Augmented Reality-Centered Position Navigation for Wearable Devices with Machine Learning Techniques.

People have always relied on some form of instrument to assist them to get to their destination, from hand-drawn maps and compasses to technology-based navigation systems. Many individuals these days have a smartphone with them at all times, making it a common part of their routine. Using GPS technology, these cellphones offer applications such as Google Maps that let people find their way around the outside world. Indoor navigation, on the other hand, does not offer the same level of precision. The development of indoor navigation systems is continuously ongoing. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RFID, and computer vision are some of the existing technologies used for interior navigation in current systems. In this article, we discuss the shortcomings of current indoor navigation solutions and offer an alternative approach based on augmented reality and ARCore. Navigating an indoor environment is made easier with ARCore, which brings augmented reality to your smartphone or tablet.

IntOPMICM: Intelligent Medical Image Size Reduction Model.

Due to the increasing number of medical imaging images being utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, lossy or improper image compression has become more prevalent in recent years. The compression ratio and image quality, which are commonly quantified by PSNR values, are used to evaluate the performance of the lossy compression algorithm. This article introduces the IntOPMICM technique, a new image compression scheme that combines GenPSO and VQ. A combination of fragments and genetic algorithms was used to create the codebook. PSNR, MSE, SSIM, NMSE, SNR, and CR indicators were used to test the suggested technique using real-time medical imaging. The suggested IntOPMICM approach produces higher PSNR SSIM values for a given compression ratio than existing methods, according to experimental data. Furthermore, for a given compression ratio, the suggested IntOPMICM approach produces lower MSE, RMSE, and SNR values than existing methods.

Empirical Analysis of Apnea Syndrome Using an Artificial Intelligence-Based Granger Panel Model Approach.

Sleep apnea is a serious sleep disorder that occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. People with untreated sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep. This study provides an empirical analysis of apnea syndrome using the AI-based Granger panel model approach. Data were collected from the MIT-BIH polysomnographic database (SLPDB). The panel is composed of eighteen patients, while the implementation was done using MATLAB software. The results show that, for the eighteen patients with sleep apnea, there was a significant relationship between ECG-blood pressure (BP), ECG-EEG, and EEG-blood pressure (BP). The study concludes that the long-term interaction between physiological signals can help the physician to understand the risks associated with these interactions. The study would assist physicians to understand the mechanisms underlying obstructive sleep apnea early and also to select the right treatment for the patients by leveraging the potential of artificial intelligence. The researchers were motivated by the need to reduce the morbidity and mortality arising from sleep apnea using AI-enabled technology.

Clinical Text Data Categorization and Feature Extraction Using Medical-Fissure Algorithm and Neg-Seq Algorithm.

A large amount of patient information has been gathered in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) concerning their conditions. An EHR, as an unstructured text document, serves to maintain health by identifying, treating, and curing illnesses. In this research, the technical complexities in extracting the clinical text data are removed by using machine learning and natural language processing techniques, in which an unstructured clinical text data with low data quality is recognized by Halve Progression, which uses Medical-Fissure Algorithm which provides better data quality and makes diagnosis easier by using a cross-validation approach. Moreover, to enhance the accuracy in extracting and mapping clinical text data, Clinical Data Progression uses Neg-Seq Algorithm in which the redundancy in clinical text data is removed. Finally, the extracted clinical text data is stored in the cloud with a secret key to enhance security. The proposed technique improves the data quality and provides an efficient data extraction with high accuracy of 99.6%.

Impact of COVID-19 in gynaecological oncology care: a systematic rapid review.

