Covid-19 e as condições de saúde de fisioterapeutas baianos atuantes na linha de frente: um estudo observacional / COVID-19 and the health conditions of frontline physical therapists in Bahia: an observational study / COVID-19 y las condiciones de salud de los fisioterapeutas de primera línea de Bahía: un estudio observacional

Durante a pandemia de covid-19, os profissionais de saúde que atuaram na linha de frente viveram um cenário desafiador, com constante risco de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, uma demanda de trabalho aumentada e muitas incertezas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as repercussões da covid-19 na saúde de fisioterapeutas baianos atuantes na linha de frente no ambiente hospitalar. Fisioterapeutas baianos participaram deste estudo, respondendo questões referentes aos seus dados sociodemográficos, à qualidade do sono e aos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, através de um formulário eletrônico (Google Forms). Responderam ao formulário 38 fisioterapeutas residentes em Salvador (BA). A metade deles atua em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e, destes, 65% são trabalhadores do setor privado. Além disso, 68% foram infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 uma ou mais vezes. O constante medo de infectar seus familiares foi declarado por 77,3% deles e, após o expediente, 36% dos profissionais apresentavam exaustão emocional; 34,2%, estresse psicológico; e 26%, cansaço físico. Os fisioterapeutas baianos relataram que durante a pandemia de covid-19 houve grandes desafios no local de trabalho, como o medo de adoecer e de transmitir a doença e, sobretudo, o medo da morte. O cansaço e o estresse psicológico foram constantes na prática profissional, mas, apesar disso, a maioria dos fisioterapeutas sentiu satisfação por ter atuado de forma tão indispensável em um momento delicado e único.

During COVID-19, health services and professionals who worked on the front line experienced a challenging scenario with a constant risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2, an increased demand for work, and many uncertainties. This study analyzed the repercussions of COVID-19 on the health of Bahian physical therapists working on the hospital front line. Bahian physical therapists participated in this study, answering questions related to their sociodemographic data, sleep quality, and symptoms of anxiety and depression by an electronic form (Google Forms). Overall, 38 physiotherapists living in Salvador (Bahia) answered this form. In total, 50% worked in Intensive Care Units (ICUs); 65%, in the private sector, and 68% suffered infection from SARS-CoV-2 one or more times. This study found that 77.3% of participants reported the constant fear of infecting their family members and 36% showed emotional exhaustion after working hours; 34.2%, psychological stress; and 26%, physical fatigue. Bahian physical therapists reported that COVID-19 brought major confrontations in the workplace, such as the fear of getting sick and transmitting the disease and, above all, death. Fatigue and psychological stress remained constant in the professional practice, but, despite this, most physical therapists felt satisfied for having acted in such an indispensable way in a delicate and unique moment.

Durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, los profesionales de la salud que trabajaban en primera línea vivieron un escenario desafiante, con un riesgo constante de infección por SARS-CoV-2, una mayor demanda de trabajo y muchas incertidumbres. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las repercusiones de la COVID-19 en la salud de los fisioterapeutas de Bahía, Brasil, que trabajan en primera línea en el ambiente hospitalario. En este estudio participaron 38 fisioterapeutas residentes en Salvador (Bahía, Brasil) que respondieron a un cuestionario electrónico (Google Forms) con preguntas relacionadas a sus datos sociodemográficos, calidad del sueño y síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. El 50% de ellos trabajan en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y, de estos, el 65% pertenecen al sector privado. El 68% se ha infectado con el SARS-CoV-2 una o más veces. El miedo constante a contagiar a sus familiares fue declarado por el 77,3% de ellos, y después de la jornada laboral, el 36% de los profesionales presentaron agotamiento emocional; el 34,2%, estrés psicológico; y el 26%, fatiga física. Los fisioterapeutas de Bahía relataron que durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 hubo grandes retos en el lugar de trabajo, como el miedo a enfermarse y transmitir la enfermedad y, sobre todo, el miedo a la muerte. Aunque el cansancio y el estrés psicológico fueron constantes en la práctica profesional, la mayoría de los fisioterapeutas sintieron satisfacción por haber actuado de manera tan indispensable en un momento delicado y único.

Numerical and experimental simulation of a dynamic-rotational 3D cell culture for stratified living tissue models.

