All India Ophthalmological Society - Oculoplastics Association of India consensus statement on preferred practices in oculoplasty and lacrimal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Oculoplastic surgeries encompass both emergency surgeries for traumatic conditions and infectious disorders as well as elective aesthetic procedures. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a drastic change in this practice. Given the highly infectious nature of the disease as well as the global scarcity of medical resources; it is only prudent to treat only emergent conditions during the pandemic as we incorporate evidence-based screening and protective measures into our practices. This manuscript is a compilation of evidence-based guidelines for surgical procedures that oculoplastic surgeons can employ during the COVID-19 pandemic. These guidelines also serve as the basic framework upon which further recommendations may be based on in the future, as elective surgeries start being performed on a regular basis.

Prepucial skin graft for forniceal and socket reconstruction in complete cryptophthalmos with congenital cystic eye.

We report the case of a 23-day-old boy with unilateral complete cryptophthalmos and congenital cystic eye, who had no associated systemic anomalies. We describe the technique of socket reconstruction with autologous prepucial skin graft used in this patient.

Cystic schwannoma of the orbit-a case series.

A schwannoma is an uncommon benign orbital tumor that arises from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Schwannoma with cystic degeneration is an even more rarely reported entity. Clinical examination alone is inadequate for the diagnosis. Radiological examination, like computed tomography (CT) scans, can help in the diagnosis; however, the diagnosis can only be confirmed by histopathological examination (HPE) after excision biopsy. Here, the authors report four cases of orbital schwannoma with cystic degeneration that presented with proptosis and decreased vision. CT scans showed a well-defined non-enhancing intraconal mass with cystic spaces. The histopathological examination was diagnostic for orbital schwannoma with cystic degeneration. Schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic orbital lesions.

Thrombosed orbital varix -- a correlation between imaging studies and histopathology.

A thrombosed varix in the orbit is comparatively rare. Clinical examination alone is often inadequate for diagnosis. Radio-logical examination, such as a computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbit, is extremely important. Histopathological examination (HPE) after excision biopsy can confirm the diagnosis. The present authors describe a case of proptosis in the left eye of a 45-year-old man. CT-scan and HPE supported the diagnosis of a thrombosed orbital varix. This paper discusses the use of radiological investigations to supplement a clinical suspicion and make the diagnosis. This entity needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of proptosis and requires a coordinated approach for establishment of the diagnosis.

Recurrent mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid.

A case of recurrent mucinous carcinoma of the lid in a 40-year-old male is reported. Clinical differential diagnosis and histopathologic features are discussed.

Chloroma of the orbit in a non-leukemic adult: A case report.

Granulocytic sarcoma has been reported as an isolated lesion in non-leukemic patients. However, the majority of these subjects develop acute leukemia within a mean interval of 10.5 months from the time of diagnosis. We present a case of granulocytic sarcoma of the orbit in a non-leukemic patient who was treated with chemotherapy and is doing well after a 2-year period. Patients who do not develop leukemia have a better prognosis. Appropriate treatment is delayed in most cases because of a high rate of misdiagnosis.

Malignant teratoma of the orbit: a clinicopathological study of a case.

PURPOSE: To present a case of malignant sarcomatous changes in an orbital teratoma with clinicopathological correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective interventional case report. RESULTS: A 10-month-old child presented with protrusion of the left eye of 8 months duration. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed a heterogeneous retrobulbar mass in the left orbit. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealed sarcomatous cells. The child was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy with a provisional diagnosis of sarcoma. However, as the proptosis worsened, a repeat CT scan showed a possibility of an intracranial extension. Exenteration was done. Histopathological examination revealed a teratoma with (malignant) sarcomatous changes. The child is doing well at 3 years follow-up with no recurrences. CONCLUSION: Orbital teratomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all neonatal orbital masses. Although rare, malignant changes can occur in teratomas. FNAB is not helpful in the diagnosis. Surgical excision of the mass is recommended for a definitive diagnosis. Although the prognosis of orbital teratoma is good, there is always a chance of vision loss.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit: a clinicopathologic study of six cases with review of the literature.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit is a rare spindle cell neoplasm. There are 42 cases of solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit available in the literature. We present six more cases of orbital solitary fibrous tumors, which presented to our institute between 1999 and 2001. We highlight the need for clinical recognition of these tumors as a distinct entity and inclusion of this tumor in the etiological differential diagnosis of well-circumscribed orbital lesions presenting as unilateral proptosis in both children and in adults. The diagnosis may be suspected based on radiological features supported by histopathologic and immunohistochemical study. The strong CD34 immunoreactivity of this tumor supports its diagnosis. Complete surgical resection is the most important prognostic factor of this tumor.

Role of ultrasound and CT-scan in diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the orbit.

Hydatid cyst of the orbit is a rare cause of proptosis, even in endemic countries like India. We report two histopathologically proven cases with ultrasonographic and computerized tomographic correlations. Both patients had marked dimness of vision and disc edema. One of them did not regain vision following cyst removal because of optic atrophy. The two cases indicate that hydatid cyst should be retained as a differential diagnosis of unilateral proptosis with disc edema. A combined ultrasound and CT-scan should be done to establish the diagnosis. An attempt should also be made at complete surgical removal of the cyst.

Primary liposarcoma of the orbit: a clinicopathological study.

Primary liposarcoma of the orbit is a rare tumour. There are very few cases of orbital liposarcoma reported in the literature, mostly of the myxoid variety. In this paper, the authors report the clinical presentation, histopathological features, results of diagnostic studies and management of a case of orbital low grade myxoliposarcoma with local recurrence, together with a review of the literature.