ABSTRACT
This review has been written to highlight the threat of biological warfare agents, their types and detection. Bacterial biological agent Bacillus anthracis (bacteria causing the disease anthrax) which is most likely to be employed in biological warfare is being discussed in detail. Standoff detection of biological warfare agents in aerosol form using Ultra violet-Laser Induced Fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectroscopy method has been studied. Range-resolved detection and identification of biological aerosols by both nano-second and non-linear femto-second LIDAR is also discussed. Calculated received fluorescence signal for a cloud of typical biological agent Bacillus globigii (Simulants of B. anthracis) at a location of ~5.0 km at different concentrations in presence of solar background radiation has been described. Overview of current research efforts in internationally available working UV-LIF LIDAR systems are also mentioned briefly.
Subject(s)
Biological Warfare Agents , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/instrumentation , Anthrax/microbiology , Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification , Equipment Design , Fluorescence , Humans , Lasers , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
An efficient vibrationally selective technique to build-up the vâ³=1 vibrational levels in gaseous hydrogen is demonstrated using stimulated Raman pumping (SRP). Both photo-acoustic Raman spectroscopy (PARS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) are used to study non-radiative and radiative (vâ³=0 and vâ³=1) transitions in gaseous H(2) molecules. The population fraction in the vâ³=1 vibrational level has been estimated using combined photo-acoustic and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with stimulated Raman pumping.