Human tissues and organs are inherently heterogeneous, and their functionality is determined by the interplay between different cell types, their secondary architecture, and gradients of signalling molecules and metabolites. To mimic the dynamics of native tissues, perfusion bioreactors and microfluidic devices are widely used in tissue engineering (TE) applications for enhancing cell culture viability in the core of 3D constructs. Still, mostin vitroscreening methods for compound efficacy and toxicity assessment include cell or tissue exposure to constant and homogeneous compound concentrations over a defined testing period. Moreover, a prevalent issue inhibiting the large-scale adoption of microfluidics and bioreactor is the tubing dependence to induce a perfusion regime. Here, we propose a compartmentalized rotational (CR) 3D cell culture platform for a stable control over gradient tissue culture conditions. Using the CR bioreactor, adjacent lanes of constructs are patterned by controlled flow dynamics to enable tissue stratification. Numerical and experimental simulations demonstrate cell seeding dynamics, as well as culture media rotational perfusion and gradient formations. Additionally, the developed system induces vertical and horizontal rotations, which increase medium exchange and homogeneous construct maturation, allowing both perfused tubing-based and tubing-free approaches. As a proof-of-concept, experiments and accompanying simulation of cellular inoculation and growth in 3D scaffold and hydrogel were performed, before the examination of a blood-brain-barrier model, demonstrating the impact of a heterotypic culture on molecular permeability under mimetic dynamic conditions. Briefly, the present work discloses the simulation of 3D dynamic cultures, and a semi-automated platform for heterotypic tissuesin vitromodelling, for broad TE and drug discovery/screening applications.

Bioengineered Nanoparticles Loaded-Hydrogels to Target TNF Alpha in Inflammatory Diseases.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an incurable autoimmune disease that promotes the chronic impairment of patients' mobility. For this reason, it is vital to develop therapies that target early inflammatory symptoms and act before permanent articular damage. The present study offers two novel therapies based in advanced drug delivery systems for RA treatment: encapsulated chondroitin sulfate modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanoparticles (NPs) covalently bonded to monoclonal anti-TNF α antibody in both Tyramine-Gellan Gum and Tyramine-Gellan Gum/Silk Fibroin hydrogels. Using pro-inflammatory THP-1 (i.e., human monocytic cell line), the therapy was tested in an inflammation in vitro model under both static and dynamic conditions. Firstly, we demonstrated effective NP-antibody functionalization and TNF-α capture. Upon encapsulation, the NPs were released steadily over 21 days. Moreover, in static conditions, the approaches presented good anti-inflammatory activity over time, enabling the retainment of a high percentage of TNF α. To mimic the physiological conditions of the human body, the hydrogels were evaluated in a dual-chamber bioreactor. Dynamic in vitro studies showed absent cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells and a significant reduction of TNF-α in suspension over 14 days for both hydrogels. Thus, the developed approach showed potential for use as personalized medicine to obtain better therapeutic outcomes and decreased adverse effects.

Rates and time trends in the consumption of breastmilk, formula, and animal milk by children younger than 2 years from 2000 to 2019: analysis of 113 countries.

BACKGROUND: Previous analyses of trends in feeding indicators of children younger than 2 years have been limited to low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to assess time trends in the consumption of different types of milk (breastmilk, formula, and animal milk) by children younger than 2 years from 2000 to 2019 at a global level. METHODS: In this time-series analysis, we combined cross-sectional data from 487 nationally representative surveys from low-income and middle-income countries and information from high-income countries to estimate seven infant and young child feeding indicators in up to 113 countries. Multilevel linear models were used in pooled analyses to estimate annual changes in feeding practices from 2000 to 2019 for country income groups and world regions. FINDINGS: For the absolute average annual changes, we found significant gains in any breastfeeding at age 6 months in high-income countries (1·29 percentage points [PPs] per year [95% CI 1·12 to 1·45]; p<0·0001) and at age 1 year in high-income countries (1·14 PPs per year [0·99 to 1·28]; p<0·0001) and upper-middle-income countries (0·53 PPs per year [0·23 to 0·82]; p<0·0001). We also found a small reduction in low-income countries for any breastfeeding at age 6 months (-0·07 PPs per year [-0·11 to -0·03]; p<0·0001) and age 1 year (-0·13 PPs per year [-0·18 to -0·09]; p<0·0001). Data on exclusive breastfeeding and consumption of formula and animal milk were only available for low-income and middle-income countries, where exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life increased by 0·70 PPs per year (0·51-0·88; p<0·0001) to reach 48·6% (41·9-55·2) in 2019. Exclusive breastfeeding increased in all world regions except for the Middle East and north Africa. Formula consumption in the first 6 months of life increased in upper-middle-income countries and in east Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and north Africa, and eastern Europe and central Asia, whereas the rates remained below 8% in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Animal milk consumption by children younger than 6 months decreased significantly (-0·41 PPs per year [-0·51 to -0·31]; p<0·0001) in low-income and middle-income countries. INTERPRETATION: We found some increases in exclusive and any breastfeeding at age 6 months in various regions and income groups, while formula consumption increased in upper-middle-income countries. To achieve the global target of 70% exclusive breastfeeding by 2030, however, rates of improvement will need to be accelerated. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through WHO.

