ABSTRACT
Summary Native fruits from Caatinga vegetation can be an important alternative to improve the productive performance of kids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Umbuzeiro fruits in natura over the weight gain and anthelmintic control of kids kept in Buffel grass pasture in the semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-four castrated, crossbreed kids were allocated into three treatments: 1) Control (n = 8) fed exclusively with Buffel grass; 2) Umbu 1x (n = 8) fed with fruits once a week and 3) Umbu 3x (n = 8) fed with fruits for three times a week. The following parameters were evaluated: variation of body weight, faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproculture. Overall, the average consumption of Umbu fruits in natura was 1.48 kg/animal/day, which corresponded to 133.5 g daily dry matter intake (DMI/animal/day). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for any parameters evaluated. During the experimental period, the overall daily weight gain was variable between 108.75 to 116.70 g/animal/day and the average FEC was 436 eggs. In the present study, the goat kids supplemented with fresh umbu fruits showed a good productive performance, however the supplementation with umbu did not control the infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes in kids.
Resumo Os frutos nativos de plantas da Caatinga podem ser uma alternativa importante para proporcionar melhoria nos desempenhos produtivos dos caprinos na região semiárida brasileira. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da suplementação com frutos do umbuzeiro in natura sobre o ganho de peso e o controle anti-helmíntico em caprinos mantidos em pastagem de capim-buffel na região semiárida de Pernambuco. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos castrados e mestiços, os quais foram distribuídos homogeneamente em três tratamentos: 1) Controle, alimentaram-se exclusivamente de capim-buffel (n = 8); 2), Frutos de umbu 1x por semana (n = 8), e 3), Frutos de umbu 3x por semana (n = 8). Foram realizadas as avaliações do peso corporal, contagem do número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. O consumo médio do umbu in natura foi de 1,48 kg/animal/dia, que correspondeu a média de 133,5 g de MS/animal/dia. A suplementação com umbu não afetou (P>0,05) nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. O ganho de peso médio diário variou entre 108,75 e 116,70 g/animal/dia e o valor médio de OPG foi de 436 ovos. Neste estudo, os cabritos suplementados com frutos de umbu apresentaram bom desempenho produtivo, entretanto, a suplementação com umbu não controlou a infestação de nematódeos gastrintestinais.
ABSTRACT
Summary Native fruits from Caatinga vegetation can be an important alternative to improve the productive performance of kids in the semi-arid region of Brazil. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Umbuzeiro fruits in natura over the weight gain and anthelmintic control of kids kept in Buffel grass pasture in the semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-four castrated, crossbreed kids were allocated into three treatments: 1) Control (n = 8) fed exclusively with Buffel grass; 2) Umbu 1x (n = 8) fed with fruits once a week and 3) Umbu 3x (n = 8) fed with fruits for three times a week. The following parameters were evaluated: variation of body weight, faecal egg counts (FEC) and coproculture. Overall, the average consumption of Umbu fruits in natura was 1.48 kg/animal/day, which corresponded to 133.5 g daily dry matter intake (DMI/animal/day). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) for any parameters evaluated. During the experimental period, the overall daily weight gain was variable between 108.75 to 116.70 g/animal/day and the average FEC was 436 eggs. In the present study, the goat kids supplemented with fresh umbu fruits showed a good productive performance, however the supplementation with umbu did not control the infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes in kids.
