[Effect of substance P, neurokinin A and a selective agonist of tachykinin receptors of the NK-2 type on bile metabolism]. / Vliianie substantsii P, neirokinina A i selektivnogo agonista takhikininovykh retseptorov NK-2 tipa na zhecheobrazovanie.

Based on the experiments on rats, changes of the level of bile secretion and chemical composition of bile following application of substance P, neurokinin A, and selective agonist of the NK-2 tachykinins receptors neurokinin A Fragment (4-10), are interpreted. These results demonstrate that tachykinins (SP, NKA, and NKA Fragment (4-10)) are true holeretics and affect various enzyme systems in the hepatocyte. The alterations of the coefficients of bile confirm that.

Persistent c-fos expression and NADPH-d reactivity in the medulla and the lumbar spinal cord in rat with short-term peripheral anosmia.

Here we examine hypothesis that short-term peripheral ZnSO(4)-induced anosmia can produce effects on c-fos expression within spinal cord and caudal medulla in male Wistar rats (n=4). Fos-like-immunoreactive cells revealed by avidin-biotin-peroxidase method show a significant bilateral increase in the nucleus proprius (layers 3 and 4) and medial part of layers 5 and 6. In substantia gelatinosa (layer 2(i)) and area 10 Fos-positive neurons were intermixed together with nicotin-amide adenine dineucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-reactive cells. Short-term anosmia enhanced c-fos expression in ventral horn (layers 7 and 8), ventrolateral segment and dorsal part of the spinal trigeminal nuclei. In anosmic rats varicose fibres and numerous NADPH-d-stained neurons were present in the gelatinous layer of the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and a separate population of Fos-positive cells was detected within this layer. Nucleus tractus solitaris also contained a few NADPH-d-reactive, medium sized neurons intermixed with Fos-immunoreactive cells.

[The effect of anosmia on sex dimorphism in the patterns of orienting-exploratory, emotional and passive defensive behaviors in rats]. / Vliianie anosmii na polovoi dimorfizm v patternakh orientirovochno-issledovatel'skogo, émotsional'nogo i passivno-oboronitel'nogo povedeniia u krys.

Sex dimorphic patterns of exploratory behavior in the open-field, passive defensive behavior and emotionality were studied in anosmic rats. It was show that the long-time anosmia increased the level of exploratory and locomotor activities in male rats and changed their behavior in stress situations from passive to active form. Anosmia didn't change characteristics of these forms of behavior in female rats.

[Role of amygdalar nuclei in alimentary and defensive conditioned reflexes in the rat]. / Rol' iader mindaliny v pishchevykh i oboronitel'nykh uslovnykh refleksakh u krys.

Ninety experimentally naive male white rats were divided into groups with lateral (AL), medial (AME) and central (ACE) amygdalar nuclei lesions, sham-operated and normal controls. The AL-rats showed a facilitation of instrumental conditioned alimentary reflexes (CAR) acquisition and retardation of initial avoidance learning in a shuttle box; the AME-rats exhibited a slower acquisition of the CAR and a facilitation of avoidance conditioning; in the ACE-rats acquisition of the CAR was the same as in controls but avoidance performance was significantly impaired as compared with all experimental groups. It has been assumed that functional non-identity of the amygdalar nuclei in alimentary and avoidance behaviour is caused by dominant drive and by presence of "specific" amygdalar neurones participating in functional systems of the studied behavioural reactions.

[Internal inhibition in rats after destruction of amygdaloid complex nuclei]. / Vnutrennee tormozhenie u krys pri razrushenii iader mindalevidnogo kompleksa.

In experiments on male albino rats bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) impaired extinction and differentiation of the food-procuring conditioned reflexes where as bilateral corticomedial (CMA) lesions had no effect on them. The BLA damage caused a significant impairment of the aversive stimuli discrimination but had no effect on the extinction of the conditioned avoidance reflex in a shuttle-box. The CMA lesions in both hemispheres led to attenuation of aversive stimuli discrimination and delay of avoidance extinction. The data obtained testify to the BLA dominant role in internal inhibition of the alimentary conditioned reflexes and the CMA dominant role in internal inhibition of avoidance conditioning and furthermore to the importance of BLA in the evaluation of the emotional significance and biological validity of the stimuli (reward or punishment).

[Effect of destruction of the basolateral portion and medial nuclei of the amygdaloid complex on defensive conditioned reflexes in rats]. / Vliianie razrusheniia bazolateral'noi chasti i medial'nykh iader mindalevidnogo kompleksa na oboronitel'nye uslovnye refleksy u krys.

Bilateral ablations of the basolateral part and medial nuclei of the amygdala in albino rats caused opposite changes in active avoidance acquisition and consolidation, emotional intensity level (fear) and "open field" activity. In intact animals the basolateral part of the amygdala produced facilitation while medial nuclei caused inhibition of the shuttlebox avoidance reactions, aggressiveness and general "emotionality" (fear-motivated behaviour).

Functional significance of different amygdalar areas in performance of instrumental conditioned alimentary reflexes in rats.

Bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala caused facilitation of instrumental alimentary conditioned reflexes while bilateral cortico-medial amygdala damage produced inhibition of conditioned responses. The most rapid learning was in rats after basolateral lesions whereas the cortico-medial rats required more trials to criterion than controls. In basolateral rats the largest number of intertrial responses were found, while cortico-medial rats had a small number of ITR in criterion sessions. Thus, the cortico-medial amygdala was concerned with the excitatory system and the basolateral amygdala with the inhibitory system of the rat forebrain. The results of combined unilateral lesions of basolateral and cortico-medial amygdala in each hemisphere suggest that in healthy animals the inhibitory influence of the former was stronger and overlapped or regulated the excitatory action of the latter. Our evidence suggests the existence of two antagonistic systems in the rat amygdala which play different roles in conditioning.

[Effect of ablation of the basolateral and corticomedial portions of the amygdala on the performance of food-getting conditioned reflexes in rats]. / Vliianie razrusheniia bazolateral'noi i kortikomedial'noi chastei mindaliny na osushchestvlenie e pishchedobyvatel'nykh uslovnykh refleksov u krys.

In experiments on 66 albino rats an electrolytic coagulation of the basolateral amygdala caused facilitation while that of the corticomedial amygdala caused inhibition of alimentary conditioned reflexes. The corticomedial amygdala forms a part of the excitatory and the basolateral amygdala--of the inhibitory system of the rat's brain. In intact rats the basolateral amygdala function dominates over the corticomedial amygdala activity in feeding behaviour.