ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas de los traumatismos oculares atendidos en el Instituto Regional de Oftalmología (IRO). Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo, en el cual se aplicó un protocolo estandarizado de registro de datos demográficos y clínicos de pacientes con traumatismos oculares que acudieron al servicio de emergencia del IRO, entre enero 2016 y abril 2017. Resultados: Un total de 1 288 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de selección, la edad promedio fue de 37 años, en su mayoría los afectados fueron varones (84,7 %) y el grupo etario más afectado fue el de 21 a 40 años (46,7 %). Los accidentes laborales fueron la causa más frecuente (63,7 %), ocurriendo principalmente en trabajadores de metalmecánica, construcción y albañilería; seguido de los accidentes domésticos (19,2 %). El 95,4 % fueron traumatismos cerrados, predominantemente con compromiso unilateral, ocupando el primer lugar los cuerpos extraños corneales (73,4 %), seguido de las contusiones (16,2 %). El 56,2 % de traumatismos abiertos fueron penetrantes restringiéndose el daño principalmente a la córnea (64,9 %). El 52,6 % de pacientes con traumatismo abierto terminaron con agudeza visual entre 4/200 y no percepción de luz. Conclusiones: Los traumatismos oculares cerrados fueron los más frecuentes y afectaron a pacientes jóvenes, de sexo masculino que laboraban en industria metalmecánica y construcción; siendo los cuerpos extraños corneales metálicos el principal tipo. La mayoría de los traumatismos abiertos tuvieron un pobre pronóstico visual luego de su reparación quirúrgica.
Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of eye injuries treated at Regional Ophthalmology Institute (IRO). Material and Methods: A descriptive and prospective study, in which a standardized protocol was developed to obtain and record demographic and clinical data of patients with ocular trauma who attended the emergency department of IRO between January 2016 and April 2017. Results: 1 307 patients with eye injuries were evaluated, 19 were excluded due to incomplete information, resulting in a sample of 1 288 patients, aged between 5 and 70 years, mostly of male gender (84.7 %), being more frequent patients from 21 to 40 years (46.7 %). Occupational accidents were the most frequent cause (63.7 %), occurring mainly in metal-mechanic workers, welders and workers, followed by domestic accidents (19.2 %). A total of 95.4 % were closed injuries, mostly unilateral. Corneal foreign bodies accounted of 73.4 % of cases, followed by contusions (16.2 %). 56.2 % of open-globe injuries were penetrating, restricting damage mainly to the cornea (64.9 %). 52.6 % of patients with open-globe injury ended up with visual acuity between 4/200 and no light perception). Conclusions: Closed eye injuries were the most prevalent, mainly affecting young, male patients who working in metal-mechanical and construction industry. Metallic corneal foreign bodies were the main type. The majority of open-globe trauma had a poor visual prognosis after surgical repair.
ABSTRACT
The term immunosenescence usually refers to the aging of the immune system. Aging isassociated with the progressive decline in immune function, resulting in an increasing susceptibility of the bodyto infection, taking into account the specific changes in T- cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells.Dendritic cells (DCs) are play a key role in the induction of both innate and adaptive immunity. There areimmature and mature forms located in the non-lymphatic organs and lymph nodes, respectively. DCs initiateand regulate the highly pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses, and are central to the development ofimmunologic memory and tolerance. In this text, we will briefly review DCs and changes associated withhuman aging, such as cytokine secretion, antigen capture, migration and priming of T cells. This functionaldecline would lead to major morbidity associated with infections such as influenza and pneumonia, whichaffect mucosal surfaces; in addition the increased incidence of cancer in the elderly is associated with thepotential role of DCs.
Subject(s)
Aging , Dendritic Cells , Immune System/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Patologias como diabetes mellitus que alteram o metabolismo da glicose também interferem com o metabolismo lipídico. Foram selecionados ao acaso 1000 pacientes, os quais foram classificados pela glicemia em jejum em 4 grupos: G-1 (60 - 110 mg/dL), G-2 (111 - 125 mg/dL); G-3 (126 - 139 mg/dL), and G-4 (> ou = 140 mg/dL). A glicemia e o perfil lipídico foram medidos utilizando reagentes enzimáticos (Labtest) em sistema automatizado (Selectra II/Bayer). A comparaçäo entre os grupos foi realizada através de análise de variância (Anova/Manova). Os dados da análise mostraram: 1)o grupo normoglicêmico (G-1) apresentou valores significativamente menores (p<0,001) para colesterol total, HDL-C e triglicérides em relaçäo aos demais grupos; 2)näo houve diferença significativa nos níveis de LDL-C (p<0,05) entre os grupos estudados; 3)os níveis de colesterol total e triglicérides foram significativamente diferentes (p=0,042 e p=0,015, respectivamente) nos grupos G-3 e G-4. Os dados sugerem que a reduçäo nos valores de discriminaçäo para o diabetes mellitus preconizados pela Associaçäo Americana de Diabetes (> ou = 126 mg/dL) permitem a detecçäo de indivíduos diabéticos com níveis menores de colesterol total e triglicérides quando comparados com o critério anterior, recomendado pela Organizaçäo Mundial da Saúde (> ou = 140 mg/dL)