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1.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 26(6): 701-708, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37470642

ABSTRACT

Background: Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has emerged as a new thermoplastic material with potential applications as a restorative material. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal adaptation of PEEK copings compared to zirconia copings using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: A freshly extracted maxillary central incisor was prepared for a full-coverage restoration following standard principles of tooth preparation. The tooth was sent to a laboratory for fabrication of samples using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Twenty samples of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) copings (group A) and 20 of zirconia copings were fabricated (group B). The copings were scanned under a field emission scanning electron microscope and measurements were taken at four distinct points. The marginal adaptation over the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal margins for both groups was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test were applied. Results: Our findings indicate that PEEK showed better marginal adaptation than zirconia at all measurement points. The mean marginal gap value of the PEEK group was 33.99 ± 8.81 µm and of the zirconia group was 56.21 ± 15.07 µm. On comparing marginal adaptation among the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual aspects, PEEK showed better adaptation on all four margins, with the best adaptation on the buccal margin that had the lowest mean gap value of 29.27 ± 6.07 µm. The zirconia group adapted best at the distal margin, with a lowest mean gap value of 53.58 ± 15.25 µm (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: PEEK copings had better marginal adaptation and fit compared to zirconia copings. It may have applications as a restorative material in fixed prostheses.


Subject(s)
Computer-Aided Design , Polyethylene Glycols , Humans , Ketones , Zirconium , Adaptation, Psychological , Ethers
2.
Radiography (Lond) ; 29(4): 705-711, 2023 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37187068

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a technical and clinical evaluation of a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) integrated digital Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PETCT) Scanner using National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2- 2018 standards. METHODS: System sensitivity was measured by using a NEMA sensitivity phantom. Scatter fraction, count-rate performance, accuracy of count loss, and timing resolution were all computed. Clinical images were acquired and image quality was assessed and compared with published studies. RESULTS: At 1 cm, tangential, radial, and axial spatial resolutions were 3.02 mm, 3.02 mm, and 2.73 mm at full width half maximum (FWHM), respectively. Sensitivity at centre and 10 cm was 10.359 cps/kBq and 9.741 cps/kBq, respectively. The timing resolution was measured at 372 ps. CONCLUSION: The digital PETCT exhibits a high-spatial resolution and a superior timing resolution, which advances the diagnostic ability to detect small lesions and boosts the diagnostic confidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Increases clinical relevance by improving the ability to detect and differentiate tiny or low-contrast lesions without compromising radiopharmaceutical dose or overall scan time.


Subject(s)
Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Positron-Emission Tomography , Humans , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Phantoms, Imaging , Clinical Relevance
4.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 17(1): 38-42, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24326805

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The fracture of complete denture is a common occurrence in the field of prosthodontics. Often if all other criteria are met such as good aesthetics, occlusion, and functionality; denture repair is acceptable. Once denture fractures, we would want the joint surface strength to be as good as original. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different repair surface design on the transverse strength of repaired acrylic denture resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty specimens of heat-cured acrylic resin of dimension 65 mm × 20 mm × 2.5 mm were prepared using a special die. Transverse strength of 15 samples was calculated which serves as a control group. Three different types of joint surface contours were prepared each having 15 samples each as butt, round, and rabbet joint. Transverse strength of three joint contours was then compared with control group and also they were compared with each other and result was statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc ANOVA Tukey's HSD test at 5% level of significance. Z-test of proportion was also done for types of failures. RESULT: Transverse strength of original specimen was higher than that of repaired specimens. Transverse strength of round joint was higher than the butt and rabbet joint. CONCLUSION: Methods of repair have significant effect on strength of repaired denture. Round joint design of repair technique was far superior.


Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Denture Repair/methods , Dental Stress Analysis , Humans , Materials Testing , Pliability
5.
J Clin Pathol ; 62(6): 516-8, 2009 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19126563

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To determine the prevalence of colorectal polyps of different types in an unselected population, and to correlate the morphological diagnoses with BRAF mutation analysis. METHODS: Cases of colorectal polyps diagnosed at endoscopy were retrieved from the files of Southern.IML Pathology. All slides were reviewed and the lesions classified histologically. A diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma was made even if the characteristic features were present only focally. If there was more than one polyp of a particular type in any patient, one lesion was chosen at random so that the results represent the number of patients with each type of polyp rather than the total number of polyps. A proportion of the polyps was subjected to BRAF mutation analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1479 patients were identified. Non-serrated ("conventional") adenomas were found in 964 patients (65%), hyperplastic polyps in 437 (30%), sessile serrated adenomas in 57 (3.9%), traditional serrated adenomas in 11 (0.7%) and mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps in 10 (0.7%). BRAF V600E mutation analysis was performed in 148 selected cases; mutations were found in 44/49 (90%) of lesions diagnosed as sessile serrated adenoma, in 10/34 (29%) of hyperplastic polyps of microvesicular type, in 4/11 (36%) of traditional serrated adenomas, in 10/10 (100%) of mixed hyperplastic adenomatous polyps, and in 2/42 (5%) of "conventional" adenomas. CONCLUSIONS: Sessile serrated adenomas are encountered commonly in routine endoscopy practice. The histological diagnosis correlates strongly with the presence of BRAF mutation.


Subject(s)
Intestinal Polyps/pathology , Mutation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics , Adenoma/epidemiology , Adenoma/genetics , Adenoma/pathology , Age Distribution , Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Colonic Polyps/genetics , Colonic Polyps/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , DNA Mutational Analysis , Female , Humans , Intestinal Polyps/epidemiology , Intestinal Polyps/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , New South Wales/epidemiology , Prevalence
6.
J Neurol Sci ; 273(1-2): 51-6, 2008 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18675995

ABSTRACT

AIM: To elucidate the central basis of articulatory speech disorders in Parkinsonian syndromes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 18 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) were clinically evaluated for speech dysfunction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was carried out in these patients using sustained phonation and phoneme tasks. Individual and group analysis using SPM2 was done for eight patients with PD, 7 with PSP and 6 healthy controls. SETTING: Tertiary Medical Teaching Institute. RESULTS: For sustained phonation paradigm, superior temporal gyrus area was activated in PD patients, and occipital cortex in PSP subjects in comparison to controls. For phoneme paradigm, the patients with PD recruit lingual gyrus obviating the need for more efforts for the task. Also wider areas as well as more clusters were activated in PD patients compared to controls. Lingual gyrus was found to be strongly activated in PSP patients. Reduced activation of the primary areas with recruitment of remote areas was another prominent finding in PSP. Due to excessive motion (>1.5 mm, >1 degrees ) in all the MSA patients, they could not be considered for analysis. CONCLUSION: The failure of the executive fronto-striatal network would lead to increased activation of other areas in PD, but in PSP, there is a widespread cortical dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Brain Mapping , Cerebral Cortex/blood supply , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Parkinson Disease/pathology , Phonetics , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/pathology , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple System Atrophy/complications , Multiple System Atrophy/pathology , Neurologic Examination , Oxygen/blood , Parkinson Disease/complications , Speech Disorders/etiology , Speech Disorders/pathology , Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/complications
7.
Neurol India ; 54(1): 97-9, 2006 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16679657

ABSTRACT

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare congenital bone dysplasia with abnormal bony overgrowth leading to characteristic facial features and cranial nerve compression. We present a 10-year-old child with bony swelling at the nasal root since birth along with decreased hearing in both ears. She had normal developmental milestones and intelligence. On examination, she had bossing of forehead with very broad nasal root, short septum, hypertelorism and epicanthic folds. CT scan with 3D reconstruction revealed grossly thickened calvarium and hyperostosis and sclerosis of the cranial base. As the major concern of the parents was cosmetic, craniofacial reconstruction was performed with good cosmetic outcome.


