New triterpenoid saponin from the aerial part of Abrus canescens Welw ex. Bak. (Fabaceae) and their antibacterial activities.

The chemical investigation of the aerial part of Abrus canescens led to isolation of a new triterpenoid glycoside named Canescensoside (1) and four known compounds including longispinogenin-3-O-ß-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), ß-sitosterol-3-O-ß-D-glucoside (3), apigenin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4) and apigenin-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-ß-D-glucopyranoside] (5). Structures of compounds were assigned by interpretation of their spectral data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and by comparison with the reported data. The MeOH extract, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions as well as isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities against four bacteria strains among which, two Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 76110 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739) and two Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) bacteria using the broth microdilution method. The MeOH extract and EtOAc fraction exhibited significant activities (MIC values ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL) against all the tested bacteria. Compounds 2 and 3 showed the lowest MIC values of 55.47 and 50.40 µM, respectively.