PURPOSE: Synthesis of available evidence on clinical practice in gynaecological oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic is highly warranted, as women with cancer are at increased risk due to their systemic immunosuppressed state and changes in their care are inevitable. Rapid review of available data is a quick way of providing useful information and insight into the way medical practice has been affected by the COVID pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a systematic rapid review, based on a literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We considered all studies on gynaecological oncology care during the COVID-19 pandemic using relevant keywords and MeSH terms. Selection criteria were English language, studies with more than five cases and publication in peer-review journal. RESULTS: Nine retrospective studies, one systematic review and five questionnaire surveys were included. Quality of the studies has been assessed. Development of higher quality evidence is warranted. Mortality of COVID-19 infection is higher in patients with gynaecological cancer than in non-cancer patients. Reported delays in diagnosis and management of cancer and changes in treatments, may affect the natural history of cancer and increase patients' anxiety and fear of disease progression while causing concerns to healthcare professionals affecting their clinical practice. The number of new diagnoses has declined. Prioritization is important, face-to-face interactions should be limited, and appropriate protective measures are essential. Cancer surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy should continue as high priority practices. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected clinical practice significantly. Adaptations in clinical practice may improve mortality and complication rates.

Optimized Tree Strategy with Principal Component Analysis Using Feature Selection-Based Classification for Newborn Infant's Jaundice Symptoms.

One of the most important and difficult research fields is newborn jaundice grading. The mitotic count is an important component in determining the severity of newborn jaundice. The use of principal component analysis (PCA) feature selection and an optimal tree strategy classifier to produce automatic mitotic detection in histopathology images and grading is given. This study makes use of real-time and benchmark datasets, as well as specific approaches for detecting jaundice in newborn newborns. According to research, the quality of the feature may have a negative impact on categorization performance. Additionally, compressing the classification method for exclusive main properties can result in a classification performance bottleneck. As a result, identifying appropriate characteristics for training the classifier is required. By combining a feature selection method with a classification model, this is possible. The major outcomes of this study revealed that image processing techniques are critical for predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Image processing is a method of translating analogue images to digital formats and manipulating them. The primary goal of medical image processing is to collect information useful for disease detection, diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Image datasets can be used to validate the performance of newborn jaundice detection. When compared to conventional approaches, it offers results that are accurate, quick, and time efficient. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, which are common performance indicators, were also predictive.

Cervical glandular neoplasia referrals and the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ: Correlating cytology, colposcopy findings, and clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical outcomes of women with possible glandular neoplasia of endocervical type on cervical cytology, and review all diagnoses of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) over a 5 year period at our institution. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case-note review was conducted of all women referred to colposcopy with possible glandular neoplasia of endocervical type on cervical cytology or diagnosed with cervical AIS after biopsy or excision, from January 2014 until December 2018 in a London district hospital. RESULTS: Of 55 women referred with possible glandular neoplasia of endocervical type, 47 (85.4%) had a significant pathology on histopathological analysis: AIS (n = 22); invasive cancer (n = 7); high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 18). Women with a history of borderline abnormality on cervical cytology within the last 5 years were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with AIS or invasive cancer (P < .05). For the same period 49 women had histologically proven AIS. Among these 22 (44.8%) were referred as possible cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia. Other reasons for referral were the following indications: borderline dyskaryosis (n = 13); high-grade dyskaryosis (n = 8); low-grade dyskaryosis (n = 4); postcoital bleeding (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Due to the raised risk of significant gynaecological pathology in women with possible glandular neoplasia of endocervical type on cervical cytology, excisional biopsy is essential. Colposcopic impression varies significantly and complete excision of the abnormal lesions should be achieved. AIS is a histological diagnosis and should always be considered during colposcopical and cytopathological assessment.

Presentation of an open entry technique for laparoscopy through a congenital defect in the umbilical fascia.

OBJECTIVE: We present and describe a modification of the Hasson open entry technique to gain access to the abdominal cavity for laparoscopy in which a congenital defect in the umbilical fascia is identified for entry into the peritoneum and insertion of the primary port. METHODS: A single centre, prospective, observational, pilot study has been conducted with no change in clinical practice. Data regarding the success of the technique, time to laparoscope insertion, complications and patient risk factors were collected and presented. RESULTS: The team enrolled 114 patients that had the St Helier technique attempted for entry in the abdominal cavity. Entry was achieved for all patients. The technique had 82.5 % success rate while this reduced to 65 % in patients with previous laparoscopies. The mean time to insertion of the laparoscope was 220 s, and there was no significant difference in success with variation in BMI. We recorded no minor or significant intra-operative complications. The superficial wound infection rate was 2.6 % with no other postoperative complications identified at 6-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The presented technique is a safe and successful method of laparoscopic entry with a presumed shorter time until laparoscope insertion than other techniques used. The absence of complications could be attributed to the avoidance of sharp dissection of the umbilical fascia. The less invasive nature could reduce risks of hematoma, infection or hernia that are associated with the standard entry techniques used. Formal studies of long-term outcomes are required, as well as evaluating use in emergency and contaminated cases.

