Beyond audit: Embracing QI methodology to drive improvements in lung-protective ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation supports patients with respiratory failure during critical illness. Evidence suggests that excessive tidal volumes (regarded as >8 mL/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) cause lung damage through increased lung stretch and alveolar inflammation. Lung-protective ventilation strategies have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality, and that all patients should receive tidal volumes between 6 and 8 mls/kg PBW. Despite this, studies demonstrate that fewer than half of patients in critical care successfully receive lung-protective ventilation. AIM: The primary aim was to reduce tidal volumes delivered to all patients receiving mandatory ventilation, with a target of >85% of tidal volumes delivered to be compliant with lung-protective ventilation strategies by the end of November 2019. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team of nurses and doctors, based in a UK tertiary hospital, utilized the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) quality improvement methodology to improve compliance with lung-protective ventilation. RESULTS: Baseline data demonstrated that only 60.1% of tidal volumes recorded were compliant with lung-protective ventilation. Quality improvement (QI) methodology was utilized to systematically diagnose the aetiology of poor compliance and to produce and implement solutions. Real-time data collection and reporting were utilized to monitor and report improvement. Following 8 months of continuous data collection and repeated PDSA cycles, sustainable compliance with lung-protective ventilation for >85% of tidal volumes was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The use of QI methodology to implement low tidal volume ventilation has shown a significant improvement in the delivery of lung-protective ventilation. Using QI methodology is central to this sustained improvement and offers a useful tool to systematically approach complex clinical problems. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Lung protective ventilation is critically important in the management of ventilated patients, although compliance in intensive care is variable. Here, we describe how quality improvement methodology can lead to consistent and sustainable improvement in the delivery of lung protective ventilation.

Are weekend handovers of adequate quality for the on-call general medical team?

Weekend handover is vital for patient safety--poor handover is a cause of avoidable adverse events. This study evaluated whether the quality of information handed over for patients requiring weekend review was adequate. Two external doctors imagined themselves as the doctor on-call and judged whether the handed-over information was adequate for each case. Of the 1,130 handovers evaluated, 867 were handed over using a computerised proforma and discussed at the handover meeting, 148 using the computerised proforma but not discussed, 30 handovers were handwritten. Of handovers of patient details and background information, 87.3% were judged of adequate quality by the first auditor and 86.0% by the second. Similarly 70.6% and 75.8% of handovers of action plans were of adequate quality. Use of computerised proforma and discussion at a handover meeting gave the highest percentage of handovers of adequate quality, however, there was room for improvement. Training in handover may improve communication.

The management of recurrent VTE in cancer patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: the use of dual anticoagulant therapy combined with an IVC filter.

Recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs frequently in cancer patients, yet there is little published literature to guide clinicians in the management of these patients who are already receiving therapeutic anticoagulation. We report two patients with progressive solid malignancies who presented with recurrent VTE despite therapeutic anticoagulation with once-daily dalteparin. We describe how a novel aggressive strategy using a combination of therapeutic dalteparin twice daily and a vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) prevented further VTE.

Lanthanum associated abnormal liver function tests in two patients on dialysis: a case report.

Lanthanum (La) is a phosphate binder used in patients on dialysis in the UK. As it has only recently been in use, there are no long-term data about safety of this rare metal in human subjects with renal failure on renal replacement therapy. La has not been previously reported to cause any adverse reactions apart from nausea, sickness, dialysis graft occlusion and abdominal pain. We report here La induced abnormal liver function tests in a male and a female patient of 70 and 44 years old each, on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD) respectively, the first report of such an adverse reaction to this agent.