Critical collaborative research: epistemic-ontological locus for the education of educators and researchers as agents of personal and collective transformation / Pesquisa crítica de colaboração: lócus epistemo-ontológico para a educação de educadores e pesquisadores como agentes de transformações pessoais e coletivas / Investigación crítica colaborativa: locus epistemo-ontológico para la formación de educadores y investigadores como agentes de transformaciones personales y colectivas

This text discusses the Critical Collaborative Research known in Brazil as PCCol ­ Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração - which is a practical-theoretical approach used in the development of investigations that focus on understanding and often challenging knowledge production and actions so as to promote de organization of decolonial-and-inclusive schools. Standing on Marxian, Vygotskian and Freirean underpinnings, the text was written from the recordings of two classes delivered by the authors in a Graduate Course called Critical Research Methodologies, with participation of some guest professors, such as Maria Cecilia Camargo Magalhães, who also authors this paper. The text is organized from the speeches of the authors on two occasions in which they collaboratively delivered lessons about PCCol, as well as the questions and interventions from the other course participants. The writing procedure interweaves speeches, treated as data, and their analyses, treated as the actual discussion of some of the concepts that base the Research Methodology itself, and that include relational and transformational agency, the Freirean notion of data production from the South rather than the North, professional practice that is personal and collectively responsive, but more specifically, we will discuss the role played by language for the implementation of collaborative interactions, as well as how this type of language is organized. (AU)

Este texto discute a Pesquisa Crítica de Colaboração (PCCol), uma abordagem prático-teórica utilizada no desenvolvimento de trabalhos voltados à compreensão de conhecimentos e modos de agir, assim como ao questionamento destes, de modos a promover a formação de uma escola decolonial-e-inclusiva. De base marxiana, freiriana e vygotskiana, o texto foi escrito a partir de duas aulas ministradas no Curso "Critical Research Methodologies", com a presença de professores convidados como a segunda autora deste texto, Maria Cecília C. Magalhães. O presente artigo foi organizado a partir das falas e perguntas dos participantes das duas aulas ministradas por Fidalgo e Magalhães sobre a PCCol, que foram gravadas e transcritas. Em outras palavras, o artigo trará dados produzidos das exposições teórico-metodológicas das apresentadoras e das perguntas e intervenções dos demais participantes, intercaladas de discussão epistemo-metodológica dos conceitos que embasam a PCCol, tais como desenvolvimento da agência relacional e transformadora, a emergência de uma prática profissional pessoal e coletiva responsiva, mas mais fortemente sobre o papel da linguagem na colaboração e como esta se organiza. (AU)

Ese texto aborda la Investigación Colaborativa Crítica (PCCol), cuál enfoque teórico-práctico utilizado en el desarrollo de trabajos destinados a comprender saberes y modos de actuar, así como cuestionarlos, de manera que promuevan la formación de una escuela descolonial-e-inclusiva. Con base marxista, freireana y vygotskiana, el material ha sido escrito a partir de dos clases dictadas en el Curso "Metodologías de Investigación Crítica", además de profesores invitados como la segunda autora de este texto, Maria Cecília C. Magalhães. El presente artículo fue organizado a partir de las charlas, intervenciones y preguntas de los participantes de las dos clases impartidas por Fidalgo y Magalhães acerca de la PCCol, que han sido grabadas y transcritas. En otros términos, el artículo traerá datos producidos a partir de las exposiciones teórico-metodológicas de los expositores y de las preguntas e intervenciones de los demás participantes, interpuestos con una discusión epistemológica-metodológica de los conceptos que subyacen la PCCol, como el desarrollo de relaciones y agencia trasformadora, el surgimiento de una práctica profesional personal y colectiva comprometida, pero más fuertemente acerca del papel del lenguaje en la colaboración y cómo esa se organiza. (AU)