Fast and Secure Medical Image Encryption Based on Non Linear 4D Logistic Map and DNA Sequences (NL4DLM_DNA).

This paper proposes an innovative image cryptosystem algorithm using the properties of the block encryption, 4D logistic map and DNA systems. Multiple key sequences are generated and pixel substitution is performed by using nonlinear 4D logistic map, then encryption is performed by using DNA rules to ensure that the different blocks are encrypted securely. The results of the experiment indicate that the proposed Non Linear 4D Logistic Map and DNA (NL4DLM_DNA) sequence based algorithm gives better performance, which is analyzed on the basis of security, quality, attack resilience, diffusion and running time as compared to some previous works.

Concurrent use of a robotic uterine manipulator and a robotic laparoscope holder to achieve assistant-less solo laparoscopy: the double ViKY.

Three patients requiring gynecological surgery had uterine manipulation using a VCare(®) controlled by a ViKY(®) at the same time as having a ViKY(®) robotic arm controlling the laparoscope. The setup time for each varied from 6-9 min for the uterine manipulator and 3-5 min for the laparoscope holder. In all cases (one endometriosis and two dermoid cysts) the operative field was good. Two patients were discharged within 24 h of surgery. One patient required an extra day in hospital after she went into acute urinary retention once the catheter was removed. This work demonstrated that assistant-less solo gynecological surgery is feasible using two ViKY robotic arms for both uterine manipulation and laparoscope holding.

Development of tetracycline-serratiopeptidase-containing periodontal gel: formulation and preliminary clinical study.

The purpose of this research was to reduce the polymer concentration and to obtain reasonable viscosity at a lower concentration of pluronic by the addition of a viscosity modifier. A 20% wt/wt pluronic gel was prepared on a weight basis using the cold method. The effect of the amount of tetracycline and Aerosil on gel properties was studied. The gel was evaluated using different parameters: polarizing microscopy, gelation, gel melting, bioadhesivity, viscosity, drug release, and stability of enzyme. An in vivo study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficiency of the liquid crystalline gel. Addition of Aerosil to the gel favored hexagonal phase formation. Viscosity and bioadhesivity increased with an increase in the concentration of Aerosil. Release of tetracycline was sustained as the concentration of Aerosil increased. Various clinical parameters confirmed the acceptability and efficiency of this gel system.

Design and evaluation of celecoxib porous particles using melt sonocrystallization.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the article was to study melt sonocrystallization (MSC) for a drug forming a viscous melt when processed below its glass transition temperature. METHODS: A molten mass of drug was poured in a vessel containing deionized water, maintained at 40 degrees C using cryostatic bath, and sonicated for 1 min using probe ultrasonicator at an amplitude of 80% and a cycle of 0.8 per second. The product obtained after solidification of dispersed droplets was separated by filtration and dried at room temperature. MSC celecoxib was characterized by solubility determination, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and stability study. RESULTS: The MSC technique was designed for celecoxib, which undergoes fast solidification. The particles obtained by MSC were porous, irregular in shape, and amorphous in nature. An increase in the apparent solubility was observed for the MSC particles. These amorphous particles also exhibited a higher stability in the amorphous state as compared with particles obtained by melt quenching. CONCLUSIONS: The reported MSC technique for celecoxib demonstrates advantages over other approaches and can be exploited in area of particle design for the amorphization of drugs.

Preparation and characterization of pluronic-colloidal silicon dioxide composite particles as liquid crystal precursor.

