ABSTRACT
The objective of the present work was to elucidate the structural characteristics of the 9.0 mm pneumatic rifle and three regular types of the bullets differing in the head shape fired from it. Morphological features of the injuries inflicted by such bullets are described in conjunction with the peculiarities of precipitation of the shot products in their projection as the prerequisites for their objective differentiation. Results: The study allowed to reveal the composition of the gunshot residues and to determine the maximum distance of their distribution. The specific features of experimental damage inflicted by the shots from the 9.0 mm pneumatic rifle to the coarse white calico fabric targets were shown to depend on the shot range. The objective signs of the so-called "short-range" shot from the 9.0 mm pneumatic rifle were described for the first time.
Subject(s)
Firearms , Forensic Ballistics/methods , Wounds, Gunshot , Forensic Pathology/methods , Humans , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds, Gunshot/classification , Wounds, Gunshot/diagnosis , Wounds, Gunshot/etiologyABSTRACT
The analysis of the special literature and expert practice during the recent years demonstrated the scientific, practical, and social importance of the expertise of the blast injuries in the time of piece. It is emphasized that the main tasks of expert examination of blast injuries include further studies on the mechanisms of their development, simulation of various blast injuries, the development of criteria for the determination of distance from the site of explosion based on the severity of the injury, investigations into effectiveness of the protective barriers for the human body during explosions, and the creation of methods for testing means of individual body armoured protection. The provisions of a program for current and prospective forensic medical investigations into blast injuries have been formulated.
Subject(s)
Blast Injuries/pathology , Explosions , Forensic Medicine/methods , Blast Injuries/etiology , Expert Testimony , Explosions/classification , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
An attempt was undertaken to elucidate the concrete mechanism of wound infliction by a self-made projectile, such as a harpoon with the archery broadhead, based on the entire volume of evidence provided by the inquest. The results thus obtained allowed the potential for differential diagnostics of clothes and body damages caused by arrow-headed projectiles to be extended.
Subject(s)
Expert Testimony , Forensic Pathology/methods , Weapons/standards , Wounds, Stab/etiology , Wounds, Stab/pathology , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Fatal Outcome , Forensic Pathology/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
A method for the three-dimensional modeling is proposed designed to enhance the objective value of situational expert investigations of the mechanism of gunshot wounds. The method was successfully validated in a number of forensic medical situational studies and allowed their objectiveness, demonstrativeness, and evidentiary force to be significantly improved.
Subject(s)
Forensic Ballistics/methods , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Visible Human Projects , Wounds, Gunshot/pathology , Expert Testimony , Firearms/classification , Forensic Pathology , Homicide/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
The systemic analysis of forensic medical practice in Moscow during the past 15 years has demonstrated the scientific, practical, and social significance of expertise of peace-time blast injuries resulting from many terrorist attacks with the use of improvised high-capacity explosive devices that caused multiple human victims. The authors emphasize the current lack of objective forensic medical criteria for the reconstruction of the mechanism of injuries in numerous victims of the explosion of a high-capacity blasting device. It dictates the necessity of their development and substantiation of their practical application.
Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/methods , Blast Injuries/diagnosis , Explosions/classification , Forensic Medicine/methods , Terrorism , Blast Injuries/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Moscow/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The authors undertook an analysis of constructional features of standard blank and non-lethal cartridges for the MP-79-9TM pistol. The composition of gunshot products and the maximum distance over which they propagate have been determined. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of the damage caused to the target cloths (cotton and woolen) by blank rounds shot from different distances. A new chemical method was used for the first time to detect the particles of gunpowder on the victim's cloth; the possibility of its application for differential diagnostics of gunshot damages inflicted by blank and traumatic cartridges affected from different distances was estimated.
Subject(s)
Firearms , Forensic Ballistics/methods , Textiles , Wounds, Gunshot/diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
The authors discuss the objective potential of situational forensic medical expertise for the determination of the direction and the distance of a gunshot as well as the position of the gun in the shooter's hand. The use of fundamental theoretical propositions determining the essence of the form of expertise being considered is illustrated by an example from forensic medical practice.
Subject(s)
Forensic Ballistics , Forensic Pathology , Homicide , Wounds, Gunshot/pathology , Expert Testimony , Fatal Outcome , Forensic Ballistics/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Pathology/legislation & jurisprudence , Homicide/legislation & jurisprudence , HumansABSTRACT
This paper reports the results of analysis of the data obtained in experimental studies and practical expert assessments of body injuries inflicted by rubber balls for traumatic weapons. The causes accounting for the polymorphism of such injuries and the mechanisms of their development were elucidated by means of damage simulation taking into consideration the physical and dynamic properties of elastic ball-type destructive agents and the morphological structure of different anatomical regions of the human body. The results of the study may be of interest for differential diagnostics of gunshot lesions caused by elastic destructive agents.