Synthesis of mussel-inspired polydopamine-gallium nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

Aim: To established a simple, controlled and reproducible method to synthesize gallium (Ga)-coated polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (NPs). Materials & methods: PDA NPs were synthesized in alkali medium with posterior Ga shell formation due to ion chelation on the NP surface. Results: The obtained results with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirmed the incorporation of Ga on the PDA NP surface. The cytotoxicity of Ga-coated PDA NPs was evaluated in vitro at different concentrations in contact with human adipose-derived stem cells. Further cell analysis also demonstrated the benefit of Ga-coated PDA NPs, which increased the cell proliferation rate compared with noncoated PDA NPs. Conclusion: This study indicated that Ga could work as an appropriate shell for PDA NPs, inducing cell proliferation at the analyzed concentrations.

Status sociométrico em adolescentes na transição para o segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental / Sociometric status in adolescents in the transition to the second cycle of elementary school

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e comparar o status sociométrico de estudantes que passam pela transição do primeiro para o segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. Participaram 258 alunos, sendo 142 do 6º ano, idades entre 10 e 13 anos (M=11,62; DP=0,88) e 116 do 7º ano, com idades entre 13 e 15 anos (M=12,75; DP=0,90). A coleta de dados deu-se por meio do Protocolo de Indicação Sociométrica. Os resultados permitiram identificar as posições dos estudantes no grupo e as peculiaridades dos alunos do 6º ano, que receberam mais atribuições de comportamentos de rejeição, de popularidade, controversos e negligenciados do que os do 7º ano. No 7º ano os alunos já desenvolveram alguns aspectos afetivos e sociais que facilitam as relações. O estudo contribui com dados sobre o convívio interpessoal na transição no Ensino Fundamental, propiciando ações pedagógicas, interacionais e de aprendizagem mais adequadas à adaptação escolar.

The objective of the study was to identify and compare the sociometric status of students who gothrough the transition from the first to the second cycle of Elementary School. 258 students participated, being 142 of the 6th grade, aged between 10 and 13 years (M = 11.62, SD = 0.88) and 116 of the 7th grade, aged between 13 and 15 years (M = 12.75, SD = 0.90). Data were collected through the Sociometric Indication Protocol. The results allowed to identify the students' positions in the group and the peculiarities of those in the sixth grade, who received more attributions of rejection, popularity, controversial and neglected behaviors than the seventh grade students. In the 7th grade, students have already developed some affective and social aspects that facilitate relationships. The study contributes with data on interpersonal coexistence in the transition in Elementary School, providing pedagogical, interactional and learning actions more appropriate to school adaptation.

Decellularized hASCs-derived matrices as biomaterials for 3D in vitro approaches.

Tissue regeneration strategies have been greatly evolving in the last years due to the use of more realistic approaches. These approaches rely in the use of biomaterials for the development of three dimensional (3D) structures that emulate the in vivo microenvironment of different tissues. Recently, extracellular matrices (ECM) secreted by cells have been caught a great deal of attention as an attractive biomaterial for the development 3D structures. In fact, different cells and/or different cellular culture conditions gave rise to different ECM's compositions, which can be used for the development of more physiologically relevant 3D structures. Nevertheless, the recovery of cell-derived ECM requires the use of a proper decellularization protocol. Herein, we report a decellularization protocol to recover the ECM produced by human adipose derived stem cells. This protocol comprises multiple steps (chemical, physical or enzymatic) which are described here in more detail. Furthermore, it is describe the methods that have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of this decellularization protocol. Overall, this protocol enables the production of hASCs-derived matrices that can be further used for the production of more physiologically relevant 3D in vitro models for tissue regeneration strategies.

Entrapped in cage (EiC) scaffolds of 3D-printed polycaprolactone and porous silk fibroin for meniscus tissue engineering.

The meniscus has critical functions in the knee joint kinematics and homeostasis. Injuries of the meniscus are frequent, and the lack of a functional meniscus between the femur and tibial plateau can cause articular cartilage degeneration leading to osteoarthritis development and progression. Regeneration of meniscus tissue has outstanding challenges to be addressed. In the current study, novel Entrapped in cage (EiC) scaffolds of 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) and porous silk fibroin were proposed for meniscus tissue engineering. As confirmed by micro-structural analysis the entrapment of silk fibroin was successful, and all scaffolds had excellent interconnectivity (≥99%). The EiC scaffolds had more favorable micro-structure compared with the PCL cage scaffolds by improving the pore size while keeping the interconnectivity almost the same. When compared with the PCL cage, the entrapment of porous silk fibroin into the PCL cage decreased the high compressive modulus in a favorable matter in the wet state thanks to the silk fibroin's high swelling properties. The in vitro studies with human stem cells or meniscocytes seeded constructs, demonstrated that the EiC scaffolds had superior cell adhesion, metabolic activity, and proliferation compared to the PCL cage scaffolds. Upon subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds in nude mice, all groups were free of adverse incidents, and mildly invaded by inflammatory cells with neovascularization, while the EiC scaffolds showed better tissue infiltration. The results of this work indicated that the EiC scaffolds of PCL and silk fibroin are favorable for meniscus tissue engineering, and the findings are encouraging for further studies using a larger animal model.

