ASSOSIATION ANALYSYS OF 11 POLYMORPHISMS OF SNPS WITH ENDOTHELIUM DEPENDENT VASODILATATION IN CHILDREN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1.

We have studied the association with the level of the endothelium dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) among 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10 genes in 45 children suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1. Following polymorphisms have been studied: G894→T of the eNOS exon 7 and Т-786→С of the eNOS promotor, А1266→G of the Eln exon 16, Т-381→C of the NPPB promotor, І\D of the ACE, Arg60→His of the LMP2, Met235→Thr of the AGT, A1166→C of the ATR1, C-1562→T of the MMP9, C-1306→T of the MMP2, and С-8→G of the PSMA6. It was shown that children with genotypes G/T by eNOS (G894→T), G/G by Eln (А1266→G), C/C by NPPB (Т-381→C) and І/D by ACE genes have lower EDVD (Р<0,05) than patients with others allelic variants of these genes, and this does not depend on duration of the disease, level of glicated hemoglobin and initial diameter of a humeral (brachial) artery. The combination of the above-stated genotypes influences most significantly on EDVD decrease (r=0,61; Р<0,01), comparing to each genotype separately.

[The prognostic significance of factors predisposing to the occurrence of pyelonephritis]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie faktorov, predraspolagaiushchikh k vozniknoveniiu pielonefrita.

With the purpose of studying factors which might be pathogenetically interrelated with predisposition to pyelonephritis and used in clinical settings for diagnosis, the authors analyzed 275 records of pediatric patients having been examined in an in-patient facility for pyelonephritis. Clinical records of 106 children free from uronephrologic pathology were used as a comparison group. The examination was done by clinical, laboratory and biochemical, immunologic, functional and roentgenoradiologic techniques, as well as by making use of a medicogenetic approach. The analysis done allowed identification of both eliminable and uneliminable risk factors for pyelonephritis in the children, with the assessment-prognostic table having been provided for giving prognosis of risk of pyelonephritis development in children in each particular case, to be used in clinical settings.

[Fibronectin and its significance in pyelonephritis]. / Fibronektin i ego znachenie pri pielonefrite.

Fibronectin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 68 patients with pyelonephritis and 10 patients with chronic cystitis. The patients with chronic cystitis, acute and chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis exhibited significantly high average blood fibronectin levels, whereas those with chronic obstructive pyelonephritis displayed the levels slightly different from those observed in healthy individuals. Hypofibronectinemia was detected in 23.3% of patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Preincubation of the neutrophils isolated from pyelonephritis patients with fibronectin increased the initially low phagocytic capacity without enhancing their metabolic activity. In experimental pyelonephritis, administration of exogenous fibronectin was demonstrated to contribute to a rapid bacterial elimination from the kidneys, to decrease the intensity of an inflammatory response, to prevent renal histostructural lesions, to enhance the functional activity of immunocompetent cells and to stabilize their membranes. The findings may serve the basis for using fibronectin in clinical practice as a promising agent to treat pyelonephritis.

[Problem of pathogenesis of Mycoplasma infection]. / K voprosu o patogeneze mikoplazmennoi infektsii.

It has been shown that irrespective of the primary focus of affliction, M. hominis-induced infection should be regarded as a systemic disease characterized by an immune-mediated inflammation which is contributed to by blood kallikrein-kinin system activation resulting in changes in the coagulative system and fibrinolysis until disseminated intravascular coagulation develops. This allows one to interpret in a new fashion the etiology of some diseases proceeding with signs of vasculitis.

[A crystallographic method in the diagnosis of kidney diseases]. / Kristallograficheskii metod v diagnostike zabolevanii pochek.

Structural aspects of copper chloride crystallization of the urine of patients with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis were studied by electron microscopy. It was found that admixtures of urea, creatinine, potassium and, possibly, sodium contained in the urine of patients initiate the formation of copper chloride crystals of different sizes, their shape changes, dendritic and spherolithic crystallization occurs. Results may be used as supplementary differential diagnostic signs of glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis.