Resumo Os frutos nativos de plantas da Caatinga podem ser uma alternativa importante para proporcionar melhoria nos desempenhos produtivos dos caprinos na região semiárida brasileira. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da suplementação com frutos do umbuzeiro in natura sobre o ganho de peso e o controle anti-helmíntico em caprinos mantidos em pastagem de capim-buffel na região semiárida de Pernambuco. Foram utilizados 24 cabritos castrados e mestiços, os quais foram distribuídos homogeneamente em três tratamentos: 1) Controle, alimentaram-se exclusivamente de capim-buffel (n = 8); 2), Frutos de umbu 1x por semana (n = 8), e 3), Frutos de umbu 3x por semana (n = 8). Foram realizadas as avaliações do peso corporal, contagem do número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. O consumo médio do umbu in natura foi de 1,48 kg/animal/dia, que correspondeu a média de 133,5 g de MS/animal/dia. A suplementação com umbu não afetou (P>0,05) nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. O ganho de peso médio diário variou entre 108,75 e 116,70 g/animal/dia e o valor médio de OPG foi de 436 ovos. Neste estudo, os cabritos suplementados com frutos de umbu apresentaram bom desempenho produtivo, entretanto, a suplementação com umbu não controlou a infestação de nematódeos gastrintestinais.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the return of post partum ovarian activity in dairy goats supplemented with different levels of energy during the dry period in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. Twenty-four animals were allocated into four treatments of six animals each: Control, consisting of goats that had access to pasture and only received 4 kg of fresh palm, and three groups with isoproteic supplementation (20% Crude Protein), ranging in TDN content of 65%, 75% and 85%. The daily milk yield showed a linear growth behavior (P 0.05) since day 35th postpartum, when the animals recovered the weight gain and body condition score after 14 and 21 days postpartum, respectively, with slight weight gain in 75% and 85% treatments. Among the reproductive parameters, uterine involution and return to estrus activity showed a decrease in the number of days associated with the higher energy levels (P 0.05). The emergence of the 1st follicles > 2 mm occurred around 33 days postpartum and the maximum diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle was 5,41mm. These results were not influenced by treatments (P> 0.05). We concluded that the supplementation with different levels of energy promoted a positive effect, as increased productive parameters and reduced the number of days for the reestablishment of the reproductive parameters postpartum; for instance, uterine involution, return to estrus and consequently return of ovarian activity postpartum.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o retorno da atividade ovariana puerperal de cabras leiteiras suplementadas com diferentes níveis de energia durante o período seco do semiárido pernambucano. Foram utilizados 24 animais divididos em quatro tratamentos, com seis réplicas cada: Grupo Controle , formado por cabras que tiveram acesso apenas ao pasto e receberam 4 kg de palma in natura; e três grupos com suplementação, feita com concentrados isoprotéicos, com 20% PB, variando o teor de NDT em 65%, 75% e 85%. A produção diaria de leite apresentou um comportamento de crescimento linear (P 0,05) a partir do 35º dia pós-parto, os animais exibiram retomada do ganho de peso e escore corporal por volta dos 14 º e 21º dias pós-parto, respectivamente, com ligeiro ganho de peso total nos tratamentos 75% e 85%. Dentre os parametros reprodutivos, a involução uterina e o retorno ao estro, apresentaram um decrecimo do numero de dias com o aumento do nivel de energia (P 0,05). Já o surgimento do 1º folículo > 2 mm, ocorreu por volta do 33º dia pós-parto e o diametro médio máximo do foliculo pre-ovulatório foi de 5,41mm, todavianão foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a suplementação com níveis de energia, promoveu efeito positivo, como o aumento dos parâmetros produtivos e redução do número de dias pós-parto para o restabelecimento dos parâmetros reprodutivos: a involução uterina, retorno ao estro e consequentemente retorno da atividade ovariana pós-parto.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reusing a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device for up to three times in the reproductive performance of dairy goats raised in the semi-arid zone of northeastern Brazil. Forty-five goats were allocated into three hormone treatments, as follows: CIDR1x, treated with new CIDR during nine days. Two days prior to device removal, injections of 75 µg d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) were administrated. For the other treatments, the same hormone protocol was used, differing only by the use of the same CIDR for a second time in CIDR2x and for a third time in CIDR3x. The interval from device removal to the onset of estrus (13.3 ± 1.1h vs. 13.8 ± 2.6h vs. 13.3 ± 1.4h), as well as estrus duration (33.6 ± 7.3h vs. 29.6 ± 3.2h vs. 32.8 ± 4.5h), did not differ (p > 0.05) among groups CIDR1x, CIDR2x and CIDR3x, respectively. All synchronized females were found to be in estrus. The overall fertility and prolificacy after artificial insemination were 82.2% and 1.9 kids, respectively, without significant difference (p > 0.05) among treatments. The use of the same CIDR for up to three times was effective using 9-day estrus synchronization protocols in dairy goats.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reusing a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device for up to three times in the reproductive performance of dairy goats raised in the semi-arid zone of northeastern Brazil. Forty-five goats were allocated into three hormone treatments, as follows: CIDR1x, treated with new CIDR during nine days. Two days prior to device removal, injections of 75 µg d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) were administrated. For the other treatments, the same hormone protocol was used, differing only by the use of the same CIDR for a second time in CIDR2x and for a third time in CIDR3x. The interval from device removal to the onset of estrus (13.3 ± 1.1h vs. 13.8 ± 2.6h vs. 13.3 ± 1.4h), as well as estrus duration (33.6 ± 7.3h vs. 29.6 ± 3.2h vs. 32.8 ± 4.5h), did not differ (p > 0.05) among groups CIDR1x, CIDR2x and CIDR3x, respectively. All synchronized females were found to be in estrus. The overall fertility and prolificacy after artificial insemination were 82.2% and 1.9 kids, respectively, without significant difference (p > 0.05) among treatments. The use of the same CIDR for up to three times was effective using 9-day estrus synchronization protocols in dairy goats.