The effect of adenotonsillectomy and rapid maxillary expansion on the upper airway in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized crossover-controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the effects of adenotonsillectomy (AT) and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and compare volumetric changes in the upper airway (UA) arising from AT and RME. METHODS: Thirty-nine children who presented with maxillary constriction and grade III/IV tonsillar hypertrophy were randomized into two groups. One group underwent AT as the first treatment, and the other group underwent RME. Polysomnography (PSG) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were conducted before (T0) and 6 months after the first treatment (T1). In a crossover design, individuals with AHI>1 received the second treatment. Six months later, they underwent PSG and CBCT (T2). The influence of age, sex, tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy, initial AHI severity, initial volume of the UA, first treatment, and maxillary expansion amount was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Intra- and inter-group comparisons for AHI and inter-group comparisons of volumetric changes in each region of the UA were performed using a paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: The initial AHI severity and therapeutic sequence in which AT was the first treatment explained for 95.6% of AHI improvement. AT caused significant improvements in the AHI and volumetric increases in the buccopharynx and total UA areas compared to RME. CONCLUSIONS: The initial AHI severity and AT as the first treatment accounted for most of the AHI improvement. Most reductions in AHI were due to AT, which promoted more volumetric increases in UA areas than RME. RME may have a marginal effect on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Description of a prospective 17DD yellow fever vaccine cohort in Recife, Brazil.

From September 2005 to March 2007, 238 individuals being vaccinated for the first time with the yellow fever (YF) -17DD vaccine were enrolled in a cohort established in Recife, Brazil. A prospective study indicated that, after immunization, anti-YF immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-YF IgG were present in 70.6% (IgM) and 98.3% (IgG) of the vaccinated subjects. All vaccinees developed protective immunity, which was detected by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) with a geometric mean titer of 892. Of the 238 individuals, 86.6% had IgG antibodies to dengue virus; however, the presence of anti-dengue IgG did not interfere significantly with the development of anti-YF neutralizing antibodies. In a separate retrospective study of individuals immunized with the 17DD vaccine, the PRNT values at 5 and 10 years post-vaccination remained positive but showed a significant decrease in neutralization titer (25% with PRNT titers < 100 after 5 years and 35% after 10 years).

Effect of exogenous melatonin on sleep and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.

Insomnia, sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may contribute to the reduction of cognition and alertness in those patients. Melatonin has been shown to improve sleep in several conditions. In experimental models of PD, melatonin can ameliorate motor symptoms. To evaluate the effect of melatonin on sleep and motor dysfuntion in PD, we studied 18 patients (Hoehn & Yahr I to III) from a PD clinic. Prior to treatment, motor dysfunction was assessed by UPDRS II, III and IV. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daytime somnolence by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Full polysomnography (PSG) was performed in all subjects. Patients were then randomized to receive melatonin (3mg) or placebo one hour before bedtime for four weeks. All measures were repeated at the end of treatment. On initial assessment, 14 patients (70%) showed poor quality sleep (PSQI > 6) and eight (40%) excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10). Increased sleep latency (50%), REM sleep without atonia (66%), and reduced sleep efficiency (72%) were found on PSG. Eight patients had an apnea/ hipopnea index greater than 15 but no severe oxygen desaturation was observed. Sleep fragmentation tended to be more severe in patients on lower doses of levodopa (p = 0.07). Although melatonin significantly improved subjective quality of sleep (p = 0.03) as evaluated by the PSQI index, PSG abnormalities were not changed. Motor dysfunction was not improved by the use of melatonin. Undetected differences in motor scores and PSG findings may have been due to a small sample size and a type II error.

Characterization of a dengue patient cohort in Recife, Brazil.

From 2004 to 2006, 658 patients with suspected dengue virus infections were enrolled in a clinical dengue cohort established in Recife, Pernambuco, located at the northeastern region of Brazil. A total of 2,364 blood samples were collected, and serum, plasma, and cells were cryopreserved. Among the suspected cases, 354 (54%) were confirmed as acute DENV-3 infection based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and ELISA-IgM. According to WHO criteria, 29.4% of the positive acute cases were classified as dengue fever (DF) and 8.2% of the cases as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), grade 1 or 2. The DHF cases represent 100% of those confirmed in Recife during the period of the study. The dengue cases that did not fulfill the definition of either DHF or DF were classified as DF complicated and accounted for 44.0% of the cases. All the acute cases were classified as either primary or secondary acute dengue virus infections. Secondary infection was predominant in patients with DF; however, there was no predominance of either primary or secondary infections in patients with DHF.