Bacterial Lysate Complex Administered Intranasally Suppresses Inflammation in an In Vivo Model of Aseptic Lymphadenitis.

The effect of a bacterial lysate complex IRS 19 on local and systemic manifestations of inflammation was studied in a rat model of aseptic lymphadenitis. Injection of λ-carrageenan into the cervical lymph node via surgical approach caused an increase in the thickness of the capsule, disturbances in histoarchitecture, the appearance of necrosis foci, histiocytosis of subcapsular and cerebral sinuses in the lymph node, as well as an increase in the level of TNFα in the blood serum and the number of circulating leukocytes and neutrophils. Course intranasal administration of bacterial lysate complex in this model dose-dependently reduced the level of these markers of the systemic inflammatory response and the severity of microstructural disorders in the affected lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial lysate complex after intranasal administration produces a systemic anti-inflammatory effect that goes beyond the respiratory tract.

[Evaluation of the cardioprotective effect of ubiquinol on the model of reperfusion injury of rat myocardium]. / Otsenka kardioprotektornogo deistviia ubikhinola na modeli reperfuzionnogo povrezhdeniia miokarda krys.

The cardioprotective effect of ubiquinol on the model of myocardium reperfusion injury in rats was investigated. The study was carried out using mature males of outbred rats. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was performed after 30-minute ligation of the left coronary artery followed by reperfusion. The main criteria for assessing the development of pathology included the results of electrocardiography, biochemical analysis of blood plasma, histological and histochemical study of the myocardium. Development of the reperfusion damage of the myocardium caused specific changes in non-treated animals. The best therapeutic effect on biochemical indices was provided by a drug with the known cardioprotective activity - Mexidolâ and the tested object ubiquinol at doses of 2-6 mg/kg. Evaluation of the results of electrocardiography allowed to confirm the development of ischemic myocardial damage in all groups. The results of histochemical and histological examination of the myocardium suggest a high cardioprotective activity of ubiquinol at a dose of 3 mg/kg and a potential cardioprotective effect of ubiquinol in doses closest to the therapeutic doses of 2 and 6 mg/kg. Ubiquinol is a dose 9 mg/kg showed signs of prooxidant activity, manifested in the form of aggravation of reperfusion injury of the myocardium. The most effective in the conditions of experimental pathology is 1% solution of ubiquinol, at a dose of 3 mg/kg, whose cardioprotective effect is comparable or higher than that for the reference drug Mexidolâ at the therapeutic dose. In doses that are greater than therapeutic ubiquinol is able to act as a pro-oxidant.

[A study of combination treatment with nacom (levodopa + carbodope) and citicoline in the model of Parkinson disease in rats]. / Éffektivnost' kombinirovannogo primeneniia levodopy i karbidopy s tsitikolinom pri éksperimental'noi modeli bolezni Parkinsona.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of the combined use of citicoline (neipilept) and levodopa/carbidopa (nakom) in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rotenone was administrated during 14 days in dose 2 mg/kg/day subcutaneously. The duration of treatment was 7 days, intragastrically. Alteration of locomotor behavior components, muscular rigidity in resistance to passive flexion in the ankle joint and signs of extrapyramidal disorders were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Combined therapy led to the decrease in muscle rigidity (the decrease of gibbosity in resistance to passive flexion in the ankle joint). There was a decrease in oligokinesia that emerged in higher vertical and horizontal locomotor activity of experimental animals, decrease in the time of head turning during climbing down the pole and total time of climbing down the pole. The combination of drugs had a more pronounced therapeutic effect on extrapyramidal disorders compared to monotherapy.

[Cardioprotective effect of new functional food containing salmon oil with motherwort oil extract].