Intervenção com comunicação aumentativa e alternativa na multideficiência e surdocegueira: revisão sistemática / Augmentative and alternative communication intervention in multiple disabilities and deafblindness: a systematic review / Intervención con comunicación aumentativa y alternativa en la multidiscapacidad y sordoceguera: revisión sistemática

A comunicação apresenta-se gravemente afetada em crianças e jovens com multideficiência e surdocegueira, constituindo-se como uma área de intervenção prioritária. Objetivo: Analisar e sistematizar a literatura no que diz respeito a intervenção com comunicação aumentativa / alternativa com crianças e jovens com multideficiência e surdocegueira, considerando o modo de implementação e avaliação da eficácia destas intervenções. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura baseada no PRISMA Statement. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, PubMed e B-On, até à data de 31 de maio de 2018, utilizando os termos "multideficiência", "surdocegueira" e "comunicação aumentativa e alternativa", em português e em inglês, combinados entre si. Resultados: Um total de nove artigos foram selecionados após cuidadosa análise e atendendo a rigorosos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Conclusão: Algumas discrepâncias foram identificadas quanto ao modo de implementação e avaliação da eficácia de comunicação aumentativa e alternativa, tendo-se concluído que é necessário desenvolver mais investigação que evidencie o impacto do uso desta ferramenta relativamente aos múltiplos contextos naturais, funcionalidade comunicativa mais complexa, instrução de parceiros de comunicação, frequência da intervenção e percepções de pais / profissionais.

Communication is seriously affected in children and young people with multiple disabilities and deafblindness, which makes it a priority area of intervention. Objective: Analyse and systematise the literature regarding the intervention with augmentative and alternative communication in children and young people with multiple disabilities and deafblindness, considering the mode of implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of that intervention. Methods: Systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA Statement. The research was carried out in the databases SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and B-On, until May 31st, 2018, using the terms "multiple disabilities", "deafblindness" and "augmentative and alternative communication" in Portuguese and in English, combined between them. Results: A total of nine articles were selected after careful analysis and the application of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusion: Some differences have been identified concerning the implementation and evaluation of augmentative and alternative communication effectiveness, revealing that further research is needed in order to demonstrate the impact of the use of this tool in the following aspects: multiple natural settings, complex communicative function, communicative partners, frequency of intervention and perceptions of parents / professionals.

Introduccion: La comunicación se ve gravemente afectada en niños y jóvenes con multideficiencia y sordoceguera, constituyéndose como una área de intervención prioritaria. Objetivo: Analizar y sistematizar la literatura en lo que se refiere a la intervención con comunicación aumentativa y alternativa con niños y jóvenes con multideficiencia y sordoceguera, en lo que se relaciona con el modo de implementación y evaluación de la eficacia en estas intervenciones. Metodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura atendiendo a las conceptualizaciones establecidas por el PRISMA Statement. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, PubMed y B-On, al 31 de mayo, 2018, com los términos "multidiscapacidad", "sordoceguera" y "comunicación aumentativa y alternativa" en portugués y en inglés, combinados entre sí. Resultados: Un total de nueve artículos fueron seleccionados después de un cuidadoso análisis y atendiendo a rigurosos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Conclusión: Algunas discrepancias se identificaron en lo que se refiere al modo de aplicación y evaluación de la eficacia de la comunicación aumentativa y alternativa y se concluyó que es necesario desarrollar más investigación que evidencie el impacto del uso de esta herramienta en lo que respecta a los múltiples contextos naturales, funcionalidad comunicativa compleja, de socios de comunicación, frecuencia de la intervención y percepciones de padres / profesionales.

Situações Interpessoais Difíceis: Relações entre Habilidades Sociais e Coping na Adaptação Acadêmica / Difficult Interpersonal Situations: Relations between Social Skills and Coping in Academic Adaptation / Situaciones Interpersonales Difíciles: Relaciones entre Habilidades Sociales y Coping en la Adaptación Académica

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as relações preditivas entre as variáveis habilidades sociais e estratégias de coping na adaptação à universidade em situações consideradas de difícil manejo no contexto universitário. As cinco situações elencadas foram: "Pedir a um colega que desligue seu celular na aula", "Apresentar trabalho em aula", "Pedir aos colegas que evitem de lanchar na sala", "Mobilizar colegas para reivindicar direitos", "Receber críticas do professor". Participaram da pesquisa 400 universitários, sendo 61,5% mulheres (N = 246) com idades entre 18 e 60 anos (M = 25,78 e DP = 7,99). Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas reduzido (QVA-r) e a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP). Os resultados demonstraram que o estudante que recorre às estratégias de enfrentamento Focalizado no Problema e na Busca de Suporte Social lida melhor com questões de difícil manejo na universidade. A estratégia de enfrentamento Focalizado no Problema e a Habilidade Social de Autoafirmação na Expressão de Sentimento Positivo apresentaram maior impacto nos escores de adaptação acadêmica. Os resultados contribuem para ampliar o entendimento sobre o uso dos processos cognitivos e comportamentais associados à adaptação ao Ensino Superior, o que possibilita a criação de recursos, por parte das universidades, para dar suporte aos estudantes nesse processo....(AU)