Subject(s)
Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Facial Bones/surgery , Adult , Child , Facial Bones/abnormalities , Humans , Skull/abnormalities , Skull/surgery
8.
Diabetologia ; 49(4): 713-23, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16477439

ABSTRACT

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Methacholine (MC) is a nitric oxide vasodilator, but unlike other vasodilators, it potentiates insulin-mediated glucose uptake by muscle. The present study aimed to resolve whether this action was the result of a vascular effect of MC leading to increased muscle perfusion or a direct effect of MC on the myocytes. We hypothesise that vascular-mediated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake responses to MC occur at lower doses than direct myocyte MC-mediated increases in glucose uptake. METHODS: The vascular and metabolic effects of this vasodilator were examined in rats in vivo using a novel local infusion technique, and in the pump-perfused rat hindlimb under conditions of constant flow. RESULTS: Local infusion of low-dose MC (0.3 micromol/l) into the epigastric artery of one leg (test) in vivo markedly increased femoral blood flow and decreased vascular resistance, without effects in the contra-lateral leg. Capillary recruitment, but not glucose uptake, was increased in the test leg. All increases caused by MC were confined to the test leg and blocked by local infusion into the test leg of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), but not by infusion of N-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME). In the constant-flow pump-perfused rat hindlimb, infusion of 0.6 micromol/l MC vasodilated the pre-constriction effected by 70 nmol/l noradrenaline or 300 nmol/l serotonin, and this was blocked by 10 micromol/l L-NAME. 2-Deoxyglucose in muscle was increased by 30 micromol/l MC (p<0.05), but was unaffected by 3 micromol/l MC. All increases in 2-deoxyglucose uptake by 30 micromol/l MC were blocked by 10 micromol/l L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: MC has dose-dependent effects both on the vasculature and on muscle metabolism. At low dose (0.3-3 micromol/l), MC is a potent vasodilator in muscle, both in vivo and in vitro, without metabolic effects; at higher doses (> or =30 micromol/l) MC has a direct metabolic effect leading to increased glucose uptake. Both the vascular and metabolic effects are sensitive to L-NAME. The low-dose enhancement of insulin action in vivo by MC, which has been reported previously, thus seems to be attributable to vascular effects.


Subject(s)
Femoral Artery/drug effects , Femoral Artery/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Methacholine Chloride/metabolism , Methacholine Chloride/pharmacology , Muscles/drug effects , Muscles/metabolism , Animals , Glucose/pharmacology , Hindlimb/blood supply , Hindlimb/drug effects , Male , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Vasodilation/drug effects
9.
Diabetologia ; 47(12): 2226-34, 2004 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15602653

ABSTRACT

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Insulin has nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilatory effects in muscle, including capillary recruitment, that enhance access for itself and glucose. However, nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilators other than methacholine do not enhance insulin action. Our hypothesis is that methacholine, unlike bradykinin, enhances insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle by augmenting capillary recruitment. METHODS: Local infusion of either methacholine or bradykinin into one leg of the anaesthetised rat was made during physiological insulin (3 mU.kg(-1).min(-1)) infusion under euglycaemic conditions and without affecting systemic blood pressure. Whole-body glucose infusion was determined, as was femoral blood flow, 2-deoxyglucose uptake into calf muscles and the metabolism of infused 1-methylxanthine, a measure of capillary recruitment for each leg. RESULTS: Methacholine alone (0.3 micromol.l(-1)) increased femoral arterial blood flow, increased capillary recruitment but had no effect on 2-deoxyglucose uptake of the test leg relative to the contra-lateral control leg. Insulin alone (systemically) required a glucose infusion rate of 8.7 mg.kg(-1).min(-1) to maintain euglycaemia, increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake and capillary recruitment, but was without effect on femoral blood flow in either leg. Local methacholine with systemic insulin infusion increased femoral blood flow, 2-deoxyglucose uptake and capillary recruitment in the test leg only. Bradykinin (0.07 micromol.l(-1)), alone or with insulin, administered in a manner that increased femoral blood flow similarly to methacholine, did not affect 2-deoxyglucose uptake or capillary recruitment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Methacholine but not bradykinin enhances insulin-mediated muscle glucose uptake in vivo. We conclude that methacholine acts at specific sites in the vasculature of muscle to stimulate capillary recruitment and thereby enhance insulin access.


