[Analysis of intraocular lens displacement relative to the haptic plane by ultrasound biomicroscopy data]. / Analiz smeshchenii opticheskoi chasti intraokulyarnoi linzy otnositel'no ploskosti gapticheskikh elementov po dannym ul'trazvukovoi biomikroskopii.

PURPOSE: This study analyzed cases with postoperative displacement of intraocular lens (IOL) relative to the haptic plane using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study analyzed biometry data of 231 patients (277 eyes) aged 72.39±7.77 years, among them 43.25% were males. IOL position and refraction were analyzed at 1, 3 and 6 months after standard phacoemulsification. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: UBM was performed to analyze the position of the IOL. Stabilization of lens position was observed by the 3rd month of observation. Among the cases with displacement of the optical part relative to the haptic plane, the forward shift was determined in 24.85%, backward - in 16.67% of cases. Eyes with opposite IOL displacements differed significantly in lens diameter, ciliary sulcus diameter and the power of implanted IOL. IOL shift towards the retina produced significant hyperopic refractive error. A discriminant function was compiled using preoperative biometry data comprising the model for predicting backward IOL displacement with high probability. However, we failed to obtain a qualitative model for forward IOL displacements. CONCLUSION: Calculation error in modern formulas could occur because of IOL displacement, including the shift of the optical part relative to the haptic plane in postoperative period. Analysis of biometry data allows calculating IOL displacement towards the retina with a high probability, which could help avoid hyperopic refraction error postoperatively.

[Antioxidant potential of wild rose].

The presence in the hips of a complex of biologically active substances causes an antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of varietal rosehip of the Scientific Research Institute «Zhigulevskiye Sady¼ collection, which was cultivated in Samara region in the season 2016. Material and methods. Antioxidant activity was analysed (antiradical activity, restoring force by FRAP method (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), antioxidant activity in the system of linoleic acid), the content of total phenols and total flavonoids was determined. Along with this, vitamin C content, the total content of organic acids, reducing sugars, soluble substances were determined. Results and discussion. The results of this research indicated high biological activity of the rosehip test samples. Thus, the maximum content of total phenols was found in the following varieties: Samarskiy Yubileyniy (966 mg of gallic acid/100g of feedstock), Samarskiy (922 mg/100g), Desertniy (858 mg/100 g), Krupnoplodniy VNIVI (723 mg/ 100 g). High content of total flavonoids was determined in Desertnyi variety (442 mg of catechin/100g of feedstock) and Rosa spinosissima L. variety (418 mg/100 g). Anthocyan presence was observed only in Rosa spinosissima L. (90.86 mg cyanidin- 3-glycoside/100g of feedstock), as evidenced by its deep purple color. Desertnyi variety showed the highest indicator of antiradical activity (IC50=2.7 mg/сm3) and restoring force (18.18 mol Fe2+/1 kg of feedstock). The ability to inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid was demonstrated by all the given samples. For the rosehip the content of vitamin C (leading variety: Rosa mollis Sm. - 67.3 mg%, Krupnoplodniy VNIVI - 47.3 mg%), acidity (leading variety: Yubileyniy - 1.39%), mass fraction of reducing sugars (leading variety: Samarskiy - 9.9%), the content of soluble substances (leading variety: Desertniy - 22.2%) were determined. Conclusion. Hence, the given varieties of rosehip have a high antioxidant activity. According to this, it can be recommended for mass cultivation on the territory of Samara region.

[In vitro аntioxidant activity of spices used in human nutrition].

Spices are a traditional food ingredient containing phenolic antioxidants and other phytonutrients. 3 kinds of fresh herbs (dill, parsley, basil), 2 kinds of onions, 11 kinds of dried herbs (vanilla fruits, ground cinnamon bark, ground fruit of cardamom, ground ginger, ground turmeric root, nutmeg seeds, ground dried herbs basil, ground dried herbs marjoram, ground dried herbs of thyme, ground black pepper fruit, bay leaf) have been analyzed. Extraction of flavonoids and phenolic compounds from plants was carried out with 50% ethanol, then analyzed for phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antiradical activity by the DPPH method, reducing power by FRAP method, antioxidant activity in a system with linoleic acid. The results indicate a high potential of the dried herbs to block free radicals in the in vitro model experiments due to the presence of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, 900-1100 mg/100 g) compared with fresh herbs (300-400 mg gallic acid/100 g) . The highest antiradical activity among the studied plants has dried marjoram leaf extract (extract concentration required to bind 50% of the DPPH radical solution - 1 mg/ml). Antioxidant properties are most pronounced in the extract of parsley (inhibits oxidation of linoleic acid in the system at 74.6%). By the ability to exhibit the reducing ability against Fe ions, ground ginger extract differed significantly (68.04 mmol Fe2+/1 kg of raw material). Studies in vitro of antioxidant activity of herbs, spices and dried onions showed that these objects contain phenolic groups, flavonoids, in model experiments in vitro have high antiradical, antioxidant and reducing properties. This indicates a possible favorable role in human nutrition of herbs, onions and spices.

