ABSTRACT
Background: Phobia as a psychological disorder seems to be aggravated during health crises like the current COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, people's knowledge about a situation can help decrease the resulting fear. Study design: This is a cross-sectional analytical study to evaluate the COVID-19 related phobia and to measure knowledge, attitude, and practice of our target Iranian population about COVID-19. Methods: In this study, DSM-5 specific phobia questionnaire, adapted to SARS-CoV2-19 infection, was used to evaluate the COVID-19 related phobia. Moreover, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire, specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection, was applied. Results: Phobia score was significantly higher in 1st-degree relatives of healthcare staff (20.38±5.82) than healthcare staff (18.36±5.68) (p=0.021). Females showed a significantly more severe phobia (20.27±5.41) than males (17.72±5.35, p=0.001). COVID-19 phobia was significantly more severe in those with past psy-chiatric conditions than in those without psychiatric history (p<0.05). The 1st-degree relatives of healthcare staff had a significantly lower level of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection (8.19±1.65) than healthcare staff (9.08±1.28, p=0.001). Additionally, age had a positive significant correlation with knowledge and practice towards SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: Both Iranian healthcare staff and 1st-degree relatives of healthcare workers are suffering from moderate COVID-19 phobia. Females are more concerned than males about COVID-19. Phobia is more severe in people with underlying psychiatric conditions than other people. The knowledge level of Iranian healthcare workers and 1st-degree relatives of healthcare staff about COVID-19 is acceptable but it needs improvement in certain areas.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Phobic Disorders , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel/psychology , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Phobic Disorders/epidemiology , RNA, Viral , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
In this work, for the first time, an analytical four-dimensional representation for the intermolecular potential of the N(2)-CO dimer is constructed from ab initio calculations. The most stable structure of dimer is found to be a distorted T-shape conformation with CO forming the top and N(2) the leg of T. Important structures of the dimer are characterized, and surprisingly, it is found that in contrast with general assumptions, the potential energy surface of the N(2)-CO dimer has a single symmetry unique minimum. The energy profile of a minimum energy path that connects two T-shaped saddle points to the minimum structure is derived. Important structures are characterized along this path to represent the concerted internal rotation of monomers within the complex. The second virial coefficient is calculated from the fitted PES, and reasonable agreement is found with recent experimental results.
ABSTRACT
The coverage of large soft-tissue defects usually requires a large flap transfer, especially in a combination and expanded form. However, some large soft-tissue defects still cannot be covered by such flaps. In this article, we present a case of a civil war injury in a patient from Afghanistan who had severe trauma to the right knee, lower thigh, and upper leg and a marked soft-tissue defect. This large soft-tissue defect was covered with a large combined free flap of the expanded parascapular and latissimus dorsi muscle, including a large retrograde hinge flap of the tissue expander capsule and a complementary skin graft. The defect was covered completely, and the final result was excellent.
Subject(s)
Leg Injuries/surgery , Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Tissue Expansion , Adult , Contracture/surgery , Humans , Male , Microsurgery/methods , ReoperationABSTRACT
Seventy-seven skin and bone defects caused by high velocity missiles have been repaired with various combinations of microvascular free transfer of skin flaps and vascularised bone grafts. We concluded that the free osteoseptocutaneous fibula transfer (1,4) is the best method of reconstruction if a long bone defect is associated with skin loss.