This study aimed to verify the predictive relationships between the variables social skills and coping strategies in adaptation to the university in situations considered difficult to manage in the university context. The five situations listed were: "Ask classmates to turn off their cell phone in class", "Present class work", "Ask classmates to avoid lunch in the classroom", "Mobilize classmates to claim rights", "Receive teacher criticism". 400 university students participated in this study, 61.5% women (N = 246), aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 25.78 and SD = 7.99). The following instruments were used: Social Skills Inventory, Reduced Academic Experience Questionnaire and Modes of Confronting Problems Scale. The results showed that the student who uses strategies of coping focused on the problem and on the search for social support better deals with issues of difficult management at university. The coping strategy focused on the problem and the social skill of self-affirmation in the expression of positive feeling presented greater impact in the academic adjustment scores. The results contribute to a better understanding of the use of cognitive and behavioral processes associated with adaptation to Higher Education, which allows the creation of resources by the universities to support students in this process....(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar las relaciones predictivas entre las variables habilidades sociales y estrategias de coping en la adaptación a la universidad en situaciones consideradas de difícil manejo en el contexto universitario. Las cinco situaciones relacionadas fueron: "Pedir a un colega que apague su teléfono en la clase", "Presentar trabajo en clase", "Pedir a los colegas que eviten de comer en la sala", "Movilizar a los colegas para reclamar derechos", "Recibir críticas del profesor". En la investigación participaron 400 universitarios, siendo 61,5% mujeres (N = 246) con edades entre 18 y 60 años (M = 25,78 y DP = 7,99). Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Inventario de Habilidades Sociales, Cuestionario de Vivencias Académicas reducido (QVA-r) y la Escala Modos de Enfrentamiento de Problemas (EMEP). Los resultados demostraron que el estudiante que recurre a las estrategias de enfrentamiento Focalizado en el Problema y en la Búsqueda de Soporte Social hace frente mejor con cuestiones de difícil manejo en la universidad. La estrategia de enfrentamiento enfocada en el problema y la Habilidad Social de Autoafirmación en la Expresión de Sentimiento Positivo, presentaron un mayor impacto en los escores de adaptación académica. Los resultados contribuyen a ampliar el entendimiento sobre el uso de los procesos cognitivos y comportamentales asociados a la adaptación a la Enseñanza Superior, lo que posibilita la creación de recursos, por parte de las universidades, para dar soporte a los estudiantes en este proceso....(AU)

Comportamentos sociais acadêmicos de universitários de instituições públicas e privadas: o impacto nas vivências no ensino superior / Academic social behavior of university students from public and private institutions: the impact on experiences in higher education / Comportamientos sociales académicas de los estudiantes de instituciones públicas y privadas: el impacto de las vivencias en la educación superior

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto dos comportamentos sociais acadêmicos mensurados pelo Inventário de Comportamentos Sociais Acadêmicos (ICSA), do tipo de instituição de ensino, particular ou pública, nas vivências acadêmicas dos universitários. Participaram 289 universitários de instituições do Rio de Janeiro: oito públicas e 20 privadas. Foram utilizados o ICSA e o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas (QVAr). Os principais resultados indicaram que pertencer à instituição pública é o principal preditor das dimensões Interpessoal, Carreira e Institucional do QVAr e que os fatores de comportamentos sociais acadêmicos, tais como a cordialidade e a habilidade em eficácia acadêmica, apresentaram respectivamente impacto negativo e positivo nas mesmas dimensões. O presente estudo contribui com dados que apontam para os fatores preditores da adaptação à universidade, ainda que estes tenham apresentado baixa variância explicada.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of academic social behaviors measured by Social Academic Behaviors Inventory (SABI) and the type of educational institution, private or public, in the academic experiences of university students. 289 university students from institutions in Rio de Janeiro participated: eight public and 20 private. The SABI and the Academic Experience Questionnaire-revised (AEQ-r) were used. The main results indicated that belonging to the public institution is the main predictor of the Interpersonal, Career and Institutional dimensions of AEQ-rand that factors of academic social behavior such as friendliness and ability in academic effectiveness have respectively negative and positive impact on them dimensions. The present study contributes with data that point to the factors predicting the adaptation to the university, even though these presented low explained variance.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de los comportamientos sociales académicos medidos por el Inventario de Conductas Académicas Sociales (ICAS) y el tipo de institución educativa, privada o pública, en las experiencias académicas de los estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 289 estudiantes universitarios de las instituciones del Río de Janeiro: ocho públicas y 20 privadas. Se utilizó el ICSA y el Cuestionario de Experiencia Académica revisado (QVA-r). Los principales resultados indicaron que pertenecer a la institución pública es el principal predictor de las dimensiones Interpersonal, Carrera e Institucional del QVA-r y que los factores de comportamientos sociales académicos tales como la cordialidad y la habilidad en eficacia académica presentaron respectivamente impacto negativo y positivo en las mismas dimensiones. El presente estudio aporta datos que apuntan a los factores que predice la adaptación a la universidad, aunque estos presentaron una varianza de baja explicación.

