ABSTRACT
The fundamental goal of this research was to use an environmentally friendly sonochemical method to synthesize a Fe3O4/CuO/chitosan magnetic nanocomposite. The nanocomposites featured particle sizes ranging from 50 to 90 nm, and structural characteristics were thoroughly examined. Moreover, the material displayed selective photodegradation capabilities with MB, achieving an impressive efficiency of nearly 98% within 180 min under specific conditions. Notably, the material's reusability was remarkable, maintaining an efficiency of approximately 88% even after five cycles. The possible photodegradation mechanism was proposed based on the evaluation of energy bands, along with a comprehensive analysis of the impacts on MB photodegradation. Concurrently, adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were evaluated. Additionally, this material exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. These findings suggested that the Fe3O4/CuO/chitosan material could be utilized in real-world scenarios for environmental purification due to its ability to function as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent.
ABSTRACT
The current limitation of ancient DNA data from Vietnam led to the controversy surrounding the prehistory of people in this region. The combination of high heat and humidity damaged ancient bones that challenged the study of human evolution, especially when using DNA as study materials. So far, only 4 k years of history have been recorded despite the 65 k years of history of anatomically modern human occupations in Vietnam. Here we report, to our knowledge, the oldest mitogenomes of two hunter-gatherers from Vietnam. We extracted DNA from the femurs of two individuals aged 6.2 k cal BP from the Con Co Ngua (CCN) site in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam. This archeological site is the largest cemetery of the hunter-gatherer population in Southeast Asia (SEA) that was discovered, but their genetics have not been explored until the present. We indicated that the CCN haplotype belongs to a rare haplogroup that was not detected in any present-day Vietnamese individuals. Further matrilineal analysis on CCN mitogenomes showed a close relationship with ancient farmers and present-day populations in SEA. The mitogenomes of hunter-gatherers from Vietnam debate the "two layers" model of peopling history in SEA and provide an alternative solution for studying challenging ancient human samples from Vietnam.
