[THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF SALMONELLA AND ACUTE ALCOHOL GASTROENTERITIS].

We evaluated the influence of Salmonella infection and alcohol on biological membranes from the content of serum phospholipid fraction known to be a component ofenterocyte membranes. Any change of membrane phospholipid content leads to a change of their blood level. The study included 50 patients with acute alcohol gastroenteritis, 50 ones with salmonella gastroenteritis, and 50 healthy subjects. Both salmonellosis and alcohol caused differently directed changes in biological membranes. The mechanism of diarrhea in patients with salmonella and acute alcohol gastroenteritis is different. Diarrhea associated with alcohol gastroenteritis is due to enhanced viscosity of biomembranes that decreases in salmonella gastroenteritis. It suggests different approaches to the treatment of these conditions. The membrane destruction coefficient below 2 is an additional proof of alcoholic etiology of gastroenteritis whereas its value above 3 confirms the involvement of salmonellosis in pathogenesis of gastroenteritis.

[The mode of differential diagnostic of and acute alcoholic gastroenteritis].

The study was carried out to develop mode of differential diagnostic of salmonella and acute alcoholic gastroenteritis on the basis of phospholipid specter of blood serum. The indicators of phospholipid fractions of blood serum were analyzed in 50 healthy persons, 50 patients with acute alcoholic gastroenteritis and 50 patients with salmonella gastroenteritis were analyzed. The relative content of following fractions of whole phospholipids were analyzed--total lysophospholipids, sphyngomiyelin, phosphatidcholine, phosphatidyletanolamin. The phospholipid spectrum of blood serum can be applied in differential diagnostic of salmonella gastroenteritis and acute alcoholic gastroenteritis. The disorders of metabolism of lipids under given pathological conditions have a multidirectional character. The salmonella gastroenteritis is characterized by decreasing of relative content of total lysophospholipids and increasing of phosphatidcholine as compared with standard conditions. The acute alcoholic gastroenteritis is characterized by increasing of relative content of total lysophospholipids and phosphatidcholine and decreasing of level of phosphatidcholine. The content of total Iysophospholipids in blood serum is lower on 35% or 30.0 mg% permits diagnosing acute alcoholic gastroenteritis. The content of phosphaltidcholine in blood serum higher than 40% or 50 mg% permits diagnosing salmonella gastroenteritis.

[Serum phospholipids in differential diagnostics of acute alcohol and salmonella gastroenteritis].

The aim of the study was to estimate the possibility of using the serum phospholipid spectrum for differential diagnostics of acute alcoholic and salmonella gastroenteritis. It included 50 patients and 50 healthy subjects. The following fractions were measured: total lipophospholipids (LPL), sphyngomyelin (SM), phosphatitylcholine, (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The serum phospholipid composition in patients of the two groups was significantly different. Salmonella gastroenteritis was characterized by reduced LPL and increased PC levels. Acute alcohol gastroenteritis was associated with elevated LPL, PE levels and reduced PC level. Relative LPL, PE levels in salmonella gastroenteritis were significantly higher and PC levels lower than in alcohol gastroenteritis. In the latter the LPL level was twice that in salmonella gastroenteritis whereas PC level was 1.5 times lower

[The lipid composition of bloodserum in patients with salmonella infection and suffering of alcohol abuse].

The impact of bacterial salmonella infection manifested in higher level of common lipids, increase of relative content of common phospholipids, free cholesterol, free fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine and decrease of content of cholesterol esters and total lysophospholipids. The patients with salmonella infection, suffering of alcohol abuse as opposed to non-abusing patients characterized by higher content of triglycerides, free cholesterol, total lysophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and lower content of cholesterol esters and phosphatidylcholine.

[Impact of hepatitis B virus infection versus stage 3 HIV infection on serum lipids].

The purpose of the study was to compare the impact of hepatitis B infection and Stage 3 (subclinical) HIV infection on serum lipids. The values of the serum lipid spectrum were studied in 30 patients with acute hepatitis B, 50 patients with Stage 3 IIIV infection, and 50 healthy individuals. The impact of hepatitis B virus infection and HIV infection on the serum lipid spectrum was ascertained to differ greatly. Just in Stage 3 (subclinical), with its history of less than 5 years, HIV injection causes more substantial lipid metabolic changes than moderate acute viral hepatitis.

[Blood serum phospholipids in patients with tonsillitis under combinated alcohol-bacterial influence].

Blood serum phospholipids were investigated in alcohol abusing patients with tonsillitis. Most significant changes in phospholipids spectrum (low relative content of lysophospholipids and higher phosphatidylholine and phosphatidyletanolamin) in alcohol abusing patients with tonsillitis were observed, compared with alcohol abusers. This may be attributed to the prevailing influence of bacterial infection.