ABSTRACT
This work aimed to evaluate clinical, parasitological and productive parameters of crossbred lambs under a rotational grazing system of Panicum maximum cv. Aruana grass fertilized with four doses of nitrogen (75, 275, 475 and 675 kg ha-1 year-1). Eighteen lambs were used per treatment, totaling 72 animals. The following parameters were evaluated: daily weight gain (DWG), total weight gain (TWG), stocking rate (SR), meat production, number of fecal eggs per gram (EPG) and coproculture. Deworming was accomplished according to conjunctiva color compared using the Famacha© card. DWG and TWG were greater (p 0.05) in the animals under pasture fertilized with 75 kg ha-1 year-1. However, SR and EPG were greater (p 0.05) in the animals kept in pastures with 675 kg ha-1 year-1. There were no significant differences among nitrogen levels for the different colors of ocular mucosa or the number of animals dewormed. A prevalence of 80.0 to 93.0% of Trichostrongylus sp. was found. The deworming based on the evaluation of conjunctiva color did not reduce EPG into desirable levels for any of fertilized doses of nitrogen. The nitrogen dose of 475 kg ha-1 year-1 in Aruana grass allowed greater productive performance per hectare.
Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar os aspectos clínicos, parasitológicos e produtivos de cordeiros mestiços mantidos em pastejo rotativo de Panicum maximum cv. Aruana adubado com quatro doses de nitrogênio (75, 275, 475 e 675 kg ha-1 ano-1). Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros por tratamento, perfazendo um total de 72 animais. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: ganho médio diário (GMD), ganho de peso total (GPT), taxa de lotação (TxL), produção total de carne, contagem do número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. A vermifugação dos animais foi realizada de acordo com a coloração da mucosa ocular comparada por meio do cartão Famacha© Foi verificado que tanto o GMD quanto o GPT foram maiores (p 0,05) nos animais mantidos na pastagem com adubação nitrogenada 75 kg ha-1 ano-1. Todavia, a TxL e o OPG foram maior (p 0,05) nos animais mantidos na pastagem adubada com 675 kg ha-1 ano-1. Não houve diferença significativa entre as doses de adubação para os diferentes tons de coloração da mucosa ocular nem para o número de animais vermifugados. Observou-se uma prevalência de 80,0 a 93,0% de larvas de Trichostrongylus sp. A vermifugação baseada na avaliação da mucosa ocular não permitiu a redução do OPG para nenhuma das doses de adubação adotadas. A dose de nitrogênio de 475 kg ha-1 ano-1 promoveu melhor desempenho produtivo por hectare.
ABSTRACT
This work aimed to evaluate clinical, parasitological and productive parameters of crossbred lambs under a rotational grazing system of Panicum maximum cv. Aruana grass fertilized with four doses of nitrogen (75, 275, 475 and 675 kg ha-1 year-1). Eighteen lambs were used per treatment, totaling 72 animals. The following parameters were evaluated: daily weight gain (DWG), total weight gain (TWG), stocking rate (SR), meat production, number of fecal eggs per gram (EPG) and coproculture. Deworming was accomplished according to conjunctiva color compared using the Famacha© card. DWG and TWG were greater (p 0.05) in the animals under pasture fertilized with 75 kg ha-1 year-1. However, SR and EPG were greater (p 0.05) in the animals kept in pastures with 675 kg ha-1 year-1. There were no significant differences among nitrogen levels for the different colors of ocular mucosa or the number of animals dewormed. A prevalence of 80.0 to 93.0% of Trichostrongylus sp. was found. The deworming based on the evaluation of conjunctiva color did not reduce EPG into desirable levels for any of fertilized doses of nitrogen. The nitrogen dose of 475 kg ha-1 year-1 in Aruana grass allowed greater productive performance per hectare.
Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar os aspectos clínicos, parasitológicos e produtivos de cordeiros mestiços mantidos em pastejo rotativo de Panicum maximum cv. Aruana adubado com quatro doses de nitrogênio (75, 275, 475 e 675 kg ha-1 ano-1). Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros por tratamento, perfazendo um total de 72 animais. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: ganho médio diário (GMD), ganho de peso total (GPT), taxa de lotação (TxL), produção total de carne, contagem do número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. A vermifugação dos animais foi realizada de acordo com a coloração da mucosa ocular comparada por meio do cartão Famacha© Foi verificado que tanto o GMD quanto o GPT foram maiores (p 0,05) nos animais mantidos na pastagem com adubação nitrogenada 75 kg ha-1 ano-1. Todavia, a TxL e o OPG foram maior (p 0,05) nos animais mantidos na pastagem adubada com 675 kg ha-1 ano-1. Não houve diferença significativa entre as doses de adubação para os diferentes tons de coloração da mucosa ocular nem para o número de animais vermifugados. Observou-se uma prevalência de 80,0 a 93,0% de larvas de Trichostrongylus sp. A vermifugação baseada na avaliação da mucosa ocular não permitiu a redução do OPG para nenhuma das doses de adubação adotadas. A dose de nitrogênio de 475 kg ha-1 ano-1 promoveu melhor desempenho produtivo por hectare.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reusing a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device for up to three times in the reproductive performance of dairy goats raised in the semi-arid zone of northeastern Brazil. Forty-five goats were allocated into three hormone treatments, as follows: CIDR1x, treated with new CIDR during nine days. Two days prior to device removal, injections of 75 µg d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) were administrated. For the other treatments, the same hormone protocol was used, differing only by the use of the same CIDR for a second time in CIDR2x and for a third time in CIDR3x. The interval from device removal to the onset of estrus (13.3 ± 1.1h vs. 13.8 ± 2.6h vs. 13.3 ± 1.4h), as well as estrus duration (33.6 ± 7.3h vs. 29.6 ± 3.2h vs. 32.8 ± 4.5h), did not differ (p > 0.05) among groups CIDR1x, CIDR2x and CIDR3x, respectively. All synchronized females were found to be in estrus. The overall fertility and prolificacy after artificial insemination were 82.2% and 1.9 kids, respectively, without significant difference (p > 0.05) among treatments. The use of the same CIDR for up to three times was effective using 9-day estrus synchronization protocols in dairy goats.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reusing a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device for up to three times in the reproductive performance of dairy goats raised in the semi-arid zone of northeastern Brazil. Forty-five goats were allocated into three hormone treatments, as follows: CIDR1x, treated with new CIDR during nine days. Two days prior to device removal, injections of 75 µg d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) were administrated. For the other treatments, the same hormone protocol was used, differing only by the use of the same CIDR for a second time in CIDR2x and for a third time in CIDR3x. The interval from device removal to the onset of estrus (13.3 ± 1.1h vs. 13.8 ± 2.6h vs. 13.3 ± 1.4h), as well as estrus duration (33.6 ± 7.3h vs. 29.6 ± 3.2h vs. 32.8 ± 4.5h), did not differ (p > 0.05) among groups CIDR1x, CIDR2x and CIDR3x, respectively. All synchronized females were found to be in estrus. The overall fertility and prolificacy after artificial insemination were 82.2% and 1.9 kids, respectively, without significant difference (p > 0.05) among treatments. The use of the same CIDR for up to three times was effective using 9-day estrus synchronization protocols in dairy goats.
