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INTRODUCTION: Hydatidosis, a distinctive parasitic ailment, exhibits a broad range of imaging characteristics influenced by the growth stage, resultant complications, and tissue involvement. Its occurrence throughout the human anatomy underscores its ubiquitous propensity. Despite its relatively infrequent manifestation as diffuse hydatosis, the disease assumes particular significance in rural regions. Given its detrimental complications and resemblance to other cystic conditions, vigilance towards the potential presence of this ailment becomes imperative.
Case Presentation: In 2022, a 12-year-old female patient residing in a village sought medical assistance for left flank pain. During the evaluation, an incidental discovery of a pancreatic cyst through sonography prompted further investigation. Subsequent abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans identified multiple lesions consistent with hydatid cysts in various anatomical locations, including the pancreas, right atrium, ventricle of the heart, pericardium, and lung. Confirmation of the hydatid cysts was obtained through pathology examination and consideration of the patient's medical history, which included a previously diagnosed brain hydatid cyst. Treatment with albendazole was initiated, and the patient underwent cardiac surgical intervention. Unfortunately, the condition of the patient deteriorated, leading to septic shock and subsequent mortality. Conclusion: In areas with a high prevalence of hydatid cysts, the presence of diverse lesions on radiologic assessments, despite negative serologic tests, should raise suspicion for this condition. Furthermore, understanding the importance of timely detection and intervention is crucial, as it greatly impacts patient prognosis,. In the advanced stages of the disease, particularly when cardiac involvement occurs, surgical excision of the cysts remains the sole therapeutic approach, albeit accompanied by certain complications. Through the utilization of various imaging modalities and early recognition and treatment, the need for more complex interventions can be minimized.ABSTRACT
The pandemic of COVID-19 along with high use of corticosteroids resulted in the emergence of invasive fungal infection. Here, we reported the radiologic feature of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected cases and reviewed with available literature.
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Background: Ultrasound evaluation of normal, ectopic, asymmetric, and hyperplastic thymus and also its differentiation from abnormalities are challenging in children, and few studies have addressed this issue. This study aimed to investigate the thymus sonographic changes with age. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 118 healthy children were categorised into six age groups. Sonographic features of the thymus, including volume, anatomical position, symmetry, and echo-texture, were recorded. Results: The thymus was visible at all ages from the suprasternal view. In 77.5% of participants, the thymus gland volume in lobes was symmetrical; however, left (21.2%) and right (1.3%) predominance were also found. The most common position of the thymus was in front of the great vessels (100%) with suprasternal extension (97.5%). The mean volume of thymus was 21.3 ± 10.5 (mm). There was no significant difference in the volumes of the thymus between different age groups. The predominant echo-texture of the thymus in different age groups was hypoechoic with thin echogenic septa (liver-like) in below 2-3 years of age, the appearance of echogenic foci and hyperechoic echo-texture (liver-like with starry sky) in 2-14 years, and uniform hyperechoic echo-texture (fatty liver-like) or geographic echo-texture with coarse reticular pattern in above 14 years. Conclusion: In children, the thymus gland is visible in ultrasound examination in all age groups from the suprasternal view; however, the echo-texture of the normal thymus changes with age. There was no significant correlation between age and sex with total thymic volume. The specificity of these appearances has made ultrasound a problem-solving modality in children.
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Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) results from development of abnormal connections between veins and arteries. This study reported anAVM case suffering from dysgraphia and dysprosody. According to the results after the trauma, the patient's handwriting was identified as macrographic and illegible, and written letters and verbs were neglected in free writing or dictation. Moreover, prosody of the patient's utterances was changed. Finally, an intervention was conducted to improve the writing impairments whereby they eventually enhanced. AVM can adversely affect communication opportunities and working life due to these impairments. Thus referring the patient to speech and language pathologists seems sensible and necessary.
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Agraphia , Arteriovenous Malformations , Agraphia/etiology , Handwriting , Humans , LanguageABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The gold standard for the diagnosis of lung cancer is conducting a histopathologic study. It is also diagnosed based on some features of a computed tomography (CT) scan. Imposed radiation is a prominent side effect of a CT scan. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images have currently been used in the diagnosis of different lesions, including those of the brain and breast, and their uses in lung lesions are being evaluated. In this study, to find a safe, sensitive, and specific method, we aimed to assess DWI imaging to replace the CT scan and the positron emission tomography scan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 29 patients were enrolled in the study. In b800 images in DWI, spinal cord and lesion signals were measured, and the lesion-to-cord-signal ratio (LCR) was calculated. The ADC value was measured in a quantitative way. Lesions were also graded qualitatively in b800 DWI sequences. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between malignant and benign lesions in terms of DWI grading in b800 images (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between ADC means of a malignant and benign lesion (p=0.003). The mean LCR for malignant lung lesions was significantly higher than that of the benign ones (p<0.001). Considering Grade 3 as the cutoff in DWI grading results in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 89%, 90%, and 89.6%, respectively. For ADC values, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 79%, 80%, and 79.3%, respectively, were obtained when the cutoff was 1.027×10-3 sec/mm2. The sensitivity of 84%, the specificity of 90%, and the accuracy of 86.2% were calculated for the LCR in a cutoff of 0.983. In this study, all three parameters had an area under the curve of ≥0.8, meaning that these variables were valuable for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive tool, with no contrast agent and requiring ionizing radiations, which could be used for the qualitative, quantitative, and semiquantitative assessment of pulmonary lesions.