Ethnic group inequalities in coverage with reproductive, maternal and child health interventions: cross-sectional analyses of national surveys in 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries.

BACKGROUND: Latin American and Caribbean populations include three main ethnic groups: indigenous people, people of African descent, and people of European descent. We investigated ethnic inequalities among these groups in population coverage with reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions. METHODS: We analysed 16 standardised, nationally representative surveys carried out from 2004 to 2015 in Latin America and the Caribbean that provided information on ethnicity or a proxy indicator (household language or skin colour) and on coverage of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions. We selected four outcomes: coverage with modern contraception, antenatal care coverage (defined as four or more antenatal visits), and skilled attendants at birth for women aged 15-49 years; and coverage with three doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT3) vaccine among children aged 12-23 months. We classified women and children as indigenous, of African descent, or other ancestry (reference group) on the basis of their self-reported ethnicity or language. Mediating variables included wealth quintiles (based on household asset indices), woman's education, and urban-rural residence. We calculated crude and adjusted coverage ratios using Poisson regression. FINDINGS: Ethnic gaps in coverage varied substantially from country to country. In most countries, coverage with modern contraception (median coverage ratio 0·82, IQR 0·66-0·92), antenatal care (0·86, 0·75-0·94), and skilled birth attendants (0·75, 0·68-0·92) was lower among indigenous women than in the reference group. Only three countries (Nicaragua, Panama, and Paraguay) showed significant gaps in DPT3 coverage between the indigenous and the reference groups. The differences were attenuated but persisted after adjustment for wealth, education, and residence. Women and children of African descent showed similar coverage to the reference group in most countries. INTERPRETATION: The lower coverage levels for indigenous women are pervasive, and cannot be explained solely by differences in wealth, education, or residence. Interventions delivered at community level-such as vaccines-show less inequality than those requiring access to services, such as birth attendance. Regular monitoring of ethnic inequalities is essential to evaluate existing initiatives aimed at the inclusion of minorities and to plan effective multisectoral policies and programmes. FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (through the Countdown to 2030 initiative) and the Wellcome Trust.

Expectativas acadêmicas de estudantes nos primeiros anos do Ensino Superior / Academic expectations of students in the first years of Higher Education / Expectativas académicas de estudiantes en los primeros años de enseñanza superior

Este trabalho analisa expectativas acadêmicas de universitários ao ingressar no Ensino Superior. Participaram do estudo 205 estudantes do primeiro e segundo ano do Ensino Superior. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sobre expectativas pessoais, relações interpessoais, expectativas acerca do curso, carreira, instituição de ensino e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos. Os dados foram submetidos a análises qualitativas, com recurso a análise de conteúdo. Os alunos descrevem suas expectativas em direção ao mercado de trabalho e aos ganhos pessoais e profissionais resultantes do fato de cursarem o Ensino Superior. Esses resultados reiteram estudos anteriores, indicando que alunos do primeiro ano apresentam altas expectativas em relação ao Ensino Superior. Discutem-se as implicações dos resultados para novas pesquisas e intervenções com universitários, especialmente aqueles com dificuldades de adaptação acadêmica

This study analyzed students' expectations in the transition to Higher Education. Participants were 205 students of the first and second year, enrolled in public and private Higher Education institutions. Students answered an open questionnaire composed of five questions about personal expectations, interpersonal relationships, expectations about the undergraduate program and career development, the institution where they were enrolled, and a social-demographic questionnaire. Content analysis was performed to analyze data. Students described their own expectations regarding the job market, and personal and occupational benefits from studying in Higher Education. These results support previous studies that have suggested that first-year students present high expectations about higher education. We discuss the implications of the results in future researches and intervention with students, especially the ones with difficulties in academic adaptation

Este trabajo analiza expectativas académicas de universitarios al ingresar en la Enseñanza Superior. Participaron del estudio 205 estudiantes del primer y segundo año de la Enseñanza Superior. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre expectativas personales, recursos personales, relaciones interpersonal, expectativas acerca del curso, carrera, institución educativa y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. Los datos se sometieron a análisis cualitativos, utilizando el análisis de contenido. Los estudiantes describen sus expectativas hacia el mercado de trabajo y a las ganancias personales y profesionales resultantes hecho de cursar la Enseñanza Superior. Estos resultados reiteran estudios anteriores indicando que alumnos del primer arimer aonales, recursos personales, las relaciones interpersonales, Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para nuevas investigaciones e intervenciones con universitarios, especialmente aquellos con dificultades de adaptación académica

The Inverse Equity Hypothesis: Analyses of Institutional Deliveries in 286 National Surveys.