Combination of fish oil with herbal oil extract can extend functional properties of the products. A new functional food of salmon oil with oil extract of motherwort (8:2) was developed and studied. Qualitative profiling was evidenced about presence of flavonoids and iridoids. Quantification of vitamins A (210±3 IU/g), Е (2.8±0.1 mg/g), D3 (12.2±0.4 IU/g) and PUFA (43.3±0.4%, incl. 9.4±0.1% of omega-3 and 33.9±0.1% of omega-6) was done by modern methods. The developed product was found nontoxic (LD50>15 000 mg/kg b.w., intragastriсally, LD50>3000 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneal). The 14 days intragastric administration of product to the rats (initial b.w. 200-250 g) at the doses of 2340 and 1170 mg/kg b.w. significantly increased the left ventricular pressure after ischemia comparing with control, and normalized the contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle. Biochemical data confirmed the decrease of aspartate amino transferase and creatine kinase activity in rats treated at all experimental doses. Application of fish oil combination with motherwort oil extract is promising for development of new functional foods with cardio protective properties.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF CHRONIC ARTHRITIS IN RATS.

This work was aimed at comparative analysis of the two experimental models of chronic arthritis induced in rats by the administration of (i) complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and (ii) carrageenan. The clinical and histological signs of pathology were assessed using a categorical rating system. It is established that the administration of CFA leads to the development of pathology closely resembling rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast, the administration of c.arrageenan promotes chronic inflammatory arthritis without autoimmune component. The results can serve a basis for selecting a methodological approach to assess the effectiveness of drugs with anti-rheumatoid, anti-inflammatory, and/or immunomodulatory properties.

[EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHARMACOKINETICS OF KETOPROFEN NANOSYSTEM FOR INHALATION ADMINISTRATION.]

Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen nanosystem was studied in outbred rats after single endotracheal administration. Ketoprofen was analyzed in blood serum and tissues by HPLC with UV detection. After endotracheal administration of the nanosystem, ketoprofen rapidly appears in systemic blood flow and its concentration in blood serum reaches maximum after 15 min. The maximum drug concentration in tissues was observed near the site of introduction, namely, in lungs Ketoprofen showed moderate penetration in tissues with high vascularization, and weak penetration in tissues with moderate vascularization. After endotracheal administration of the nanosystem, only small amount of ketoprofen overcomes the blood brain barrier.

[EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF ALCOHOLIC NEUROPATHY IN RATS.]

The aim of this work was to study the behavioral and histopathomorphological signs of peripheral neuropathy development in male Wistar rats on the model of alcoholic neuropathy. Chronic consumption of ethanol solution with concentration increasing from 7.47 to 26.2% (w/w) resulted in neuropathy (allodynia) de- velopment after 8 weeks of chronic alcohol administration. The behavioral signs of allodynia became significant on the 8th week and were retained up to the end of experiment (15 weeks of ethanol administration). The reference drug gabapentin effectively reduced the manifestation of allodinia. Histological exami- nation of sciatic nerve preparations from animals killed after ethanol consumption for 5, 10 and 15 weeks revealed the development of histopathomorphological pattern with increasing duration of chronic alcoholization. At the initial stage, the morphological basis of observed behavioral manifestations was provided by excess lipid deposition in peri/epineurium of nerve specimens). The further increase in treatment duration (up to 10 and 15 weeks) was associated with demye- lination and development of inflammation of the sciatic nerve. This experimental model allows one to investigate the efficacy of new neuroprotective and ana- lgesic substances - potential drugs for both prevention and management of neuropathy.

Comparative analysis of requirements for quality of fish oil for food and medical applications.

Fish oil is reach natural source of vitamins А, Е, D and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which are useful for supplementation, prophylaxis and therapy in food industry, medicine and veterinary. The analysis of regulatory documents for the quality of fish oil (based on concentration of main nutrients) leads to conclusion that content of vitamins A and D, and PUFA is controlled in medicinal preparations. With regard to fish oil for food application there is no unified approach. In particularly, content of vitamin D in food supplements with fish oil available on Russian market is not indicated by manufacturer or its concentration varies in 3-10 folds. Because of important biological functions and pharmacological activity, it is very important to have uniform standardization for vitamins and PUFA in fish oil for application in food industry and medicine. Development and unification of analytical methods became special attention for these reasons.

[Effect of a complex preparation of sea urchin shells on blood glucose level and oxidative stress parameters in type II diabetes model].

The experimental preclinical study on mice showed that a complex of polyhydroxylated naphthoquinone pigments and minerals from shells of sea urchins decreases the concentration of glucose, stimulates the synthesis of phospholipids in liver, and has antioxidant properties. On the model of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type II diabetes, this complex of polyhydroxylated naphthoquinone pigments and minerals from sea urchin shells exhibited activity after administration for 10 days in a dose of 1.8 mg/kg.