[Impact of alcohol abuse on the composition of serum lipids in patients with tonsillitis].

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of alcohol abuse on the composition of serum lipids in patients with tonsillitis. The values of the serum lipid spectrum were studied in 100 alcohol abusers with Streptococcus-induced lacunar tonsillitis, 100 alcoholics without markers of viral hepatitis, and 50 healthy individuals. The effect of alcohol was shown in elevated triglyceride levels in patients with alcoholism and tonsillitis. Exposed to bacterial infection, the tonsillitis patients who abused alcohol had higher levels of phospholipids and free cholesterol and lower concentrations of free fatty acids and cholesterol esters than the alcoholics. The tonsillitis patients who abused alcohol were observed to have more considerable changes in the spectrum of phospholipids as a low relative content of lysophospholipids and higher levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine than the alcoholics, which may be due to the predominant impact of bacterial infection.

[Influence of alcohol containing products on serum lipid spectrum].

The study was undertaken to examine of influence of alcohol containing products of household chemistry on serum lipid spectrum. The research has shown, that alcohol containing products of household chemistry at the patients with Toxic hepatitis in comparison with the persons using ethyl alcohol was revealed in lower relative contents of total phospholipids, Free fatty acids, cholesterol ethers, total lysophospholipids, sphyngomyelin and higher level of free cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. The level of total lipids at the patients with Toxic hepatitis was in 3 times higher than normal.

[Phospholipids of blood and lymphocytes membranes in virus hepatitis B and toxic hepatitis].

Phospholipid composition of blood plasma and lymphocyte membranes was investigated in patients with HBV infections and toxic hepatitis associated with the use of surrogate alcohol products. The revealed changes in phospholipids spectrum of blood plasma and lymphocyte membranes reflect opposite changes in biochemical processes influenced by a virus infection (hepatitis B) and toxic hepatitis.

[Impact of HBV infection and alcohol surrogates on the lipid composition of lymphocytic membranes].

Our study was undertaken to reveal the specific features of changes in the content of different fractions of total and lymphocytic membrane phospholipids under the influence of HBV infection and alcohol substitutes. The lipid spectrum of lymphocytic membranes was determined in 50 healthy individuals, 50 patients with acute viral hepatitis, and 62 patients with toxic hepatitis. Once HBV infection occurs, there is a reduction in the content of total phospholipids, free cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine and an increase in the level of triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol esters, and lysophospholipids. There was also a decrease in the absolute content of total phospholipids and free cholesterol. The effect of alcohol substitutes was manifested by the higher concentrations of lysophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine in the lymphocytic membranes.

[Serum lipids as biochemical manifestations of hepatic alcoholic, viral, and mixed viral-and-alcoholic lesion].

The parameters of lipids, which reflect the morphological manifestations of hepatic damages of alcoholic, viral, and mixed viral-and-alcoholic genesis, were determined. The serum lipid spectrum was studied in 50 alcoholic patients without viral hepatitis markers, in 30 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (CVHB), and in 40 with CVHB concurrent with alcoholism. Puncture biopsy of the liver and a histological study of its biopsy specimen were made in 47 patients. Total lipid levels above 9.0 g/l were the most typical biochemical marker of alcoholic damage to the liver; lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels below 7% were a marker of its viral damage; total lipid levels above 9.5 g/l and LPC levels below 5% were a marker of its viral-and-alcoholic damage. Thus, serum lipids may be used as biochemical markers of the morphological manifestations of hepatic damages of various genesis.

[Serum lipid spectrum in patients with obstructive jaundice].

The study was undertaken to determine the serum lipid profile in patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) of various genesis versus those with chronic viral hepatitis B (CVHB). The serum lipid profile was studied in 50 patients with OJ whose cause was cancer diseases and calculous cholecystitis in 20 and 30 patients, respectively. Thirty patients with CVHB were examined as a control group. In patients with OJ, the relative serum content of phospholipids was found to be twice less than that in patients with CVHB. In patients with OJ, hyperlipemia was mainly caused by free cholesterol or cholesterol esters. As compared with the patients with calculous cholecystitis and CVHB, the patients with cancer diseases had low sphingomyelin levels; this fact may be used as an additional measure in detecting OJ of cancer genesis.

[Serum lipids in the diagnosis of severity of acute viral hepatitis A].

