ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ca2+ signalling mediated by the thermosensitive, non-selective, Ca2+ -permeable transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 is assumed to play a critical role in regulating several aspects of skin functions, such as keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, skin barrier formation and wound healing. Studying the function of TRPV3 in skin homeostasis, however, is still constrained by a lack of potent and selective pharmacological modulators of TRPV3. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: By screening an in-house compound library using fluorometric intracellular Ca2+ assays, we identified two chemically related hits. The more potent and efficient TRPV3 activator 2-(2-chloro-3-isopropylcyclopent-2-en-1-yl)-4-methylphenol (KS0365) was further evaluated in fluo-4-assisted Ca2+ assays, different Ca2+ imaging approaches, electrophysiological studies, cytotoxicity and migration assays. KEY RESULTS: KS0365 activated recombinant and native mouse TRPV3 more potently and with a higher efficacy compared with 2-APB and did not activate TRPV2 or TRPV4 channels. The activation of TRPV3 by KS0365 super-additively accelerated the EGF-induced keratinocyte migration, which was inhibited by the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red or by siRNA-mediated TRPV3 knockdown. Moreover, KS0365 induced strong Ca2+ responses in migrating front cells and in leading edges of keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The selective TRPV3 activator KS0365 triggers increases in [Ca2+ ]i with most prominent signals in the leading edge and accelerates migration of keratinocytes. TRPV3 activators may promote re-epithelialization upon skin wounding.
Subject(s)
Keratinocytes , TRPV Cation Channels , Animals , Mice , Cell Differentiation , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , TRPV Cation Channels/agonists , TRPV Cation Channels/physiology , Wound Healing/physiologyABSTRACT
Delayed cerebellar ataxia (DCA) is a rare post-malarial neurological complication with unknown pathomechanism characterized by its self-limiting course and favorable outcome. We report a case of DCA following an uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection in a 30-year old Swiss traveler returning from Cameroon and discuss the case in light of the published literature.
Subject(s)
Cerebellar Ataxia , Malaria, Falciparum , Malaria , Nervous System Diseases , Adult , Cerebellar Ataxia/etiology , Humans , Malaria, Falciparum/complications , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Medical History Taking , Plasmodium falciparumABSTRACT
Cerebral malaria is a life-threatening complication of Plasmodia infection and a major cause of child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. We report that protection from experimental cerebral malaria in the rodent model is obtained by a single intravenous or subcutaneous whole-parasite immunization. Whole-parasite immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites was equally protective as immunization with non-attenuated sporozoites under chemoprophylaxis. Both immunization regimens delayed the development of blood-stage parasites, but differences in cellular and humoral immune mechanisms were observed. Single-dose whole-parasite vaccination might serve as a relatively simple and feasible immunization approach to prevent life-threatening cerebral malaria.