[Effect of interferon on the course of experimental E coli-induced pyelonephritis]. / Vliianie interferona na techenie eksperimental'nogo kolibatsilliarnogo pielonefrita.

The effect of the type I interferon on the development and process of experimental pyelonephritis caused by E. coli was studied on mice weighing 12 to 14 g. Interferon was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 1000 units on days 3 and 7 of the disease. It was shown that the administration of the type I interferon to the mice with experimental pyelonephritis promoted rapid elimination of bacteria from the kidneys, prevented their penetration to the contralateral (intact) kidney, prevented marked macro- and microscopic damages in the kidneys, lowered the intensity of the inflammatory reaction, and increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and the number of the E-rosette-forming lymphocytes in the thymus. The data provided experimental grounding for clinical trials of interferon preparations in treatment of bacterial pyelonephritis.

[Diagnostic possibilities of a crystallographic method in pyelonephritis in children]. / Diagnosticheskie vozmozhnosti kristalloopticheskogo metoda pielonefrite u detei.

Diagnostic potentialities of the crystallo-optic++ analysis of cupric chloride crystallographs++ were studied in 76 children with pyelonephritis and in 50 children with glomerulonephritis. The structural and morphological characteristics of cupric chloride crystallization under the influence of the urine from children with pyelo- and glomerulonephritis may serve as the additional differential-diagnostic signs of the diseases. The use of raster electron microscopy widens the diagnostic potentialities of the crystallographic method. Different dimensions of the little crystals formed as a result of isomorphic replacement of copper atoms by potassium ions (and, possibly, by sodium ions) and in the presence of urea and creatinine underlie the differences in cupric chloride crystallographs.

[Interferon in the modulation of the immune response in pyelonephritis caused by Staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. / Interferon v moduliatsii immunnogo otveta pri stafilokokkovom i sinegnoinom pielonefrite.

In experiments on mice the influence of mouse serum interferon, type I, on immune response in pyelonephritis caused by staphylococci and P. aeruginosa has been studied. The immunomodulating action of interferon and its therapeutic effectiveness have been shown to depend on the etiology of the disease. When injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 1,000 ED, interferon produces a pronounced therapeutic effect in pyelonephritis caused by P. aeruginosa and no effect in pyelonephritis of staphylococcal etiology. Type I interferon introduced in the dose used in this investigation has no influence on the killer activity of spleen lymphocytes, enhances the activity of the complement and the production of antibodies, produces a leukopenic effect and, depending on the etiology of pyelonephritis, exerts influence on the activity of dehydrogenases, the number of EAC- and E-rosette-forming cells, the oxidation metabolism of neutrophils and their phagocytic activity.

[Immunoenzyme determination of fibrinogen and its degradation products in kidney diseases]. / Immunofermentnoe opredelenie fibrinogena i produktov ego rasshepleniia pri zabolevaniiakh pochek.

Immunoenzymatic assay (IEA) was used to study the content of fibrinogen and its splitting products (FSP) in patients with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. The active phase of the disease was characterized by a marked increase of the fibrinogen content and FSP in the blood. The changes reflect the process of activation of the blood coagulation system with hypercoagulation phenomena. Immunoenzymatic assay is perspective for the evaluation of the state of hemostasis in renal diseases and for controlling treatment efficacy.

[Chemiluminescence of blood and urine in children with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis]. / Khemiliuminestsentsiia syvorotki krovi i mochi u detei, bol'nykh pielo- i glomerulonefritom.

It was established during the study of blood serum and urine chemiluminescence in 57 children with pyelonephritis and in 38 children with glomerulonephritis that in the active disease stage, the intensity of overfaint luminescence rises as a result of lipid peroxidation (LPO) activation, accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and oxygen-containing radicals. Four types of the kinetic curves of urine chemiluminescence were identified. They characterize the correlation between LPO activation and the level of antiradical defence in patients suffering from pyelo- and glomerulonephritis. The measurement of urine chemiluminescence in patients afflicted with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis may be one of the criteria for administering drugs possessing antiradical and antioxidant activity and can also be used in the control over the treatment efficacy.