Comparative Evaluation of an Audiovisual Distraction Aid and Print Format Entertainment on Pain Perception, Anxiety and Children Behavior in the Dental Setting.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using audio-visual entertainment aids and print format entertainment aid (comics) on children's pain and anxiety. Materials and methods: This randomized parallel trial was performed on 60 patients aged 5 and 9 years, who required pulp therapy. The study consisted of three study groups, Group 1- treatment along with PlayStation, Group-2 treatment along with comic group, and Group 3- control group (treatment without any entertainment). Results: Mean age was 7.1 ± 0.29 years. There was a significant improvement in the patients who were given treatment along with PlayStation. (p < 0.001) Statistically significant differences were found (p < 0.001) in terms of parental perception of the patient's anxiety during the visits. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that use of distraction method techniques is effective in reducing situational anxiety and parental perception of pain distress in younger children. Clinical relevance: Entertainment while treating pediatric patient can help in improving the comfort level of patient in a clinical setup. How to cite this article: Mahajan N, Kotwal B, Gupta A, et al. Comparative Evaluation of an Audiovisual Distraction Aid and Print Format Entertainment on Pain Perception, Anxiety and Children Behavior in the Dental Setting. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):54-59.

The Epiphany of Post-COVID: A Watershed for Pediatric Dentistry.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread as a pandemic throughout the world, posing a serious public health threat. Dentists appear to have a higher risk of COVID-19 exposure amongst Healthcare workers. This danger is even more magnified in pediatric dentistry since infected children typically have an asymptomatic, mild, or severe clinical viral infection and so can considerably contribute to community-based COVID-19 transmission. These are unprecedented times that require unprecedented efforts with dynamic protocols to be adopted. It is very challenging, but also an amazing opportunity to UNLEARN, RELEARN, AND REORGANIZE our approach of dental practice, so as to adapt and come at par to the emerging "NEW NORMAL". Coronavirus-" THE ENFORCER" has enforced upon us, screening of patients for COVID-19, utilization of stringent disinfection & sterilization protocols, be attired with personal protection such as PPE, N95 Mask, face shield, etc., to minimize chances of contraction or cross-contamination with social distancing and appropriate hygiene practices as a new norm. It has further enlightened the concept of "Non-aerosol" or "Minimally invasive techniques" that will possibly guide our therapeutic choices not only in the immediate future but also in the long term. The purpose of this review is to offer a compendious abridgment of literature available on COVID-19 to give an insight on recommendations that have been published about pediatric dental practice during COVID-19 and lays a concrete emphasis on the paradigm shift in the actual in-practice treatment options, to adapt to the changing circumstances during the pandemic and the times to follow, opening scenarios of prevention and cure that are more sustainable, safe, and efficient. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Gupta A, Shah SG, Kaul B, et al. The Epiphany of Post-COVID: A Watershed for Pediatric Dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(6):802-811.

Effect of Parental Employment and Family Status (Nuclear-Joint) on the Child's Oral Health in Jammu Population: A Cross-sectional Study.

This study was conducted to assess or evaluate the influence of parental employment on the child's oral and dental health. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the repercussions of working parents in Jammu belonging to nuclear and joint families on the oral and dental health of children aged 2-14. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which a total of 1,848 children were examined from March 01, 2012, to February 28, 2014, who came to seek treatment in the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, along with the accompanying parents. Assessment was based on the following parameters: dental caries, eruption status of teeth, and orthodontic status. RESULTS: Age-wise distribution of the patients was done in four groups, 2-5 years (33%), 5-8 years (30%), 8-11 years (21%), and 11-14 years (16%), and were examined as per the above-mentioned criteria. The results were compiled and statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. Children of working parents exhibited more incidence of dental caries which was statistically analyzed (p value = 0.111) and was found insignificant and when analyzed as per the retained deciduous teeth and orthodontic anomalies (p value <0.05) was found to be highly significant. Also, children belonging to the nuclear families whether employed or unemployed were found to be more affected by the above-mentioned dental diseases. CONCLUSION: It was seen that the children whose both parents were working had more incidence of dental caries, over-retained deciduous teeth, and were possessing habits that lead to orthodontic anomalies. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kaul B, Mahajan N, Kotwal B, et al. Effect of Parental Employment and Family Status (Nuclear-Joint) on the Child's Oral Health in Jammu Population: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(5):504-507.