Anti-inflammatory activity of a HPLC-fingerprinted aqueous infusion of aerial part of Bidens tripartita L.

The anti-inflammatory potential of three doses of an aqueous infusion of aerial parts Bidens tripartita L. against carrageenan-induced acute paw edema in rats was investigated. A phytochemical study and qualitative-quantitative analyses revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, phenols, amino acids, ascorbic acid, organic acids and polyacetylenes. Infusion doses of 20ml/kgbody wt. exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in rats, as compared with indomethacin. In addition, the infusion showed analgesic properties in a hot-plate test and antipyretic properties in carrageenan-induced local hyperthermia, both in rats. The effects were dose-dependent. Our results provide evidence for the potential usefulness of B. tripartita infusion in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

[Phytochemical analysis of Hippophae rhamnoides L. fruits from Russian varieties cultivated in Finland and food products containing them].

Results of phytochemical analysis of the berries from six Russian Hippophae rhamnnoides L. varieties (Augustinka, Botanitseskaja, Ljubitelskaja, Vorobjvskaja, Pertsik, Trofimovskaja), cultivated in Finland, are presented. The contents of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherols (vitamin E), total flavonoid (vitamin P), total carotenoid (vitamin A) and total organic acids were analyzed in unfreezed berries. The same parameters were defined in food products (jelly, sweet sauce and compote) containing fruits of three Hippophae rhamnoides L. varieties (Botanitseskaja, Ljubitelskaja and Trofimovskaja). According to the results, Russian Hippophae rhamnoides L. varieties can be cultivated in South-Finland and different kinds of food products with high quality and concentration of biologically active compounds may be prepared from these berries.

[Light-absorbing and antiradical properties of a product with lutein and zeaxanthin in vitro and kinetics of carotinoids at single oral administration on rats].

Light-absorbing and antiradical properties of the new product on a basis of lutein and zeaxanthin for correction of eye diseases in model system of initiated oxidation of isopropylbenzene were investigated. It is shown, that the product is the effective light-absorbing agent and inhibitor of free-radical oxidation in vitro. In experiments on animals (rat) the pharmacokinetics of the product was investigated at single oral administration. A simple, specific and sensitive RP-HPLC method for the determination of lutein in rat plasma was developed, which was applied to pharmacokinetic investigation in rats after oral administration of lutein at dose 20 mg/kg. It was established, that the peak plasma levels was achieved to 2 hour and the mean elimination half life was 2,4 hours.

[Nutrimetabolomics from the points of systemic estimation of function of metabolic complexes].

Review, is devoted to questions of experimental investigations of the effect of biologically active compounds of food on three metaboloms, the functionality of which influences on development of pathologic processes: 1) endothelium metabolom, which controls level of vessel tone and processes of blood coagulation; 2) pro- and antiinflammatory metabolom; 3) metabolom, taking part in maintenance of anti-oxidant status of an organism.

[Biologically active substances in grated cocoa and cocoa butter].

In the article results of comparative analysis of grated cocoa and cocoa butter samples are presented. The investigation was done by modern instrumental methods such as HPLC, GC, UV- VIS-spectroscopy, and also with application of titrimetric and grarimetric methods. In the analyzed samples contents of total phenolics changes in an interval 1,0-3,2%, including monomeric proantocyanidins 0,6-1,35%; pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ) 0,34-0,76 microg/g; phenyl ethylamine from 2,79 to 14,97 microg/g, tyramine from 9,56 to 71,68 microg/g, dopamine from 5,3 to 25,85 microg/g; theobromine from 3,3 to 8%, caffeine from 0,49 to 0,70%; among the amino acids at the greatest quantities were presented glutaminic and asparaginic acids, arginin and leucin; three main fatty acids were determined - palmitinic (31+/-2% rel.), oleinic (35+/-2% rel.) and stearinic (35+/-2% rel.); the main phytosterins were sytosterin (up to 192 mg%) and obtusifoliol (up to 198,5 mg%).

[Experimental and clinical study of preparation Iridol action on the central nevros system].

