,através do MELASQoL,pré e pós-tratamento. Resultados: observou-se redução significativa de ambos os índices após tratamento, tendo sido de sete pontos a queda média do MASI.Não foi observada correlação entre avariação do MASIe do MELASQoL,denotando que a melhora clínica nem sempre corresponde ao grau de expectativa das pacientes em relação ao tratamento.Conclusões: o peeling de ácido láctico alia efetividade no tratamento do melasma combom perfil de segurança.

16.
An. bras. dermatol ; 80(supl.3): S314-S322, nov.-dez. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-459422

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS: Não há consenso sobre o papel dos dendrócitos dérmicos (DD) nos eventos fisiopatológicos nos períodos de exacerbação e de acalmia da doença. A pentoxifilina (PTX) é uma metilxantina que inibe vários mecanismos inflamatórios. OBJETIVO: Estudar os efeitos da PTX sobre os dendróticos dérmicos de placas de psoríase com técnicas imuno-histoquímicas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trinta biópsias de placas de psoríase antes e após oito semanas de uso oral diário de 1.200mg de PTX foram incubadas com anticorpo primário de coelho antiFator XIIIa e anticorpo de ligação conjugado com fosfatase alcalina. RESULTADOS: As células imunomarcadas Fator XIIIa+ foram proeminentes com morfologia dendrítica arborescente na derme papilar formando linha celular logo abaixo da epiderme e exibindo arranjo nodular ao redor dos vasos. Após tratamento, as células apresentaram-se com morfologia dendrítica e fusiforme, distribuídas ao redor dos vasos da derme papilar e predominantemente fusiformes dispostas paralelamente à junção dermoepidérmica retificada. CONCLUSÕES: A PTX promove aumento do fluxo sangüíneo e diminuição da adesividade endotelial, com aumento dos mastócitos e DD FXIIIa. A PTX inibe o TNF-alfa, que implica a diminuição da expressão de receptores pelos DDs, como CCR7 e a manutenção do estímulo tecidual para sinalização e migração dos precursores, uma vez que os processos etiopatogenéticos não são afetados pela droga.


BACKGROUND: There is no consensus about dermal dendrocytes (DD) function on physiopathological events on psoriasis. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine that inhibits many inflammatory mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate PTX effect on DD proliferation of psoriasis through immunohistochemical techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty psoriatic skin specimens before and 8 weeks after 1200mg/day PTX were incubated with primary rabbit antibody anti-factor XIIIa and binding antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatasis. RESULTS: Factor XIIIa+ DD were prominent with large cytoplasm and markedly dendritic morphology. They were present in a diffuse manner in the papillary dermis and around vessels. After PTX they became oval with scarce cytoplasm, showed no dendritic extensions, and were only present in some papillary bodies. CONCLUSION: PTX pharmacological action promotes vessel flow enhancement, endothelial cell adhesivity decrease, and mast cells and DD factor XIIIa+ increase. PTX has an inhibitory action on TNF alpha, which could imply in a decrease of DD receptor expression, as CCR7, and maintenance of the tissular stimulus to signalization and migration of precursors, since the etiopathogenic processes would not be affected by the drug.

17.
An. bras. dermatol ; 78(1): 49-61, jan.-fev. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-341609

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam ampla revisão sobre os fundamentos da biópsia da unidade ungueal, fornecendo bases teóricas sobre anatomia, histologia e histopatologia. Abordam, detalhadamente, as indicações e os objetivos da biópsia da unidade ungueal e as várias técnicas disponíveis. Os objetivos visam definir os locais adequados da biópsia do aparelho ungueal para as diferentes doenças da unha, comparar duas formas de amaciamento da lâmina ungueal, uma utilizando KOH a 20por cento, outra, solução aquosa de Tween 40 a 10 por cento, e estabelecer uma rotina para o processamento do material de biópsia. O grupo de estudo constou de 11 pacientes com doença ungueal, que procuraram o ambulatório de Dermatologia do HUPE/UERJ para esclarecimento diagnóstico. Foi realizado o total de 12 biópsias. Não houve diferença na dificuldade técnica, em incluir ou cortar o material, consoante ao método de amaciamento utilizado, nem prejuízo citológico ou histológico ao exame histopatológico. Os autores concluíram que biópsia ungueal é procedimento seguro e eficaz para esclarecer o diagnóstico das doenças ungueais quando o exame clínico ou outras técnicas falharam. Também é importante, para quem deseja realizar o procedimento, o conhecimento adequado da anatomia dessa região


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Nail Diseases/pathology , Pathology
18.
An. bras. dermatol ; 75(2): 226-227, mar.-abr. 2000. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-346293

ABSTRACT

Paciente de 5 anos de idade, seco feminino, branca, natural de S. João de Meriti, Rio de Janeiro. A paciente vinha apresentando há 2 anos, rachaduras nas unhas. Não existia história pessoal ou familiar de atopia ou de outras doenças. Foi negado uso de medicação. Observaram-se alteraçòes exclusivamente ungueais; as 20 unhas apresentavam-se finas, ásperas e com excessivas estriações longitudinais o restante do exame clínico não apresentou alterações. A pesquisa de fungos nas unhas foi negativa. O quadro clínico e histopatológico foi conclusivo de traquioníquia espongiótica. a paciente recebeu como tratamento corticoterapia tópica


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Nails
19.
An. bras. dermatol ; 73(2): 97-103, mar.-abr. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-242352

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam estudo retrospectivo de 12 pacientes com fasciite necrosante da genitália masculina (Síndrome de Fournier), tratados no período de outubro de 1982 a maio de 1997. A idade variou de quatro a 72 anos, com média de 48,8 anos. O tratamento consistiu em cistostomia em cinco casos, antibioticoterapia sistêmica de largo espectro, desbridamentos agressivos e técnicas de reconstruçäo por cirurgia plástica (retalhos e enxertos cutâneos). Näo houve óbitos na série estudada e näo foram observadas seqüelas relevantes. Os autores concluem que o tratamento utilizado foi eficaz na abordagem da doença


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cystostomy , Genital Diseases, Male/physiopathology , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/drug therapy , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/physiopathology , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/surgery , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/therapy , Fournier Gangrene/physiopathology , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Retrospective Studies
20.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 22(1): 60-1, jan.-fev. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-154587

ABSTRACT

We describe a case of laparoscopic retrieval of a retained surgical spong in the hypogastrium of a patient who had been previously operated on for an incisional hernia repair. The foreign body was associated with a large abscess. Two 10 mm trocars and 5mm were used. After lysis of the adherences, the abscess contents was aspired and the surgical spong was delicately removed by a small incision in the right inferior quadrant of the abdomen. The patient had a uneventful recovery with no apparent damage to the herniorrafy, which would probably be affected by the open surgery


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Abdomen , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Laparoscopy
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