Lights, camera research! Short film and social media to recruit to HIV research in Indonesia.

Introduction: HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men has increased in Indonesia, amid reports of growing stigma against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals and policies that have pushed back public health outreach to these groups. Methods: We assessed the utility of tailored short film and targeted social media engagement to recruit men who have sex with men in Indonesia to HIV social science research. A short HIV testing promotion film, anonymised short survey and invite to a wider research study was embedded on a website platform and disseminated using geo and social/community group targeting for 1 month via a social networking app and social media platforms. Results: From 3 January 2021 to 3 February 2021, there were over 2200 hits of the website within Indonesia. A total of 177 male web users who identified as men who have sex with men or preferred not to declare their sexuality, engaged by watching the short film and completing the survey, they were aged between 17 and 60 years old, of Indonesian nationality and living in Indonesia. Of these, 88% indicated having at least one HIV test in their lifetime, 66% had felt shame with respect to their sexuality and 53% indicated feeling afraid to have a HIV test. Ninety (51%) of the 177 validated using their email or mobile phone number demonstrating willingness to be contacted to join a further study. Twenty-three eligible men who have sex with men, aged 21-55 years old, joined a further social science research study. Participants were from diverse backgrounds and included men born in provinces outside Bali, of different socio-economic and employment backgrounds and diverse relationship contexts. Discussion: Engaging, empowering digital media involving key health messaging can provide health education in more effective ways, build trust and bring communities together. Targeted digital and social media approaches could reach increasingly marginalised and vulnerable communities to promote individual and public health and enable recruitment to valuable medical research.

Crystal structure of 2-benzyl-amino-4-p-tolyl-6,7-di-hydro-5H-cyclo-penta-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

The title compound, C23H21N3, comprises a 2-amino-3-cyano-pyridine ring fused with a cyclo-pentane ring. The later adopts an envelope conformation with the central methyl-ene C atom as the flap. The benzyl and and p-tolyl rings are inclined to one another by 56.18 (15)°, and to the pyridine ring by 81.87 (14) and 47.60 (11)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯Nnitrile hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R 2 (2)(12) ring motif. The dimers are linked by C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.7211 (12) Å], forming a three-dimensional framework.

Crystal structure of 2-benzyl-amino-4-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-6,7-di-hydro-5H-cyclo-penta-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

In the title compound C22H18BrN3, the cyclo-pentane ring adopts an envelope conformation with the central methyl-ene C atom as the flap. The dihedral angles between the central pyridine ring and the pendant benzyl and and bromo-benzene rings are 82.65 (1) and 47.23 (1)°, respectively. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯Nn (n = nitrile) hydrogen bonds generate R 2 (2)(12) loops. These dimers are linked by weak π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.7713 (14) Å] into a layered structure.

Crystal structures of 2-benzyl-amino-4-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetra-hydro-5H-cyclo-hepta-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile and 2-benzyl-amino-4-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetra-hydro-5H-cyclo-hepta[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

In the title compounds, C24H22BrN3, (I), and C24H22ClN3, (II), the 2-amino-pyridine ring is fused with a cyclo-heptane ring, which adopts a half-chair conformation. The planes of the phenyl and benzene rings are inclined to that of the central pyridine ring [r.m.s. deviations = 0.0083 (1) and 0.0093 (1) Šfor (I) and (II), respectively] by 62.47 (17) and 72.51 (14)°, respectively, in (I), and by 71.44 (9) and 54.90 (8)°, respectively, in (II). The planes of the aromatic rings are inclined to one another by 53.82 (17)° in (I) and by 58.04 (9)° in (II). In the crystals of both (I) and (II), pairs of N-H⋯Nnitrile hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming inversion dimers with R 2 (2)(12) ring motifs. In (I), the resulting dimers are connected through C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to (10-1), and π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.7821 (16) Å] involving inversion-related pyridine rings, forming a three-dimensional network. In (II), the resulting dimers are connected through π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.771 (2) Å] involving inversion-related pyridine rings, forming a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (001).

Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-4-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-2-imino-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octa-hydro-cyclo-octa-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

The title compound, C25H24ClN3, comprises a 2-imino-pyridine ring fused with a cyclo-octane ring, which adopts a twist boat-chair conformation. In the crystal, C-H⋯N inter-actions form R 2 (2)(14) ring motifs and mol-ecules are further connected by weak C-H⋯π inter-actions. The resulting supra-molecular structure is a two-dimensional framework parallel to the ab plane.