In experiment on adult rats male the anxiolitic action of new plant origin drug Iridol, enriched with compounds iridoids, is shown. This effect of Iridol was approximately the same as by diazepam. In patients with arterial hypertension I - II degree, accompanied by psychoemotional disturbances, the use of Iridol in complex treatment increases efficacy of therapy.

[Studying the mechanism of antioxidant effect of vitamins and flavonoids].

In work antiradical activity of vitamins and flafonoids in relation to hydroxyl radical is established. The most antiradical activity is established for flavonoids quercetin, routin, daidzein, biochanin A and luteolin-7glucosid, Among vitamins of group in the most antiradical activity have shown vitamins B12, B2, B5, Bc. In group of fat-soluble vitamins ascorbic palmitat, vitamin K1, vitamin A and beta-carotin have shown activity above, than a known antioxidant vitamin E. The carried out work allows to draw a conclusion that antiradical activity in the relation hydroxyl radical shows the broad audience of vitamins that probably is one of aspects of their therapeutic action.

[Biologically active substances from medicinal plants as a factor of the organism detoxication]. / Biologicheski aktivnye veshchestva lekarstvennykh rastenii kak faktor detoksikatsii organizma.

Reported detail analysis of reguirements to the multicomponents plant systems for detoxication and cleaning of stomach and intestinal tract including absorption of harmful compounds, compensation of losses of benefit micronutrients, antiinflamatory, antiucler, anticancer activity, increase local immunity, activation of intestinal endocrinocytes, antioxidative and antihypoxantive activity ets. Molecular mechanisms of body detoxication with participation of medicinal and food plants compounds are discussed. Its include influence of this compounds on a) biochemical mechanism of detoxication and elimination from tissues of hydrophobic xenobiotics, drugs and hydrophobic metabolits (microsomal monooxygenases--cytochrome P-450--dependent system) and enzymes of conjugation(glutathion--S-transferase, glucuronyltransferase etc.; b) on antioxidant system (enzymatic superoxidedismutase-glutathionperoxidase and catalase seguence) and nonenzymatic chains (influence of flavonoids, anticyanines, antioxidant vitamins etc.)

[Biologically active substances in garlic (Allium sativum L.) and their application in nutrition for humans]. / Biologicheski aktivnye veshchestva chesnoka (Allium Sativum L.) i ikh ispol'zovanie v pitanii cheloveka.

Reviewed above is chemical composition of garlic and its biological Hypolipidemic, antioxidative, antibacterial and antitumorogenic properties of preparations were elucidated in experimental, clinical and epidemiological observations. It has been concluded that garlic are useful for prevention and combined treatment of most chronical diseases.

[Effectiveness and mechanism of action of a new plant complex drug in nonspecific inflammatory processes in the bronchopulmonary system]. / Effektivnost' i mekhanizm deistviia novogo kompleksnogo sredstva rastitel'nogo proiskhozhdeniia pri nespetsificheskikh vospalitel'nykh protsessakh v bronkholegochnoi sisteme.

The elixir Bronchofit is an aqueous-alcoholic extract from 7 kinds of plants. It is a balanced compound, rich in biologically active substances including essential oils and flavonoids, possessing a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. On the model of frog's palate the elixir enhanced the transport function of the ciliated epithelium. On the model "karragenin edema" bronchofit showed a marked anti-inflammatory activity. A noticeable therapeutic effect was registered in rats with induced bronchopulmonary inflammation. Bronchial secretion contained reduced content of glycosaminoglycans while bronchial lavage did of histamine. Also, bronchofit demonstrated a prominent antioxidative activity, an antibacterial action in relation to Str. pyogenes and Bac. cereus. By a total complex of the activities bronchofit is a promising medicine against bronchopulmonary inflammation.

[Analysis of deletions in the dystrophin gene by the multiplex amplification method in patients suffering from Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. / Analiz deletsii v gene distrofina metodom mul'tipleksnoi amplifikatsii u patsientov, stradaiushchikh miodistrofiei diushenna.

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was carried out with the material from 68 patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Moscow and Leningrad clinics. Six pairs of oligoprimers were used. Deletions were detected in the material from 22 patients. A new type of deletion was found. Data on deletion frequencies and spectrum were compared with the results published by other authors.