[Changes in the mucous membrane of the patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis caused by foreign bodies].

The objective of the present work was to study the morphofunctional changes in maxillary sinus mucosa of the patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) associated with the presence of a foreign body depending on its duration. A total of 105 hospitalized patients were examined and operated. Biopsy samples taken from mucosa and contents of the maxillary sinuses during surgery were investigated. The histological study included the standard sample processing followed by paraffin embedding of the material and staining of the micropreparations with hematoxylin and eosin. It was shown that foreign bodies present in the maxillary sinuses cause marked structural reorganization of the mucous membrane usually with the predominance of hypertrophic and polypous changes.

[The use of antistax in the treatment of discirculatory encephalopathy].

Authors have studied the effect of antistax on the cerebral venous discirculation (VD) in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy. Forty-three patients (mean age 46,8±1,8 years) received antistax in daily dose 720 mg during 2 months. Efficacy of treatment was assessed using the Visual Analogous Scale, Doppler ultrasound data, result of a non-invasive study of peripheral arterial tonus (PAT). After the completion of treatment course, the significant decrease of complaints, intensity of VD by the ultrasound data and parameters of arterial hardness by PAT data was observed. The excellent tolerability was reported by 61,1% patients; good one - by 38,9%. The results confirm the possibility of using antistax in neurological practice for treatment cerebral VD.

Evaluation of the neurological status in experimental acute alcohol intoxication.

Approaches to evaluation of the severity of neurological disorders in animals with experimental acute severe alcohol intoxication were developed. Using the method of statistical analysis, we selected criteria, which can be used for evaluation of the severity of inhibition of the nervous system in studies of the alcoholism pathogenesis and for improvement of methods for correction of severe intoxication at the preclinical stage of drug efficiency evaluation.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and encephalopathy in Chernobyl cleanup workers.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To identify, using a genetic model, a key role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the development of dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE) in Chernobyl cleanup workers (CCW). The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene denotes a substantial individual variation in RAS activity with the D-allele being associated with higher ACE activity. METHODS: Ninety-three male, Caucasian CCW were recruited from those under regular review at the All-Russia Centre of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, St. Petersburg. The presence or absence of DE was determined using existing institutional guidelines. ACE genotype was determined using internationally accepted methodologies. RESULTS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype distribution in 59 subjects with DE was II: 10 (17%), ID: 31 (53%), DD: 18 (30%), D-allele frequency 56.8%. Whereas in those without the condition the distribution was II: 12 (35%), ID: 19 (56%), DD 3 (9%) and D-allele frequency 35.9% (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first to identify an association between the ACE D-allele and DE in CCW. They provide evidence of a significant role for the RAS in the development of DE and suggest that clinical trials of ACE inhibition would be profitable in this group.

[Significance of determination of gamma-interferon in the diagnosis of tuberculous exudative pleurisy].

The pleural fluid concentration of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) was studied in 44 patients with exudative pleurisy. The tuberculous nature of exudative pleurisy was established in 25 patients on the basis of X-ray study, a follow-up, microbiological study of pleural exudate specimens, and morphological studies of biopsy specimens obtained at video-assisted thoracoscopy or surgery. The the pleural exudate concentrations of gamma-IFN were over 300 pg/ml (mean 1019 +/- 161 pg/ml) in 19 out of 21 patients with exudative pleuritis in a phase of active inflammation. The patients with the fibrous outcome of pleurisy of tuberculous etiology and those with exudative pleurisy of non-tuberculous etiology, including that in malignancies and papapneumonic pleurisy, were observed to have lower concentrations of gamma-IFN (mean 118 +/- 16 pg/ml). With the discriminating level of above 300 pg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 90.5 and 100%, respectively.

[Chromosomal aberrations and parameters of oxidative stress in Chernobyl clean-up workers in a remote period after ionizing radiation]. / Khromosomnye aberratsii i pokazateli okislitel'nogo stressa u likvidatorov posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES v otdalennom periode posle deistviia ioniziruiushchei radiatsii.

