[Epidemiological Analysis of Imported Malaria in Xinjiang from 2004 to 2015].

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Xinjiang. Methods: The information of reported malaria cases and epidemiological records from various sources in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2015 was collected. The epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases were analyzed. Results: Seventy-seven malaria cases were reported in Xinjiang from 2004 to 2015, and all were imported cases. In detail, 42 cases （54.5%） were reported during the time period of 2004-2009, with 24 laboratory diagnosed and 18 clinically diagnosed; 35 cases （45.5%） were reported from 2010 to 2015, with 27 laboratory diagnosed and 8 clinically diagnosed. Among the 51 cases with laboratory diagnosis, 18 were falciparum malaria, 31 were vivax malaria, and 2 unidentified. The male-to-female ratio was 6.7 ∶ 1（P<0.05）. The age range of the patients was 14-75 years （39.7 ± 13.3 years）, comprising 26.0% （20/77） for the range of 31-40 years and 24.7% （19/77） for the range of 41-50（P>0.05 among the age groups）. From the perspective of case sources, 28 cases （36.4%） were imported from Africa and 49 cases（63.6%） from Asia (including other provinces of China). The interval from onset to final diagnosis ranged 1-320 days. Only 3 patients（3.9%） were diagnosed within 24 h, and 59 patients（76.6%） were not diagnosed until or over one week. In addition, 28 cases（36.4%） were reported by medical institutions at the provincial level, 15 cases（19.5%） were reported by medical institutions at the prefecture level, 5 cases（6.5%） were reported by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the rest 29 cases（37.7%） were reported at the county level or below. No secondary transmission was found. Conclusion: Most of the imported malaria cases during 2004-2015 were diagnosed with laboratory tests, reported by medical institutions, and were from Africa and Asia.

[Epidemiological Survey of Echinococcosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2012].

Objective: To understand the endemic status of echinococcosis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, to provide scientific basis for planning and promoting control measures in this region. Methods Eight hundred people of all age ranges were examined in each of the selected agricultural area, pastoral area, pastoral-agricultural area, and township area of 92 counties in 14 prefectures in Xinjiang during March and October of 2012, resulting in a total of 3 200 people surveyed in each county. B ultrasonic abdominal scan was performed, accompanied by serum antibody detection for suspected cases. Methods: Eight hundred people of all age ranges were examined in each of the selected agricultural area, pastoral area, pastoral-agricultural area, and township area of 92 counties in 14 prefectures in Xinjiang during March and October of 2012, resulting in a total of 3 200 people surveyed in each county. B ultrasonic abdominal scan was performed, accompanied by serum antibody detection for suspected cases. Results: A total of 293 140 people were examined. The overall morbidity was 0.14%（407/293 140）. The morbidity in the north region was 0.18%（290/158 985, 71.25%of all the cases）, and that in the south region was 0.09%（117/134 155, 28.75% of all the cases）（P<0.05 between the regions）. The cases were mainly distributed in Urumqi City（19.90%, 81/407）, Tarbagatai Prefecture（13.27%, 54/407）, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture（13.02%, 53/407） and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture（9.83%, 40/407）. The prevalence was higher in Mongolian［0.42%（21/5 045）］ and Kirgiz ［0.35%（32/9 045）］ than in other ethnic groups（0.07%-0.22%）（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in prevalence between males［0.13%（195/144 715）］ and females［0.14%（212/148 425）］ （P>0.05）. The prevalence was lowest in the 0-9 year group［0.07%（7/10 754）］, and higher in the the age groups of 70-79［0.27%（33/12 310）］ and 80-99 years［0.28%（7/2 461）］, showing a trend of elevation with ageing. Further, the cases were mainly in the population of 30-49 years（43%, 175/407）. The prevalence was higher in the uneducated［0.25%, 39/15 470］ than in the educated populations（0.06%-0.14%）（P＜0.05）, and higher in pastoralists［0.29%, 63/22 074］ than in populations with other occupations（0.00%-0.13%）（P<0.05）. The prevalence in pastoral area, agricultural area, pastoral-agricultural area, and township area was 0.16%（70/44 247）, 0.16%（181/113 016）, 0.12%（88/70 610） and 0.10%（68/65 267）, respectively. The township area had the lowest prevalence, which was significantly different from both the pastoral area and the agricultural area (P<0.05). Conclusion: Echincoccosis is widely distributed in Xinjiang, with more cases in the north.

[Epidemiological Survey on Human Intestinal Protozoa in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2015].

Objective: An epidemiological survey was made on human intestinal protozoa in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) to evaluate recent control achievements and provide basis for making specific control strategies. Methods: Regions in Xinjiang were categorized by types of ecological system and geographical characteristics into five ecological areas（types I-V） according to the National Ecological Function Stratification issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection and Chinese Academy of Science and Technology. Stratification sampling was made in each ecological area. Feces from human of all ages were collected for morphological identification of protozoan species using the Iodine Liquid Direct Smear Method. Results: In the five ecological areas, 26 886 people from 132 survey sites in 39 counties (cities) were examined, with an examination rate of 81.47% （26 886/33 000）. The infection rate was 0.32%（85/26 886）. Four species of intestinal protozoa were detected, i.e., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, and Entamoeba coli, with an infection rate of 0.22% （60/26 886）, 0.03% （9/26 886）, 0.01% （2/26 886） and 0.61% （17/26 886）, respectively. Of the five areas, the type IV area had the highest infection rate of 0.75%（28/3 758）（P<0.05）. Besides, the infection rate was higher in males （0.24%, 33/13 623） than that in females （0.39%, 52/13 263） （P<0.05）, higher in age ranges of 21-30（1.40%, 16/3 959） and 31-40 years（0.46%, 22/4 799） than other age groups （P>0.05）, higher in housewives （0.48%, 2/418） than those with other occupations, higher in the Hui group （0.61%, 15/2 445） than that in other ethnic groups, as well as highest in populations with a primary education level （0.37%, 35/9 375） and lowest in those with a college level or above（0.20%, 8/3 945）. Conclusion: The human intestinal protozoa infection was at a low level in Xinjiang in 2015.