Subject(s)
Firearms , Forensic Ballistics/methods , Forensic Pathology/methods , Wounds, Gunshot/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Firearms/classification , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Rubber , Trauma Severity IndicesABSTRACT
The results of analysis of the data presented in the special literature and normative legal documentation indicate that the forensic medical aspects of the injuries inflicted by gunshots of limited-lethality weapons either need to be clarified or remain virtually unexplored. There is the long overdue necessity to consolidate efforts of forensic medical experts and specialists from other agencies and institutions for the comprehensive solution of the problems related to the injury prevention characteristics of limited-lethality weapons and participation in the interdepartmental activities for the improvement of the legislation regulating weapon trafficking.
Subject(s)
Firearms/classification , Firearms/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Wounds, Gunshot/prevention & control , Government Regulation , Humans , Russia/epidemiology , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds, Gunshot/mortalityABSTRACT
The data available from the forensic medical practice do not allow the comprehensive, objective, and reliable assessment of injuries to the human body and damages to the clothes inflicted by the shots from a 9 millimeter (.357) or higher-caliber pneumatic rifle equipped with the pre-charge pneumatic system. The use of bullets of specific structure and configuration for such weapons accounts for their marked influence on the morphological features and the extent of the resulting wounds. These peculiarities provide a basis for the objective differentiation between their injurious effects.
Subject(s)
Firearms/classification , Forensic Ballistics , Forensic Medicine , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds, Gunshot/diagnosis , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Treatment Outcome , Wounds, Gunshot/diagnostic imaging , Wounds, Gunshot/pathology , Wounds, Gunshot/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
There is scarce information in forensic medical practice allowing to reliably diagnose injuries inflicted by arrows from a universal crossbow. The arrows with specific constructional properties cause characteristic morphological changes in non-biological targets, such as mock clothing (coarse calico and plasticine) and homogeneous tissues of the human body. It is concluded that the data obtained in the present study can be used for objective differential diagnostics of crossbow wounds.
Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine/methods , Weapons/classification , Wounds, Penetrating , Clothing , Humans , Textiles , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnosis , Wounds, Penetrating/etiologyABSTRACT
The analysis of the data published in the special literature indicates that forensic-medical aspects of the injuries inflicted by blank shots fired from a variety of small-arms weapons remain poorly known or virtually unexplored. Despite considerable variability of such injuries, their forensic-medical examination should include three basic components, viz. the proof of the absence of the injurious action of the shot, differential diagnostics of the consequences of injuries attributable to each traumatic factor of the shot, and experimental simulation of the damages to the human body and the clothes taking into account concrete models of the weapons and the blank cartridge.
Subject(s)
Firearms/classification , Forensic Ballistics/classification , Wounds, Gunshot , Adult , Child , Female , Forensic Pathology , Humans , Male , Trauma Severity Indices , Wounds, Gunshot/classification , Wounds, Gunshot/pathologyABSTRACT
The authors report the results of analysis of the rights of the participants in judicial proceedings (both the prosecution and the defense) to appoint and carry out forensic medical expertise in the course of the criminal court process.
Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Medicine/methods , Forensic Medicine/standards , Judicial Role , RussiaSubject(s)
Forensic Ballistics , Forensic Pathology , Wounds, Gunshot , Forensic Ballistics/history , Forensic Ballistics/organization & administration , Forensic Ballistics/trends , Forensic Pathology/history , Forensic Pathology/organization & administration , Forensic Pathology/trends , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Russia , Wounds, Gunshot/history , Wounds, Gunshot/pathologyABSTRACT
Quantitative characteristics and application of different spectral methods are compared in experiment. Stab and gunshot wounds were studied by roentgenospectral fluorescent and emission spectral analyses. The above spectral methods detected significant quantities of alien material on the wounds depending on the kind of the weapon.
Subject(s)
Forensic Ballistics , Forensic Pathology , Wounds, Gunshot/pathology , Wounds, Stab/pathology , Humans , Iron/analysis , Spectrum AnalysisABSTRACT
The article illustrates usage of theoretical and practical approaches to forensic-medical situational expertise of gun-shot wounds.
Subject(s)
Expert Testimony , Forensic Ballistics , Forensic Pathology , Homicide/legislation & jurisprudence , Wounds, Gunshot/pathology , Homicide/classification , HumansABSTRACT
Discussed in the paper is a complex forensic medical evaluation of injuries inflicted by shots made from a variety of hand guns with silencers. An experimental study denoted the specificity of close-distance entry wounds at shots made from remade or self-made guns with silencers; the quantitative and qualitative differential diagnostics was possible in such cases.
Subject(s)
Firearms , Forensic Ballistics , Forensic Pathology , Wounds, Gunshot/pathology , HumansABSTRACT
Morphologic changes in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, in hypophyseal frontal lobe and adrenal cortex are adaptive and reactive changes. In status asthmaticus, there is a high hormonal activity manifesting morphologically with hypertrophic neurosecretory granules.