This investigation was performed to test a supposition about the influence of disturbances in antioxidative system on cytogenetical parameters in Chernobyl' clean-up workers. It was shown that some cytogenetical parameters straightly correlated with the parameters of oxidative stress, while other cytogenetical parameters show just reverse correlations. Apparently, these relationships are not of cause-and-effect type, but they reflect a complex processes occurring in humans for a long period after radiation exposure.

[3-substituted analogs of remantadine: synthesis and antiherpetic activity in Vero cells]. / 3-zameshchennye analogi remantadina: sintez i protivogerpeticheskaia aktivnost' v kul'ture kletok Vero.

Chemical synthesis of 3-substituted analogues of remantadine is described. Derivatives IIIb and IIIc when compared with remantadine had not only potent activity against ethalon herpes simplex type 1 virus strain but also were active against herpes virus resistant to aciclovir. Compound IIIc demonstrated virulecidal effect. Combination of IIIc + aciclovir had additive effect against ethalon herpes simplex type 1 virus strain. Investigated 3-substituted analogues demonstrated low activity in the model system of influenzae virus. No antiviral activity was demonstrated in the model system of Syndbys virus (though compounds were evaluated in subtoxic concentrations).

[The role of occupational pathology center in public health care in disaster zone]. / Rol' profpatologicheskogo tsentra v okazanii meditsinskoi pomoshchi naseleniiu v zone chrezvychainykh situatsii.

The article represents results of time-matched follow-up of population residing in Myslets settlement that appeared in railway accident zone with significant phenol and oil products spread. Various health disorders diagnosed in the residents in 4 months after the accident appeared not specific, according to thorough studies by Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational diseases, by RAMSc Clinic for Occupational Medicine. The authors demonstrate leading role of occupational pathology center in medical care for people in disaster zone, role of occupational therapist. Other emphasis is put on technogenous stress importance in conflict situations.

Cross-protection and reassortment studies with avian H2 influenza viruses.

In order to assess the degree of immune cross-protection among avian H2 influenza virus strains, mice were immunised with beta-propiolactone-inactivated virus preparations and infected intranasally with mouse-adapted variant of A/Black Duck/New Jersey/1580/78 (H2N3) strain. The experiments with 11 avian H2 strains revealed that both Eurasian and American H2 avian influenza viruses exhibit either high or moderate degree of cross-protection. The grouping of the strains in accordance with their cross-protection efficiency does not coincide with H2 phylogenetic branches. Several reassortant clones were obtained with the use of A/Pintail Duck/Primorie/695/76 (H2N3) strain and high-yield X-67 reassortant as parent viruses, among them a high-yield H2N3 reassortant. Taking into account the data on cross-protection among avian H2 strains, the high-yield H2N3 reassortant may be regarded as a prototype strain to be used for the preparation of killed vaccines in the case of a new appearance of avian H2 haemagglutinin in circulation in humans.

[Occupational disease services in Chuvash Republic]. / Profpatologicheskaia sluzhba Chuvashskoi Respubliki.

In 1984 an Occupational Pathology Center for 30 patients opened in Tchuvash Republic; since 1989 the Center was given a right to certify primary diagnosis of an occupational disease. Occupational morbidity structure in Tchuvash Republic corresponds to that in Russia, but the morbidity level in Tchuvash Republic is slightly lower than that in Russia. The Occupational Pathology Center in Tchuvash Republic served as an object of experiments in elaboration of occupational regulation parameters.

[Gene analysis and phenotypic characteristic of highly-reproductive reassortants, containing the gene for bird influenza virus subtype H2 hemagglutinin]. / Gennyi analiz i fenotipicheskaia kharakteristika vysokoreproduktivnykh reassortantov, soderzhashchikh gen gemaggliutinina virusa grippa ptits podtipa H2.

A series of reassortant clones with antigenic formulae H2N1 and H2N3 were produced by genetic reassortment performed with the use of an avian influenza virus, A/Pintail Duck/Primorie/695/76 (H2N3) and a high-yield reassortant strain X-67. Preliminary identification of the parent origin of NP and NS genes for 5 reassortants was performed by comparison of the mobilities of virus-specific proteins in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The parent origin of genes of internal and nonstructural proteins for 3 reassortants was identified by partial sequencing. Although the genes of internal and nonstructural proteins of the reassortants originated from high-yield X-67 virus, only H2N3 reassortants were similar to the high-yield parent virus as concerns the level of the virus accumulation evaluated by hemagglutination titration and measurement of the virus protein content.

Intergenic HA-NA interactions in influenza A virus: postreassortment substitutions of charged amino acid in the hemagglutinin of different subtypes.

