Investigation of long- and short-term relationships between cesarean delivery and its effective factors in Malayer.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, there has been significant increase in the number of operated cesarean compared to the overall number of birth giving. There are several factors affecting the operated cesarean in Iran compared to the birth giving which are to be reviewed in this study. PROCEDURE: The data of the study has been obtained from the registered information in Assistance Section of Health at Hamedan Faculty of Medicine which includes the seasonal data having to do with giving birth of Malayer since the beginning of Winter 2006 to the end of Fall 2013. The assimilation techniques, namely ARDL method and Error Correction Method (ECM) are the main methods to be used in this study. RESULTS: The short-term and long-term coefficients of abnormal view, incongruent status of fetus and pelvis, lack of progression, and the lengthy status are considered significant statistically. The ecm coefficient is -1.3456 in short-term. Also, his coefficient is significant which shows the short-term balance trend to the long-term one. CONCLUSION: The most indispensable affective factor on demanding to run the cesarean operation in short-term and long-term in Malayer are the lengthy-status, lack of progression, abnormal view, and incongruent status of fetus and pelvis, respectively. 

Experimental study of generalized self-filtering unstable resonators in an ablative-wall flash-lamp-pumped dye laser.

The performance of a generalized self-filtering unstable resonator (GSFUR) that consists of two curved mirrors in a nonconfocal scheme with a low magnification of M = -1.62 in an ablative-wall flash-lamp dye laser is reported. The objective was to study the near- and far-field intensity distribution and the divergence of the laser beam. It was found that the output beam has a nearly Gaussian distribution with a pulse duration of ~400 ns FWHM, almost independent of the diameter of the field-limiting aperture, but increases slightly with the pumping rate. A diffraction-limited laser beam of 1.1 mrad was obtained from this laser cavity. The output energy was ~1 mJ when an intracavity glass plate was used as an output coupler. The required relations needed for the GSFUR design were also derived.