ABSTRACT
Changes in adaptive functioning subsequent to a group home placement was assessed for deinstitutionalized and previously non-institutionalized adults with mental retardation. Results indicated that both groups experienced a significant increase in overall adaptive functioning subsequent to group home placement. The results also indicated that neither group experienced a significantly greater increase in adaptive behaviour compared to the other. Additionally, it was found that the deinstitutionalized group functioned at a higher adaptive level overall than did the previously non-institutionalized group. These results are consistent with previous research regarding the benefits of a group home placement on deinstitutionalized individuals. This research extends previous research by demonstrating that group home placements also have a significant impact on the adaptive behaviour of previously non-institutionalized individuals.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Group Homes , Intellectual Disability , Residential Treatment , Adult , Deinstitutionalization , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The short and long-term effects of a parent-infant training program for biologically handicapped infants was evaluated in terms of maternal locus of control. Twenty-four infants were evaluated on five developmental scales measuring motor, cognitive, and language functioning over a four-year period. Developmental gains on these indices were regressed against maternal locus of control partialing maternal education and socioeconomic status out of the relationship. The results indicated that maternal locus of control accounted for a substantial portion of variance in the developmental gains following the program intervention period. This was especially true for the cognitive and language indices. Locus of control in the mother, however, was not related to the motor indices, nor did it relate to cognitive and language gains achieved during the program intervention period. The results are discussed in terms of the mother's perceived contribution to infant progress in programs designed to produce sustained gains in early infant development.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Internal-External Control , Mothers/psychology , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/psychologySubject(s)
Dyslexia/psychology , Memory , Mental Recall , Child , Form Perception , Humans , Reaction Time , Set, PsychologyABSTRACT
A choice reaction-time experiment was performed in which probe stimulus probability and probe stimulus quality were orthogonally manipulated. Subjects were retarded and nonretarded junior high school students. The stimuli were random forms presented at four probability levels in order to assess the effect of stimulus probability on the encoding process. The results indicated that the retarded subjects appeared to be less sensitive than did the nonretarded subjects to stimulus-probability information, particularly under degraded stimulus conditions. The results were discussed in terms of the relative sensitivity of retarded and nonretarded persons to stimulus-probability information and the effect of such information on the encoding process.
Subject(s)
Form Perception , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Adolescent , Humans , Intelligence , Reaction TimeABSTRACT
Maisto and Jerome (1977) reported a choice reaction time (RT) study relating the rate of memory scan to level of intellectual functioning. In this study, slope and intercept values of the RT function were found to be inversely related. Silverman (1978) has raised some concern over the conclusions reached by Maisto and Jerome due to the slope-intercept relationship revealed in their study, which seemingly violates one of the underlying assumptions of the additive factor method. Data were presented from previously reported research that places a number of studies with retarded persons as subjects suspect to this violation. Possible explanations for this finding were also provided.
Subject(s)
Factor Analysis, Statistical , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Memory , Mental Recall , Reaction Time , Adolescent , HumansSubject(s)
Hospitalization , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Self Mutilation , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aggression , Brain Damage, Chronic/psychology , Child , Female , Humans , Intelligence , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Sex Ratio , Stereotyped BehaviorABSTRACT
A choice reaction-time experiment was performed in order to assess the encoding and memory-scanning processes of nonretarded and retarded adolescents. Random forms were used as stimuli, with stimulus-set sizes of 2, 3, and 4. The encoding process was evaluated by means of a stimulus-quality manipulation. The results indicated that both the rate of encoding and memory scanning are related to level of intellectual functioning. In addition, evidence suggesting an interdependence of these memory processes, at least for the retarded subjects, was revealed.
Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability/psychology , Memory , Visual Perception , Adolescent , Discrimination, Psychological , Form Perception , Humans , Intelligence , Perceptual Masking , Reaction TimeSubject(s)
Child Development , Information Theory , Perceptual Masking , Reaction Time , Visual Perception , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , HumansABSTRACT
The ordinal position hypothesis of serial learning was tested using a population of mentally retarded subjects (IQ=46 to 86). The subjects learned two serial lists by either the serial-recall of serial-anticipation procedures. One-half of the items from the first list retained their same serial positions in the second list (experimental items); the other half were switched to new positions (control items). Support for the ordinal-position hypothesis (faster learning of experimental than control items) was obtained only when the first serial list was learned by the serial-anticipation procedure. The results were consistent with earlier findings using nonretarded subjects.
