Immunohistochemical evaluation of prime molecules in cervical lesions towards assessment of malignant potentiality.

OBJECTIVE: A comparative immunohistochemical evaluation of p63, CD105, and E-cadherin expression pattern in histopathologically confirmed normal cervical epithelium (NCM), dysplastic cervical epithelium (DYS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of uterine cervix towards assessing malignant potentiality of the precancerous condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biopsies from cervical mucosa (normal, dysplasia, and cancer) were studied by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and by immunohistochemistry for p63, E-cadherin, and CD105 expression. The expressions of these molecules were assessed in a semiquantitative way by (i) counting p63 cell population and distribution, (ii) intensity scoring of E-cadherin along the expression path, and (iii) measuring CD105 expression density. RESULT: p63+ cells were highest in carcinomas followed by dysplasia and normal. An abrupt increase in CD105 expression was observed through change of normal to dysplasia and cancer. A decrease in membranous E-cadherin expression was noticed in the transformation from normal to precancer and cancers. CONCLUSION: The malignant potential of the dysplastic conditions is likely to be correlated with upregulation in p63 and CD105 expression and a simultaneous downregulation of membranous E-cadherin.

Adenomyoepithelial Adenosis of Breast: A Rare Case Report.

Myoepithelial cells of the breast and their hyperplasia is found in many benign conditions resulting in a spectrum of lesions of myoepitheliosis to myoepithelial carcinoma. We present a rare case of adenomyoepithelial adenosis in a 17-year-old female who presented with a palpable right breast lump. Although considered benign, adenomyoepithelial lesions have a high chance of recurrence due to inadequate excision. Recurrence and even metastasis are therefore important issues in the follow-up of adenomyoepithelial lesions.

Integrated cervical smear screening using liquid based cytology and bioimpedance analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To minimize the false negativity in cervical cancer screening with Papanicolaou (Pap) test, there is a need to explore novel cytological technique and identification of unique and important cellular features from the perspectives of morphological as well as biophysical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study explores the feasibility of low-cost cervical monolayer techniques in extracting cyto-pathological features to classify normal and abnormal conditions. The cervical cells were also analyzed in respect to their electrical bioimpedance. RESULT: The results show that newly developed monolayer technique for cervical smears is cost effective, capable of cyto-pathological evaluation. Electrical bioimpedance study evidenced distinction between abnormal and normal cell population at more than two order of magnitude difference. CONCLUSION: The integration of bioimpedance observation along with the proposed low-cost monolayer technology could increase the efficiency of the cervical screening to a greater extent thereby reducing the rates of faulty diagnosis.

Goblet cell carcinoid of appendix: A rare case with literature review.

INTRODUCTION: The goblet cell carcinoid, a rare tumor of the appendix, is a separate entity from adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of goblet cell carcinoid in our institute who presented with acute abdominal symptoms simulating acute appendicitis. DISCUSSION: Goblet cell carcinoid is a rare neoplasm with distinct histological and clinical features. The diagnosis is essentially made on histological grounds. Still the exact biological behavior of this tumor is uncertain. CONCLUSION: Considering the difficulty of clinical suspicion of this tumor, presenting as appendicitis and incidentally found during appendectomies, we review the goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix using an illustrative case report.

Leiomyoma of kidney: An Indian experience with literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Leiomyoma of kidney is an exceptional finding in the urinary tract. Though most of these tumors are detected on autopsy, still it remains a diagnostic challenge. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report three adult cases of renal leiomyoma in our institute who presented with abdominal mass and haematuria in last 8 years. DISCUSSION: Leiomyoma has been reported in other organs but renal leiomyoma is rare tumour, though in autopsy series they are second in order of frequency among the renal mesenchymal neoplasms, and few cases have been described in the literature. Still no Indian experience is evaluated on this rare site of occurrence. CONCLUSION: Considering the difficulty of clinical diagnosis of this tumour, strong suspicion is indicated when a patient presents with voluminous, well circumscribed renal lesions.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast with ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis: An unusual case.

INTRODUCTION: Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast [SCCB] is rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of breast with ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis in a 58year old woman. DISCUSSION: It is a breast carcinoma entirely composed of metaplastic squamous cells that may be keratinized, non-keratinized or spindled. The pure squamous cell carcinoma usually present with central cystic cavity, which we found in our case, also supported by immunohistochemical evidence. CONCLUSION: Although a rare breast cancer subtype, SCCB is of considerable interest due to its pathological heterogeneity and differences in clinical behavior and less reported occurrence of nodal metastasis.