The purpose of the study was to estimate the possibilities of developing a method for diagnosing the severity of acute viral hepatitis A (AVHA), by analyzing the serum lipid spectrum and evaluating the biological membranes in patients with this condition. The level of total lipids and the lipid spectrum were studied in the sera of 100 patients with AVHA. The most significant differences were found in the ratio of cholesterol esters (CE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), in the coefficient of phosphatidylcholine (PC)(2)/sphingomyelin (SM) x LPC. Thus, lipid metabolism changes in AVHA, which suggests that the percentage of CE and LPC and the coefficient PC2/SM x LPC might be used as additional tests to evaluate the severity of the disease.

[The content of immunoglobulins in blood serum of asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg with alcoholism]. / Osobennosti soderzhaniia immunoglobulinov v syvorotke krovi u bessimptomnykh nositelei HBsAg, bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

The purpose of the case study was to investigate the concomitant influence of HBsAg and of alcohol on the content of immunoglobulins in blood serum, since the immunoglobulins are an important parameter of immunoreactivity. The study showed the patients with alcoholism to have a higher content of IgA and IgM versus healthy subjects. At the same time, the carriers of HBsAg with alcoholism had the level of IgG by 20% higher and a 2-fold higher concentration of IgA versus healthy subjects. The content of IgG and IgA was higher and that of IgM lower in blood serum of the HBsAg carriers with alcoholism versus the parameters observed in patients with alcoholism of the control group. Thus, patients with alcoholism who had concomitant effects from HBsAg and from alcohol had a potentiatedly higher content of IgA and IgG in blood serum. A lack of growth in the IgM level as observed in blood serum of patients with alcoholism due to HBsAg can be regarded as a prognostically unfavorable sign in the sense of HBsAg persistence and possible development of chronic viral hepatitis B.

[Phospholipid spectrum of blood serum in diagnostic of different stages of combined hepatic viral-alcoholic damage]. / Fospholipidnyi spektr syvorotki krovi v diagnostike raznykh stadii kombinirovannogo virusno-al'kogol'nogo porazheniia pecheni.

Phospholipid spectrum indexes at different stages of a viral-alcoholic damage of liver were investigated in 30 HBsAg carriers with alcoholism, 40 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and 20 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The level of lysophosphatidyl choline and lysophosphatidyl etanolamine was progressively depressed from the stage of HBsAg carriage to the stages of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The content of total lipids at the patients with liver cirrhosis was lower than in HBsAg carriers and patients with chronic hepatitis whereas phosphatidyl choline was higher. The phospholipid spectrum indexes can be recommended as an additional method for differential diagnostics of the stage of chronic hepatitis from stage of liver cirrhosis.

[Phospholipids in blood serum and the differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B and the cirrhotic stage of the disease]. / Fosfolipidy syvorotki krovi v differentsial'noi diagnostike khronicheskogo virusnogo gepatita B i tsirroticheskoi stadii zabolevaniia.

The study was carried out for the purpose of determining the diagnostic criteria applicable to the cirrhotic stage of chronic viral B-hepatitis (CVBH) by using the data of the phosphor-lipid spectrum of the blood serum. The phosphor-lipid spectrum of the blood serum was examined in 70 patients with CVBH and in 20 patients with small-nodular hepatic cirrhosis. Reliably lower contents of lysophosphatidyl serine (LPS), of lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LFE) and of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) were found in patients with CVBH at the cirrhotic stage as compared to patients with CVBH, who did and did not abuse the alcohol. However, the latters had a higher level of the relative content of phosphatidyl choline (PC) as compared to the controls.

[The effect of alcohol on serum lipid composition in hepatitis B virus carriers]. / Vliianie alkogolia na lipidnyi sostav syvorotki u nositelei virusa gepatita B.

The study was undertaken to examine adaptive reactions in alcoholics who were HBsAg carriers by using the values of the serum lipid spectrum. Under influence of an alcoholic factor, the alcoholic HBsAg carriers were shown to have higher levels of lipids and phospholipids and the absolute content of their fraction in the serum; the relative levels of free cholesterol, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, sphyngomyelin, and phosphatidylcholine were lower and those of cholesterol esters were higher than those in patients with acute hepatitis B. Thus, no normal adaptive reactions due to a long alcohol abuse might be a cause of ABsAg carriage in patients with alcoholism.

[Antitubercular care among the Chukotka Autonomic Distric population]. / Sostoianie protivotuberkuleznoi pomoshchi naselseniiu Chukotskogo avtonomnogo okruga.

Analysis of antituberculosis care to the Chukotka Autonomic District population in 1994-1999 suggests that despite economic difficulties, there was a continuous reduction in the major tuberculosis parameters. This may be accounted for by inadequate detection of tuberculosis among aborigines and by low contacts with comers. The resources created in the past years have been exhausted and, if urgent measures are not taken, there will be a rise in tuberculosis morbidity rates in the district.