The purpose of this study was to produce spray-dried Pluronic-colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil) composite particles as a liquid crystal precursor that would form a liquid crystalline phase upon hydration. A Pluronic-colloidal silicon dioxide dispersion in isopropyl alcohol was spray-dried to obtain composite particles using different concentrations of Aerosil. Polarizing microscopy, gelation, gel melting, and rheological studies were employed to characterize the composite particles. The composite particles obtained were irregular, with concave depression. Gelation was found to decrease with the addition of Aerosil, while gel melting was found to increase with the concentration of Aerosil. Rheological studies showed an increase in elasticity as well as viscosity with an increase in the concentration of Aerosil. Composite particles showed improved gelation and rheological properties. These composite particles and the process by which they were obtained may be useful for designing various drug delivery systems.

Melt solidification technique: incorporation of higher wax content in ibuprofen beads.

The purpose of this study was to achieve incorporation of a higher amount of wax during the preparation of ibuprofen beads by a melt solidification technique for better integrity and prolonged drug release by using a combination of waxes. A mixture of cetyl alcohol (CA) and palmitic acid (PA) was used to improve the matrix integrity and drug release. The effect of variables such as CA, PA, and speed of agitation were studied using 3(3) factorial design. Yield, crushing strength, and drug release were analyzed using response surface methodology. The in vitro dissolution test did not show any significant improvement in the drug release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that beads were spherical with a smooth surface, but after dissolution became rough and porous. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed that different solidification and erosion properties of waxes are responsible for the inability of waxes to retard drug release even at higher concentration.

Preparation and characterization of ibuprofen-cetyl alcohol beads by melt solidification technique: effect of variables.

Ibuprofen (IBU) exhibits short half-life, poor compressibility, flowability and caking tendency. IBU melt has sufficiently low viscosity and exhibits interfacial tension sufficient to form droplet even at low temperature. A single step novel melt solidification technique (MST) was developed to produce IBU beads with lower amounts of excipient. Effect of variables was studied using a 3(2) factorial approach with speed of agitation and amount of cetyl alcohol (CA) as variables. The beads were evaluated using DSC, FT-IR and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Yield, micromeritic properties, crushing strength and release kinetics were also studied. Spherical beads with a method yield of above 90% were obtained. The data was analyzed by response surface methodology. The variables showed curvilinear relationship with yield in desired particle size range, crushing strength and, bulk and tap density. The drug release followed non-Fickian case II transport and the release rate decreased linearly with respect to amount of CA in the initial stages followed by curvilinearity at later stages of elution. The effect of changing porosity and tortuosity was well correlated.

Preparation and evaluation of ibuprofen beads by melt solidification technique.

A novel single step melt solidification technique was developed for ibuprofen. DSC studies designed to elucidate the effect of isothermal holding time showed that the extent of crystallization increased with holding time. Agitation speed and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were found to reduce the time required for crystallization. The excipient-free, non-disintegrating beads were irregular in shape with high mechanical strength and acceptable flowability. Slow dissolution from beads was attributed to the compactness and higher bond strength of the beads.

Preparation and characterization of flurbiprofen beads by melt solidification technique.

A melt solidification technique has been developed to obtain sustained-release waxy beads of flurbiprofen. Low glass transition temperature (t(g)) and shear-induced crystallization of flurbiprofen made it a suitable candidate for melt solidification technique. The process involved emulsification and solidification of flurbiprofen-cetyl alcohol melt at significantly low temperature (5 degrees C). The effect of variables, namely, the amount of cetyl alcohol and the speed of agitation, was studied using 3(2)factorial design. The technique and the beads were evaluated on the basis of process and desired yield, surface topography, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size distribution, crushing strength, and drug release. Average values for process and desired yields were 97% wt/wt and 26% wt/wt, respectively. No interaction was observed between drug and excipient. Multiple regression analysis was carried out, and response surfaces were obtained. A curvilinear relationship was observed between percentage of desired yield and the amount of cetyl alcohol. Linear decrease in crushing strength was observed with increase in the amount of cetyl alcohol. Drug released from the beads followed zero order kinetics. Burst release was shown to a greater extent in beads containing a lower amount of cetyl alcohol. Response surfaces of time required for certain percentage of drug (t(D)%) showed that after critical concentration of about 20% of cetyl alcohol (400 mg/batch), no significant release retardant effect was observed.