Isotypic crystal structures of 1-benzyl-4-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-2-imino-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octa-hydro-cyclo-octa-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile and 1-benzyl-4-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-2-imino-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octa-hydro-cyclo-octa-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

The mol-ecules of the two isotypic title compounds, C25H24BrN3, (I), and C25H24FN3, (II), comprise a 2-imino-pyridine ring fused with a cyclo-octane ring. In (I), the cyclo-octane ring adopts a twisted chair-chair conformation, while in (II), this ring adopts a twisted boat-chair conformation. The dihedral angles between the planes of the pyridine ring and the bromo-benzene and phenyl rings are 80.14 (12) and 71.72 (13)°, respectively, in (I). The equivalent angles in (II) are 75.25 (8) and 68.34 (9)°, respectively. In both crystals, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C-H⋯N inter-actions generate R 2 (2)(14) loops, which are further connected by weak C-H⋯π inter-actions, generating (110) sheets.

Crystal structure of 1-benzyl-4-(2,4-di-chloro-phenyl)-2-imino-1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10-octa-hydro-cyclo-octa-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

In the title compound, C25H23Cl2N3, the cyclo-octene ring adopts a twist chair-chair conformation. The dihedral angles between the central pyridine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 Å) and the pendant chloro-benzene and benzyl rings are 78.07 (11) and 87.47 (12)°, respectively. No directional inter-actions could be identified in the crystal and the packing is governed by van der Waals inter-actions.

4-(2-Fluoro-phen-yl)-2-meth-oxy-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexa-hydro-cyclo-octa-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

In the title compound, C19H19FN2O, the cyclo-octene ring adopts a twisted boat-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the plane of the fluorophenyl substituent and that of the pyridine ring is 76.39 (8)°. The F and ortho-H atoms of the fluoro-benzene ring are disordered, with occupancy factors of 0.226 (5) and 0.774 (5). In the crystal, no significant inter-actions are observed between the mol-ecules beyond van der Waals contacts.

2-Meth-oxy-4-(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexa-hydro-cyclo-octa-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

In the title compound, C20H22N2O2, the central pyridine ring forms a dihedral angle of 76.32 (8)° with the pseudo-axial benzene ring. The cyclo-octane ring adopts a twisted boat chair conformation. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions between inversion-related mol-ecules result in the formation of linear double chains along the b-axis direction.

C-H···O and C-H···N interactions in three hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitriles.

The structures of three new pyridine derivatives, 2-methoxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, C20H22N2O2, (I), 2-ethoxy-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, C20H21N3O3, (II), and 2-ethoxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile, C21H24N2O2, (III), differ in the nature of the substituents either at the 2-position of the central pyridine ring or on the pendent aryl ring. This simple change in the structure substantially alters the intermolecular interaction patterns. The substituted phenyl group adopts a synclinal geometry with respect to the plane of the pyridine ring in all three compounds. In (I), a C-H···N interaction results in a one-dimensional chain parallel to the b axis. In (II), there are two C-H···N(nitrile) interactions from different symmetry-related molecules, resulting in a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane. There is also a weak C-H···O interaction from the ethoxy group to an adjacent nitro O atom. The present work is an example of how the simple replacement of a substituent in the main molecular scaffold may transform the structure type, paving the way for a variety of supramolecular motifs and consequently altering the complexity of the intermolecular interaction patterns.

Crystal structure of 2-benzyl-amino-4-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetra-hydro-5H-cyclo-hepta-[b]pyridine-3-carbo-nitrile.

The title compound, C25H25N3O, comprises a 2-amino-pyridine ring fused with a cyclo-heptane ring, which adopts a chair conformation. The central pyridine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 Å) carries three substituents, viz. a benzyl-amino group, a meth-oxy-phenyl ring and a carbo-nitrile group. The N atom of the carbo-nitrile group is significantly displaced [by 0.2247 (1) Å] from the plane of the pyridine ring, probably due to steric crowding involving the adjacent substituents. The phenyl and benzene rings are inclined to one another by 58.91 (7)° and to the pyridine ring by 76.68 (7) and 49.80 (6)°, respectively. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯Nnitrile hydrogen bonds generate R 2 (2)(14) loops. The dimers are linked by C-H⋯π and slipped parallel π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.6532 (3) Å] into a three-dimensional structure.

rac-2-Hy-droxy-2-(2-oxocyclo-pent-yl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione.

In the title compound, C(14)H(12)O(4), the indene unit is essentially planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0309 (1) Å] and the cyclo-penta-none ring adopts a twist form. In the crystal, mol-ecules are joined via pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric dimers.