[Immunoprevention of staphylococcal infections at an industrial enterprise]. / Immunoprofilaktika stafilokokkovykh infektsii na promyshlennom predpriiatii.

The immunogenicity, immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of the subcutaneous, enteral and combined immunizations of the workers at a steel plant with staphylococcal toxoid has been studied. The subcutaneous injection of the adsorbed toxoid in a dose of 0.2 ml by means of the jet injector, model, was accompanied by moderate reactogenicity (the frequency of local reactions was 26.8%, and the frequency of systemic reaction 18%) and produced 4-fold increase in antitoxin titers and 12-fold decrease in the morbidity rate of staphyloccal infection. Enteral immunization in 3 administrations proved to be nonreactogenic and only slightly effective (antitoxin titers increased more than 2-fold, morbidity rate fell 2-fold). Combined immunization (subcutaneous and enteral) with the toxoid, preceded by the injection of gamma globulin, reduced the frequency of reaction 2- to 3-fold and stimulated antitoxin production (the titer increased 8-fold), thus decreasing the morbidity rate of staphylococcal infection 3.1-fold.

[Effect of delayed hypersensitivity on the development of an intradermal focus of a staphylococcal infection]. / Vliianie giperchuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa na razvitie vnutrikozhnogo ochaga stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) was induced in rabbits by introducing killed St. aureus culture in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. 7 days later the animals were infected intradermally with alpha-toxigenic and leukocidin-active St. aureus strains. Under these conditions DH shown to decrease the resistance of the organism of the infection: the infective agent could be isolated from the inoculation site and the regional lymph nodes for a longer period (5-6 days) than in healthy and immunized animals. The active penetration of the infective agent into the kidneys was observed. A suggestion was made that the development of DH resulted in the appearance of the potential possibility of auto- and reinfection in the body: starting from days 7-8 after the inoculated staphylococcal strains were eliminated from the organism, staphylococci could be again isolated from the kidneys and the lymph nodes. No connection between the toxinogenicity of St. aureus strain and the character of the development of the intradermal infection focus was revealed in the sensitized animals.

[Efficacy of the per os immunization and reimmunization of man with staphylococcal anatoxin]. / Effektivnost' immunizatsii i reimmunizatsii liudei per os stafilokokkovym anatoksinom.

By double immunization of 72 persons and single reimmunization of 38 persons per os with tablets containing 100 BU of purified concentrated staphylococcus toxoid (PCST) it was revealed that this immunization was harmless and the immunological response was adequate. The tablets were intended for application through the oral mucosa (oral) or the intestinal tract (enteral); the immunological response depended on the dose of the preparation and the scheme of administration. A high sensitization of healthy persons examined to staphylococcus was found. There was a tendency to reduction of hypersensitivity after the immunization with staphylococcus toxoid (examination in 6 months) and activation of reactions after the antigen administration (examination in 14 days).

[Sensitizing properties of strains of stpahylococci differing in toxigenicity in the immediate hypersensitivity reaction]. / Sensibiliziruiushchie svoistva razlichnykh po toksigennosti shtammov stafilokokka v reaktsii nemedlennoi giperchuvstvitel'nosti

The author presents the results of studies on the effect of staphylococcus toxin formation on the origination of allergic reaction. Staph. aureus strains, active producers of the alpha- and gamma-hemolysin, leukocidin, and Staph. epidermidis strains possessing no pathogenicity signs (a total of 8 strains) were used for the sensitization. Guinea pigs and rabbits served for the reproduction of anaphylactic shock and passive skin anaphylaxis after Ovary. Toxigenic properties of the strain were not the dominating factor in the formation of an allergic reaction of the organism. Immediate sensitization reaction occurred in the animals in response to the toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains not only after the administration of a reacting dose of homologous, but also of other strains of different toxigenicity. Sensitization reaction with Staph. aureus strains was more pronounced. Sensitization of the organism with Staph. epidermidis strains (possessing no pathogenicity signs) is also possible.

[General regularities of the macrophage reaction in the administration of various antigens and the phagocytosis of microorganisms]. / Obshchie zakonomernosti reaktsii makrofagov pri vvedenii razlichnykh antigenov i fagotsitoze mikroorganizmov

A study of ingestion and elimination of cells of peritoneal exudate (CPE) of mouse labeled antigens of various physico-chemical nature with a simultaneous analysis of their influence on the function of the enzymatic systems of macrophages showed that both the corpuscular (sheep erythrocytes, typhoid vaccine) and the soluble (albumin, endotoxin of S. typhi, tetanus and staphylococcus toxoid) antigens caused a unitypical reaction of the cells of monocytic phagocytic system. Thirty minutes after the administration the principal mass of labeled antigens (albumin, typhoid vaccine, sheep erythrocytes) was phagocytized by macrophages and was revealed chiefly in their phagolysosomal fraction. The greater part of radioactive material was eliminated in the course of the first 24 hours; however, some of it could be found in the macrophages for a long time. During the process of phagocytosis the activity of lysosomal (catepsin, acid phosphatase, desoxyribonuclease, beta-glucoronidase) enzymes in the macrophages decreased and the activity of redox (succinic dehydrogenase, NAD-N2-diaphorase) enzymes became intensified. A fall of catepsin activity in the CPE of mice 30 minutes after the intraperitoneal administration of the antigens was accompanied by its activation in the cells of the spleen.

[Histopathology and histochemistry of a focus of staphylococcal infection in a sensitized body (material concerning pathogenesis)]. / K gistopatologii i gistokhimii ochaga stafilokokkovi infektsii v sensibilizirovannom organizme (materialy k patogenezu)

Rabbits were sensitized with a killed St. aureus culture (alpha-toxigenic 0-15 strain); one week later the were infected intradermally with a virulent leukocidin-active St. aureus V8 or with the 0-15 strain. A hyperegic inflammation with the signs of reaction observed in hypersensitivity of delayed type was revealed at the site of infection in 24 hours. On the seond day this process was supervened by an intensive leukocytic infiltration characteristic of this infection, with the subsequent suppuration. Beginning from the earliest stages of the process and up to its decline the inflammatory exudate displayed hyaluronic and sialic acids; they could perform functions of the nonspecific immunity factors in the focus. It was revealed at the terminal stage of the process that the organism did not react by the inflammatory reaction to the presence of the microbes remaining near the focus. Consequently, the tolerance of the organism to the microbe was revealed; this tolerance was possibly conditioned by the presence of sialic acids in the focus. Leukocytes with the phagocytized microbes appeared in the veins nearest to the focus. Histochemical shifts in the focus can be the cause of the incompleteness of phagocytosis. The tropism of staphylococci of the V8 strain to the collagen fibers was revealed.

[Study of the functional activity of the macrophages of animals immunized with staphylococcal alpha-anatoxin]. / Izuchenie funktsional'noi aktivnosti makrofagov zhivotnykh, immunizirovannykh stafilokokkovym al'fa-anatoksinom

A study was made by histochemical methods of the activity of the enzymatic systems of macrophages from normal rabbits and those immunized with staphylococcus alpha-toxoid per se and infected with the strains of staphylococcus--producers of alpha-toxin or leukocydin. Immunization of rabbits was accompanied by a reduction in macrophages of the activity of the group of lysosomal enzymes and by an increase in the activity of the redox enzymes. In infection of "immune" macrophages with the living culture of the alpha-toxigenic strains the mentioned changes were more pronounced; no such changes were found after the infection with the leukocydin-active strain. The data obtained suggested that the lysosomal enzymes played a definite role in the process of phagocytosis.