Subject(s)
Bradykinin/pharmacology , Capillaries/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Insulin/pharmacology , Methacholine Chloride/pharmacology , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Animals , Biological Transport/drug effects , Capillaries/drug effects , Glucose Clamp Technique , Hyperinsulinism , Kinetics , Male , Models, Animal , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar
12.
Med J Armed Forces India ; 53(4): 259-262, 1997 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28769507

ABSTRACT

The performance of a new anaesthesia machine was evaluated under low flow anaesthetic technique for 7 months. An assessment under low flow conditions over a definitive period can highlight the drawbacks or advantages of a machine under stringent conditions. The overall performance was satisfactory in the sense that it proved to be an efficient, reliable and safe machine. Minimum flows of oxygen and nitrous oxide that could be achieved at steady state were 0.4 L/min and 0.5 L/min respectively. At these flows the machine monitors were accurate and one could safely administer anaesthesia with a significant amount of saving of nitrous oxide. The requirement of nitrous oxide fell from 2 cylinders in a day to 2 cylinders in a week.

13.
Australas Radiol ; 38(3): 183-6, 1994 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7945110

ABSTRACT

Fourteen patients with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent hypercortisolism underwent pituitary scanning with computed axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Computed tomography revealed pituitary macroadenomas in two patients, pituitary hyperplasia in one and a suspicion of pituitary microadenoma in one. Thirteen patients underwent MRI. One with a macroadenoma diagnosed on CT did not undergo MRI. The MRI revealed a pituitary macroadenoma in one, microadenoma in three and hyperplasia in two cases. Magnetic resonance imaging following gadolinium diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (gd-DTPA) enhancement revealed four more pituitary microadenomas. All patients who had pituitary adenomas (micro and macro) and hyperplasia underwent trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. One of the two patients, who had an enlarged pituitary on imaging but no demonstrable adenoma, was found to have a microadenoma at surgery. Patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism should undergo MRI of the pituitary gland to identify/localize corticotroph pituitary adenomas. The study should include gd-DTPA enhancement in cases where the scan is normal.


Subject(s)
Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenoma/diagnosis , Adenoma/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Cushing Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Pituitary Gland/diagnostic imaging , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
Comput Med Imaging Graph ; 17(6): 461-4, 1993.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8287358

ABSTRACT

Two cases with ruptured supratentorial dermoid cysts are presented. Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance findings are illustrated. The pathology and differential diagnosis is discussed.


Subject(s)
Dermoid Cyst/diagnosis , Supratentorial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Rupture, Spontaneous , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
15.
Clin Radiol ; 48(2): 122-4, 1993 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8004890

ABSTRACT

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, hypothalamus and olfactory sulci was performed in 40 patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Twelve of these patients had an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann's syndrome). Sagittal and coronal imaging revealed no morphological abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary region. On axial imaging rudimentary, hypoplastic or aplastic olfactory sulci were found in eight cases. All patients with olfactory sulcal abnormalities had associated hyposmia (one case) or anosmia (seven cases). Structural defects identifiable on MRI were present only in 20 per cent of patients with IHH.


Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/deficiency , Hypogonadism/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Adult , Female , Humans , Hypogonadism/complications , Hypogonadism/etiology , Male , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Olfactory Bulb/abnormalities , Olfactory Bulb/pathology
16.
Indian Pediatr ; 29(4): 433-8, 1992 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1354655

ABSTRACT

We describe our experience of prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in patients of undescended testis, with a 1.5 T equipment using body coil. There were thirty two patients, aged 1.5 to 14 years with a mean age of nine years. Surgical follow up was obtained for thirty one patients. We were able to indicate the position of 26 testes in 22 patients and absence of five testes in three patients. MRI was falsely positive and negative for five and two testes, respectively. Testicular tissue at ectopic site was identified by presence of characteristic signal intensity pattern, mediastinum testis and its location along empty spermatic canal in cases of inguinal testis either singly or in combination. MRI was able to detect atrophic changes in four testes, confirmed on surgery. The study concludes that MR imaging is useful in the localization and tissue characterization of a non palpable testis. However, it is not sensitive enough for complete exclusion of the diagnosis of an undescended testis. Thus a surgical or laproscopic exploration may be needed further in selective cases for the management of patient.


Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/diagnosis , Testis/abnormalities , Abdomen , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cryptorchidism/pathology , Cryptorchidism/surgery , Diagnostic Errors , Humans , Infant , Inguinal Canal , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Prospective Studies , Testis/pathology , Testis/surgery
17.
Biol Met ; 4(3): 141-3, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1931432

ABSTRACT

Copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(L)X], where L = tridentate anion of 2-acetylpyridine N4-diethyl thiosemicarbazone and X = C1 or Br, were screened against seven fungal strains pathogenic to man viz. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Tricophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum canis. The greater growth inhibition exhibited by the bromo complex can be explained on the basis of its lower Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple and greater covalent bonding. These compounds represent a novel class of metal-based antifungal agents which provide opportunities for a large number of synthetic variations for modulation of the activities.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Copper/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Thiosemicarbazones/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiosemicarbazones/pharmacology
19.
Cancer ; 63(11): 2096-102, 1989 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2720560

ABSTRACT

Local and systemic toxicities associated with hepatic arterial infusion of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) were studied in healthy adult mongrel dogs. The animals received saline containing human serum albumin with or without rTNF (0.02, 0.2, or 2.0 mg/m2). Arteriograms were made, and blood samples were collected for hematologic and biochemical analyses at regular intervals. The dogs were killed at 1, 3, and 7 days postinfusion and complete necropsies were performed. Specimens were obtained from various tissues for histopathologic evaluation. Results indicated that all but the highest dose of rTNF were well tolerated. Severe histopathologic changes were found in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of the animals receiving 2.0 mg/m2 rTNF. In addition, focal tubular degeneration was found in one dog administered 0.2 mg/m2 rTNF. These data suggest that the upper dose limit for hepatic arterial infusion of rTNF is between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/m2 and that renal function should be closely monitored after infusion.


Subject(s)
Hepatic Artery , Infusions, Intra-Arterial , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/administration & dosage , Angiography , Animals , Blood Cell Count , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Dogs , Female , Hepatomegaly/chemically induced , Liver/blood supply , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Male , Recombinant Proteins , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/toxicity
20.
Magn Reson Imaging ; 7(3): 283-8, 1989.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2548051

ABSTRACT

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in 39 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-one sarcomas were in the lower extremity, five each in the upper extremity and trunk, two each in the neck and heart, and one each in the maxillary sinus, sella turcica, tongue, and spermatic cord. The examinations were performed with spin-echo sequences on a 1.5 Tesla Signa Scanner (GE, Milwaukee WI). Twenty-two tumors exhibited intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and 23 were of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. There was no significant differences in signal intensity of 12 preoperative and 13 recurrent neoplasms. Twelve of 13 patients were correctly diagnosed as having postoperative changes. The MR sensitivity and specificity for detecting a neoplasm were 96% and 83% respectively, but the signal changes were nonspecific for MFH. When compared to CT in 14 patients, MR better defined the extent of the MFH, its relationship to surrounding tissues and vessels, and best differentiated residual or recurrent disease from postoperative changes when examined at least 3 months after surgery.


Subject(s)
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery
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