ABSTRACT
The use of native or cultivated crops in semi-arid region, such as the wild cassava, sorghum and cassava, can reduce costs, increase productivity and competitiveness of the production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three energy sources as a supplement of a wild cassava silage meal over the productive performance and carcass characteristics of growing goats. The experimental treatments were supplementation sources: cassava meal, cassava meal in association to wheat bran and sorghum middling and cassava meal in association to sorghum grain. Eighteen male goats with 14.06±3.61 kg of initial body weight were allocated into three groups in collective pens. The experimental design was a completely randomized with six replications by treatments. The supplementations were not affect the daily weight gain, total weight gain, body condition score, carcass characteristics (cold and hot carcass weight and dressing), carcass measurements (carcass length and depth and leg width, depth and length) and commercial meat cuts yields (leg, shoulder, rib, briscket and neck) . The cassava meal, in ration containing wild cassava silage with relations of 80% roughage and 20% concentrate, may substitute the grain of sorghum and the wheat bran.
A utilização de culturas nativas ou adaptadas ao semi-árido, como a maniçoba, o sorgo e a mandioca, na alimentação animal, pode reduzir os custos de produção, elevar os índices de produtividade e conferir competitividade aos sistemas produtivos. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito de fontes energéticas em rações à base de silagem de maniçoba sobre o desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de caprinos. Os tratamentos consistiram de fontes suplementares, raspa de mandioca, raspa de mandioca associada ao farelo de trigo e ao sorgo grão moído e raspa de mandioca em associação ao sorgo grão moído. Foram utilizados 18 caprinos machos, com peso corporal inicial médio de 14,06±3,61 kg, distribuídos em três grupos e mantidos em baias coletivas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições por tratamento. As suplementações não afetaram o ganho médio diário, o ganho de peso total, o escore de condição corporal, as características de carcaça (pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria), as medidas da carcaça (comprimento e profundidade de carcaça e largura, profundidade e comprimento de pernil) e os rendimentos de cortes cárneos comerciais (pernil, paleta, pescoço, carré e costela). A raspa de mandioca, em rações contendo silagem de maniçoba na proporção de 80% de volumoso e 20% de concentrado, pode substituir o grão de sorgo
ABSTRACT
The use of native or cultivated crops in semi-arid region, such as the wild cassava, sorghum and cassava, can reduce costs, increase productivity and competitiveness of the production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three energy sources as a supplement of a wild cassava silage meal over the productive performance and carcass characteristics of growing goats. The experimental treatments were supplementation sources: cassava meal, cassava meal in association to wheat bran and sorghum middling and cassava meal in association to sorghum grain. Eighteen male goats with 14.06±3.61 kg of initial body weight were allocated into three groups in collective pens. The experimental design was a completely randomized with six replications by treatments. The supplementations were not affect the daily weight gain, total weight gain, body condition score, carcass characteristics (cold and hot carcass weight and dressing), carcass measurements (carcass length and depth and leg width, depth and length) and commercial meat cuts yields (leg, shoulder, rib, briscket and neck) . The cassava meal, in ration containing wild cassava silage with relations of 80% roughage and 20% concentrate, may substitute the grain of sorghum and the wheat bran.
A utilização de culturas nativas ou adaptadas ao semi-árido, como a maniçoba, o sorgo e a mandioca, na alimentação animal, pode reduzir os custos de produção, elevar os índices de produtividade e conferir competitividade aos sistemas produtivos. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito de fontes energéticas em rações à base de silagem de maniçoba sobre o desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de caprinos. Os tratamentos consistiram de fontes suplementares, raspa de mandioca, raspa de mandioca associada ao farelo de trigo e ao sorgo grão moído e raspa de mandioca em associação ao sorgo grão moído. Foram utilizados 18 caprinos machos, com peso corporal inicial médio de 14,06±3,61 kg, distribuídos em três grupos e mantidos em baias coletivas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições por tratamento. As suplementações não afetaram o ganho médio diário, o ganho de peso total, o escore de condição corporal, as características de carcaça (pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria), as medidas da carcaça (comprimento e profundidade de carcaça e largura, profundidade e comprimento de pernil) e os rendimentos de cortes cárneos comerciais (pernil, paleta, pescoço, carré e costela). A raspa de mandioca, em rações contendo silagem de maniçoba na proporção de 80% de volumoso e 20% de concentrado, pode substituir o grão de sorgo