ABSTRACT
A 43 year old man presented with decreased sensitivity in the left side of the face and both upper limbs, and with upbeat nystagmus and skew deviation. MRI demonstrated a well defined lesion compatible with an infarct in the left side of the medulla, caudal and ventral to the vestibular nuclei, possibly involving the most caudal of the perihypoglossal nuclei, the nucleus intercalatus. Ocular motor studies, using an infrared system, showed that the nystagmus slow phase decayed exponentially, suggesting a failure of integration for vertical eye movements. Vertical integration might, therefore, be performed partly in the nucleus intercalatus.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Infarction/complications , Medulla Oblongata/blood supply , Nystagmus, Pathologic/etiology , Adult , Cerebral Infarction/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Medulla Oblongata/pathology , Nystagmus, Pathologic/pathologyABSTRACT
We report a of gelastic epilepsy. MRI showed a probable hamartoma in the diencephalic region.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/complications , Epilepsy/etiology , Hamartoma/complications , Laughter , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Hamartoma/diagnosis , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Stereotyped BehaviorABSTRACT
We report a case of intracerebral hemorrhage which occurred during a migraine in a 62 year-old woman who had migraine since the age of 20. The patient was normotensive. The angiograms were normal. Cerebral hemorrhage in migraine appears to be very rare: we found 6 reported cases that were compared with our own. The hypothesis of recirculation in an infarcted tissue and the possible role of dissecting aneurysms are examined.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Migraine Disorders/complications , Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
We studied 18 patients with transient ischemic accidents (TIA) and normal CT scan during the first 24 hours. MRI was performed 9 days later on average. MRI revealed abnormalities in 10 patients (56 p. 100), but only 5 of them (27 p. 100) had lesions corresponding to TIAs, and in every case these were in the carotid territory. In the 7 patients with clinical signs of TIA in the vertebro-basilar territory, MRI was always negative. In 5 patients (27 p. 100), MRI showed abnormalities that were unrelated to TIA. This study suggests that MRI is of limited value in detecting brain tissue abnormalities and is perhaps not more sensitive than CT in vertebro-basilar TIA. However, in view of the small number of patients these results must be interpreted with caution.
Subject(s)
Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Humans , Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnostic imaging , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
MR T2 Weighted sequences on the brain demonstrate disseminated "high signal zones" (HSZ) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis; these morphological alterations are corresponding to the plaques. From the very beginnings of MR in 1981, everybody recognizes the main importance of this fact. MR appears as the most sensible exploration in patients with M.S. But the signal alteration is not specific; the clinical considerations and the evolution are requested. The aim of this work is to give a reference tool for evolutive evaluation of the disease. A work station with a specially developed software are presented. The HSZ thresholding is partially automatic. The edition of a cerebral mapping is developed. These results are discussed.
Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentationABSTRACT
Among 4,538 neuroradiology cases gathered at the NOHC of the XV-XX, an oculomotor paralysis is the 3rd (37.65%) clinical circumstances justifying a computerized tomography (directional plane by the neuro-ocular plane or PNO). The interpretation of the investigations requires to index them in 7 groups of items, therefore a computerized access follows (cross-sorting data). The injury of the VI overcomes (39.61%) followed by the one of the III (33.68%), and the IV (6.35%). In spite of limitations, the study puts forward and debates about etiological frequencies sometimes different from those in the literature.
Subject(s)
Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/epidemiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Seventeen chronic cerebral infarcts were investigated by a highly sensitive, dedicated brain single photon emission computerized tomography system using 123I-isopropyl iodoamphetamine (IMP) and 133Xe. IMP uptake was measured 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 5 hours after injection, and regional cerebral blood flow was measured with 133Xe. In 4 cases a positron emission tomography system was used to measure the rCBF and the regional metabolic rate of oxygen with C15O2 and 15O2. The results obtained allowed us to identify 2 abnormal zones. One, the "central area," was characterized by a severe decrease in IMP uptake and rCBF averaging 34% and 46% respectively and by a hypodense image on the x-ray computerized tomography scan. The second, the periinfarct or "peripheral area" was characterized by a moderate decrease in IMP uptake and regional cerebral blood flow averaging 13 and 19% respectively; this area extended around the central area and had a normal density on computerized tomography scan. The IMP hypofixation of the peripheral area observed at the 10th minute tended to disappear at the 5th hour. The volume of this area was often found to be quite large, covering more than 30% of a hemisphere whereas the central area did not exceed 25%. Volume appeared to be correlated with the neurological status of the patient. The nature of the peripheral area is not established with certainty. It may be caused by deafferentation of areas not directly affected by the ischemic insult and/or selective ischemic neuronal loss. The results stress the important role played by the peripheral area, which may be useful in establishing the prognosis and evaluating the efficacy of therapy in individual stroke cases.
Subject(s)
Amphetamines , Cerebral Infarction/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Cerebral Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Infarction/metabolism , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Chronic Disease , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes , Iofetamine , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Tomography, Emission-ComputedABSTRACT
A left ophthalmoplegia and right hemiplegia were due to thrombosis of an intracavernous aneurysm with occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. Ophthalmoplegia with contralateral hemiplegia is probably a rare syndrome. Thrombosis of an intracavernous aneurysm is probably a rare cause of occlusion of the internal carotid artery.
Subject(s)
Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Hemiplegia/etiology , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/complications , Ophthalmoplegia/etiology , Aged , Female , HumansABSTRACT
A 12 year-old boy was investigated for progressive deformity of the left foot developing over 2 years. The foot was hollow with equinus varus and claw toes. Signs of a lesion of left L5 and S1 roots were present and spina bifida at L5 was noted on X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a tethered spinal cord associated with a lipoma at the level of the S1 vertebra. Modes of presentation and physiopathology of disorders related to tethered cords are reviewed and the diagnostic value of MRI is emphasized.
Subject(s)
Lipoma/diagnosis , Sacrum/pathology , Spinal Cord/abnormalities , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Child , Foot Deformities, Acquired/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Spina Bifida Occulta/diagnosisABSTRACT
In 1 case of occlusion of the basilar artery and 1 case of occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery a CT Scan performed within 24 hours of onset showed a high density area corresponding to the segmental arterial occlusion. In both cases on repeat CT Scans 5 and 9 days after the onset the high density area had disappeared.
Subject(s)
Aortic Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Basilar Artery , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Arterial Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Contrast Media , Female , Humans , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The authors analyzed the scans of 15 chronic schizophrenic patients, apparently deteriorated, all of whom were long standing in-patients. They found 11 pathological cases (6 cortical atrophies and ventricular enlargement, 3 ventricular enlargement, 1 cortical atrophy, 1 cerebellar atrophy). With one exception all these atrophies were slight. The authors findings are comparable with those already reported in other studies. The article also summarizes the results of earlier studies of schizophrenics, by pneumoencephalography which are similar. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn, for such a limited sample, in particular due to the lack of any visible correlation between the pictures obtained and clinical diagnosis or prognosis, the consistent appearance of tomographic anomalies justifies continued research on these lines.
