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1.
Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging ; 67(4): 271-279, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38054411

ABSTRACT

Skeletal metastatic disease accounts for significant overall morbidity in cancer patients. Accurate and accessible imaging forms an integral part of the investigation for patients with suspected or known skeletal metastatic disease; it is considered indispensable in making appropriate oncological treatment decisions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a contemporary imaging modality that provides excellent spatial and contrast resolution for bone and soft tissues. Therefore, it is particularly useful for imaging patients suffering from metastatic skeletal disease. This review provides a fundamental overview of the physics and image generation of MRI. The most commonly used MRI sequences in the investigation of metastatic skeletal disease are also discussed. Additionally, a review of the pathophysiological basis of metastatic bone disease is presented, along with an introduction to the interpretation of MRI sequences obtained for metastatic bone disease. Finally, the strengths and drawbacks of MRI are considered in comparison to alternative imaging modalities for the investigation of this common and important oncological complication.


Subject(s)
Bone Diseases , Bone Neoplasms , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Neoplasms , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/secondary
2.
Can Assoc Radiol J ; 70(4): 403-407, 2019 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30922789

ABSTRACT

Spinal synovial cysts are relatively uncommon and are most frequently found in the lumbar spine and rarely in the cervical spine. Intraspinal extradural cervical synovial cysts can occur and potentially cause cord/nerve root compression with symptoms of myelopathy/radiculopathy; however, most are asymptomatic and incidental findings. We conducted a literature review and present, to our knowledge, the largest imaging case series and describe the magnetic resonance imaging features of cervical synovial cysts.


Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Synovial Cyst/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Radiculopathy/diagnostic imaging
3.
Can Assoc Radiol J ; 70(1): 29-36, 2019 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30691559

ABSTRACT

Numerous corticosteroid preparations are available, but the type and dose administered is frequently at the discretion of the clinician. This is often based on anecdotal evidence and experience rather than formal clinical guidelines. In order to better understand current practice, we anonymously surveyed 100 members of the British Society of Skeletal Radiologists. The results of the survey demonstrated the arbitrary use of all types of steroid preparation at different anatomical locations. In this article, we review the commonly used corticosteroids and propose a guideline to help practitioners decide on the type and dose of steroid depending on the treatment location.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Musculoskeletal Diseases/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Humans , Injections, Intra-Articular
4.
J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol ; 62(6): 764-768, 2018 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30113137

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To describe a novel secondary sign of subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee, metaphyseal burst sign (soft tissue oedema in the meta-epiphyseal region of the affected condyle). METHODS: An electronic database research of 7926 knee MRI examinations was performed. Forty-eight scans were included in the study. The diagnosis of subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) was confirmed in a consensus review by one fellowship trained musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologist and one radiology fellow. The presence of metaphyseal burst sign was evaluated in the cohort. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were included in the study (21 males, 20 females). The mean age was 61.5 years (range 41-80 years). The anatomical location was medial femoral condyle (n = 28), the lateral femoral condyle (n = 5) and medial tibial condyle (n = 8). The metaphyseal burst sign was present in 45 of the 48 scans reviewed. The average craniocaudal length of the soft tissue oedema defined as metaphyseal burst sign was 7 cm (range 10.5 to 4.5). CONCLUSION: The metaphyseal burst sign is an early, indirect sign of SIF.


Subject(s)
Cartilage Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fractures, Spontaneous/diagnostic imaging , Knee Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Osteonecrosis/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bone Marrow Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Edema/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Rupture, Spontaneous
5.
Int J Surg ; 11(9): 749-52, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24013072

ABSTRACT

The management of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) presents a challenge to urological surgeons due to the diversity of patient factors, stage at presentation and propensity for disease recurrence and progression. Advances in the last decade have seen an evolution in techniques for diagnosis, treatment and ongoing surveillance. A good understanding of our patients, the disease and the available diagnostic and therapeutic options is essential for the management of this condition. We review the current literature focusing on the merits of recent advances in this field. Given the breadth of the subject, we have deliberately selected only the most relevant and recent advances already in clinical use.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery , Humans , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
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