OBJECTIVES: To test the inverse equity hypothesis, which postulates that new health interventions are initially adopted by the wealthy and thus increase inequalities-as population coverage increases, only the poorest will lag behind all other groups. METHODS: We analyzed the proportion of births occurring in a health facility by wealth quintile in 286 surveys from 89 low- and middle-income countries (1993-2015) and developed an inequality pattern index. Positive values indicate that inequality is driven by early adoption by the wealthy (top inequality), whereas negative values signal bottom inequality. RESULTS: Absolute inequalities were widest when national coverage was around 50%. At low national coverage levels, top inequality was evident with coverage in the wealthiest quintile taking off rapidly; at 60% or higher national coverage, bottom inequality became the predominant pattern, with the poorest quintile lagging behind. CONCLUSIONS: Policies need to be tailored to inequality patterns. When top inequalities are present, barriers that limit uptake by most of the population must be identified and addressed. When bottom inequalities exist, interventions must be targeted at specific subgroups that are left behind.

Tuning Enzymatically Crosslinked Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Properties for the Development of a Colorectal Cancer Extravasation 3D Model on a Chip.

Microfluidic devices are now the most promising tool to mimic in vivo like scenarios such as tumorigenesis and metastasis due to its ability to more closely mimic cell's natural microenvironment (such as 3D environment and continuous perfusion of nutrients). In this study, the ability of 2% and 3% enzymatically crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels with different mechanical properties are tested in terms of colorectal cancer cell migration, under different microenvironments in a 3D dynamic model. Matrigel is used as control. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison between the traditional Boyden chamber assay and the 3D dynamic microfluidic model in terms of colorectal cancer cell migration is presented. The results show profound differences between the two used biomaterials and the two migration models, which are explored in terms of mechanical properties of the hydrogels as well as the intrinsic characteristics of the models. Moreover, the developed 3D dynamic model is validated by demonstrating that hVCAM-1 plays a major role in the extravasation process, influencing extravasation rate and traveled distance. Furthermore, the developed model enables precise visualization of cancer cell migration within a 3D matrix in response to microenvironmental cues, shedding light on the importance of biophysical properties in cell behavior.

Construction and validity evidence of a scale for coping with difficult social academic interpersonal situations.

The aim of this study was to develop a scale to investigate the ways of coping with interpersonal situations considered difficult in the Brazilian university context. The items were based on the results of a study previously obtained in a focus group with university students. The first steps of the study were the analysis of judges and the investigation of the semantic validity. After these steps, a total of 1366 (female = 74.9%) students from public and private institutions participated in the study. The study followed the steps design of the items, development of the first version of the instrument, and initial tests of validity (content validity and internal consistency). The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated the maintenance of 26 items, distributed in four factors: focus on emotion (α = 0.73), focus on social support (α = 0.81), focus on religious coping (α = 0.83), and focus on the problem (α = 0.70). The final scale solution was considered satisfactory for the proposed instrument, with consistency for the application in other studies and investigations that evaluate the coping strategies of students in situations considered difficult in the university.

Construction and validity evidence of a scale for coping with difficult social academic interpersonal situations

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a scale to investigate the ways of coping with interpersonal situations considered difficult in the Brazilian university context. The items were based on the results of a study previously obtained in a focus group with university students. The first steps of the study were the analysis of judges and the investigation of the semantic validity. After these steps, a total of 1366 (female = 74.9%) students from public and private institutions participated in the study. The study followed the steps design of the items, development of the first version of the instrument, and initial tests of validity (content validity and internal consistency). The results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated the maintenance of 26 items, distributed in four factors: focus on emotion (α = 0.73), focus on social support (α = 0.81), focus on religious coping (α = 0.83), and focus on the problem (α = 0.70). The final scale solution was considered satisfactory for the proposed instrument, with consistency for the application in other studies and investigations that evaluate the coping strategies of students in situations considered difficult in the university.

Management of knee osteoarthritis. Current status and future trends.

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects a large number of the population, and its incidence is showing a growing trend with the increasing life span. OA is the most prevalent joint condition worldwide, and currently, there is no functional cure for it. This review seeks to briefly overview the management of knee OA concerning standardized pharmaceutical and clinical approaches, as well as the new biotechnological horizons of OA treatment. The potential of biomaterials and state of the art of advanced therapeutic approaches, such as cell and gene therapy focused primarily on cartilage regeneration are the main subjects of this review. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 717-739. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Relações interpessoais na universidade: o que pensam estudantes da graduação em psicologia? / Interpersonal relations in university: what do undergraduated students in Psychology think? / Relaciones interpersonales en la universidad: ¿qué piensan los estudiantes de la graduación en Psicología?