Use of "Surface Analyzer" to evaluate the Effect of Two Polishing Systems on Surface Texture of Four Newer Composites.

Composites polymerized with a clear matrix on the surface will leave a resin-rich surface layer that is easily abraded in the oral environment, exposing unpolished, rough, inorganic filler material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polishing effect of two different polishing systems: One-step (PoGo) system and Sof-Lex (multistep) system on four different resin composites: Synergy D6, Clearfil APX Esthetics, Filtek Z 350 XT, Ceram X Mono. After polishing, the specimens were analyzed for average surface roughness using a two-dimensional surface profilometer. How to cite this article: Garg S, Goel M, Verma S, Mahajan N, Kaul B, Garg V. Use of "Surface Analyzer" to evaluate the Effect of Two Polishing Systems on Surface Texture of Four Newer Composites. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):266-270.

Comparison of endoflas and zinc oxide eugenol as root canal filling materials in primary dentition.

BACKGROUND: Zinc oxide eugenol has long been the material of choice of pediatric dentists worldwide, although it fails to meet the ideal requirements of root canal filling material for primary teeth. Endoflas, a mixture of zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and iodoform, can be considered to be an effective root canal filling material in primary teeth as compared with zinc oxide eugenol. This study was carried out to compare zinc oxide eugenol with endoflas for pulpectomy in primary dentition. AIM: The objective of the study was to compare clinically and radiographically success rates of zinc oxide eugenol with endoflas for the root canal filling of primary teeth at 3, 6, and 9 months. DESIGN: Fifty primary molars were included in the study with 26 teeth in Group I (Endoflas) and 24 in Group II (zinc oxide eugenol). A single visit pulpectomy was carried out. RESULTS: The overall success rate of zinc oxide eugenol was 83% whereas 100% success was found in the case of endoflas. The obtained results were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square test. The difference in the success rate between the two was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoflas has shown to have better results than zinc oxide eugenol. It should therefore be the material of choice for root canal treatment in deciduous dentition.

The syndrome of pit of the lower lip and its association with cleft palate.

The Van der Woude syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant developmental malformation usually associated with lower lip pits, cleft lip and palate. These congenital lip pits appear, clinically, as a malformation in the vermilion border of the lip, with or without excretion. Obligate carriers of this dominant mutation may have lip pits alone, cleft(s) alone, clefts and pits or neither. Here, we present a case report of a 10 year-old male patient with Van der Woude syndrome and a brief literature on its treatment modalities.

Effect of commonly consumed sugar containing and sugar free fruit drinks on the hydrogen ion modulation of human dental plaque.

BACKGROUND: With the increased awareness of healthy diet among the population, the intake of fruit juices as health drinks has been increased. This study has been designed to check the potential cariogenicity of fruit drinks frequently consumed by infants and young children. AIM: To compare the acidogenic potential of sugar free fruit juices with fruit juices containing sugar by evaluating the plaque pH changes, following consumption of the above drinks. DESIGN: The study was carried out on 10 children in the age group of 8-15 years. The four fruit juices used were 1) orange juice with added sugar 2) orange juice with no added sugar 3) apple juice with added sugar 4) apple juice with no added sugar. Sucrose rinse of 10% was used as control group. The endogenous pH of the fruit juices and control was assessed using digital pH meter. The plaque pH was assessed at the baseline and after the consumption of the drinks at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 minutes time interval using the plaque-harvesting technique. The obtained results were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test. RESULT: All the fruit juices showed drop in plaque pH. A drop in pH was also observed in the juices despite of no added sugar content. CONCLUSION: The fruit juices labeled with "no added sugar" or "free from added sugar", contained substantial quantities of sugar and are equally cariogenic as are fruit drinks with added sugar.