As relações sociais na universidade são importantes para a adaptação, vivência e alcance de resultados acadêmicos. Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar como os estudantes universitários percebem suas vivências em situações interpessoais no espaço acadêmico. Utilizou-se Grupo Focal para coletar os dados e a Análise de Conteúdo para categorizar e analisar as falas dos estudantes. Participaram 13 estudantes do curso de Psicologia de uma universidade pública da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados encontrados permitiram a categorização de situações consideradas como fáceis e difíceis. Nas situações consideradas difíceis, percebeu-se as dificuldades do estudante em lidar com as relações interpessoais. No que diz respeito à relação professor-aluno, foram identificadas dificuldades com a didática do professor. Entre as situações elencadas como fáceis, destaca-se: alunos que admiram seus professores, a tolerância com as diferenças, a socialização e a aceitação para trabalhar com colegas.

Social relations at the university are important for adaptation, experience and academic results. This article aims to identify how college students perceive their experiences in interpersonal situations in academic space. We used focus group to collect the data and content analysis to categorize and analyze the speech of the students. Participants were 13 psychology students from a public university in Rio de Janeiro city. The results allowed the categorization of situations as easy and difficult. Concerning difficult situations, we perceived the students' difficulties in dealing with interpersonal relationships. Regarding the teacher-student relationship, difficulties were identified with the teacher's didactics. As situations listed as easy, we highlight the students who admire their teachers, the tolerance of differences, socialization, and acceptance to work with colleagues.

Relaciones sociales en la universidad son importantes para adaptación, experiencia y el alcance de los resultados académicos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar cómo los estudiantes universitarios perciben sus experiencias en situaciones interpersonales en el espacio académico. Se utilizó focales para reunir los datos y el análisis de contenido para categorizar y analizar los discursos de los estudiantes. Participaron 13 estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología de una universidad pública en la ciudad Río de Janeiro. Resultados permitió la categorización de las situaciones consideradas de fácil y difícil. En situaciones consideradas difíciles ve las dificultades en el trato con las relaciones interpersonales. En relación con el profesor - estudiante dificultades de relación se han identificado con la metodología de la enseñanza. Entre las situaciones enumeradas como fácil es alumnos que admiran a sus maestros, la tolerancia puntas de las diferencias, la socialización y la aceptación de trabajar con colegas.

Diferenças nas práticas parentais de pais e mães e a percepção dos filhos adolescentes / Differences in fathers and mothers parental practices and 6th grade middle school children's perceptions / Diferencias en las prácticas parentales de padres y madres y la percepción de los hijos de 6º año de la enseñanza fundamental

O estudo objetivou comparar a percepção das práticas parentais de pais e mães com a percepção dos filhos sobre essas práticas. Participaram 154 estudantes do 6º ano, com idades entre 9 a 15 anos (M = 11,5; DP = 0,8), 29 pais e 125 mães. Foi utilizado o Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP). Foram encontradas diferenças nas médias das percepções de mães, pais e da percepção dos filhos sobre o estilo parental dos pais e mães. As mães avaliaram seu estilo parental de forma mais positiva, enquanto os pais avaliaram seu estilo de forma mais negativa, em comparação à percepção dos filhos. Os resultados refletem a importância da função parental exercida por mães e pais em famílias majoritariamente não nucleares indicando que as práticas positivas podem desenvolver habilidades sociais que valorizem os vínculos estabelecidos entre pais e filhos e estimulem interações sociais futuras mais relevantes.

The study aimed to compare parents perceptions about its parental practices with their children's perceptions. Participants were 6th grade students (n =154), from 9 to 15 years old (M = 11.5; SD = 0.8) and their parents (29 fathers and 125 mothers). The instrument was the Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP). The results showed differences in the parental style of mothers, fathers, and the evaluation of their kids on their parents styles. Mothers evaluated their parental style more positively, whereas the fathers evaluated their style more negatively, in comparison with their children's perception. The results reflect the importance of the parental function practiced by mothers and fathers in predominantly non-nuclear families, which indicates that positive practices can develop social skills that enhance parents-children relationships and foster for interactions more relevant in the future.

El siguiente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la percepción de las prácticas parentales de los padres y madres con la percepción de sus hijos sobre estas prácticas. Participaron 154 estudiantes del 6° año, con edades entre 9 y 15 años, además de 9 padres y 125 madres. Fueron encontradas diferencias en los promedios de las percepciones entre madres, padres en comparación de la percepción de sus hijos sobre el estilo parental de los padres y madres. Las madres evaluaron su estilo parental de forma más positiva, mientras que los padres evaluaron su estilo de forma más negativa en comparación a la percepción de sus hijos. Los hallazgos reflejan la importancia de la función parental hecha por madres y los padres en familias mayoritariamente no nucleares, indicando que las prácticas positivas pueden desarrollar habilidades sociales que valoran los vínculos establecidos entre padres e hijos y estimulen interacciones sociales futuras más relevantes.