In our previous studies influenza A virus reassortants having neuraminidase (NA) gene of A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) strain and hemagglutinin (HA) genes of H3, H4 and H13 subtypes were shown to produce a low virus yield and to exhibit a strong tendency to virion aggregation. More detailed studies with the use of a H3N1 reassortant and its high-yield non-aggregating variants revealed that NA of A/USSR/90/77 strain is inefficient in the removal of the terminal sialic acid residues from the virion components, and that the inefficiency of NA may be compensated by mutations in HA gene leading to a decrease of the receptor-binding affinity (Kaverin, N.V. , Gambaryan, A.S., Bovin, N.V., Rudneva, I.A., Shilov, A.A., Khodova, O.M., Varich, N.L., Sinitsin, B.V., Makarova, N.L., Kaverin, N.V., 1998. Postreassortment changes in influenza virus hemagglutinin restoring HA-NA functional match, Virology 244, 315-321). The present report describes studies performed with the use of H2N1 and H4N1 reassortants having HA genes of A/Pintail/Primorie/695/76 (H2N3) and A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/56 (H4N6) strains respectively and NA gene of A/USSR/90/77 strain. The low-yield reassortants and their high-yield non-aggregating variants were studied in both direct and competitive binding assays with sialic acid-containing substrates. The non-aggregating variants were shown to have a decreased affinity as compared to the initial reassortants toward high-molecular-weight sialic acid-containing substrates. The sequencing of HA genes revealed that all non-aggregating variants of H2N1 and H4N1 reassortants had amino acid substitutions increasing the negative charge of the HA molecule in the vicinity of the receptor-binding pocket. The results suggest that the influenza virus reassortants containing low-functional NA undergo similar postreassortment changes irrespective of the HA subtype: their receptor-binding activity decreased due to negatively charged amino acid substitutions in the vicinity of the receptor-binding pocket.

Transmission of Eurasian avian H2 influenza virus to shorebirds in North America.

Influenza A virus of the H2 subtype caused a serious pandemic in 1957 and may cause similar outbreaks in the future. To assess the evolution and the antigenic relationships of avian influenza H2 viruses, we sequenced the haemagglutinin (HA) genes of H2 isolates from shorebirds, ducks and poultry in North America and derived a phylogenetic tree to establish their interrelationships. This analysis confirmed the divergence of H2 HA into two geographical lineages, American and Eurasian. One group of viruses isolated from shorebirds in North America had HA belonging to the Eurasian lineage, indicating an interregional transmission of the H2 gene. Characterization of HA with a monoclonal antibody panel revealed that the antigenicity of the Delaware strains differed from the other avian strains analysed. The data emphasizes the importance of avian influenza surveillance.

Postreassortment changes in influenza A virus hemagglutinin restoring HA-NA functional match.

An important function of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is the removal of sialic acid residues from virion components in order to prevent the aggregation of virus particles. In previous communications we have reported that reassortant viruses containing the NA gene of A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus and HA genes of H3, H4, H10, or H13 subtypes had a tendency to virion aggregation at 4 degrees C and that the virion clusters irreversibly dissociated after the treatment with bacterial neuraminidase. It was concluded that in such reassortants the removal of sialic acid residues is inefficient. Nonaggregating variants of the reassortants were selected in the course of serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs. In the present paper a reassortant virus, R2, having the HA gene of A/Duck/Ukraine/1/63 (H3N8) virus and the other genes of A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus, as well as its non-aggregating passage variants and both parent viruses, have been studied in order to reveal the presence of unremoved sialic acid residues in the virions. An assay of sialic acid content by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection has revealed the presence of sialic acid in the purified virus preparations of A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus and the R2 reassortant and its nonaggregating variants, whereas only trace amounts of sialic acid have been detected in the A/Duck/Ukraine/1/63 (H3N8) parent virus. The data obtained with the use of the labeled "indicator" virus suggest that the unremoved sialic acid residues are present at the virion surface. The nonaggregating variants have been shown to possess a lower affinity toward high-molecular-weight sialic acid-containing substrates compared to the initial reassortant R2. Sequencing of HA genes has revealed amino acid changes in the nonaggregating variants compared to the initial reassortant. One substitution, N248D in HA1, is the same in two independently selected nonaggregating variants. The presented data suggest that the complete removal of sialic acid residues by viral NA from the virion components is not obligatory for the absence of virus particle aggregation: the latter may be achieved (in the reassortants and, presumably, in the wild-type virus) through a balance between the degree of HA affinity toward the sialic acid-containing receptors and the extent of the removal of sialic acid residues by NA.

[Study of incorporation of highly-cleaved H7 hemagglutinin, expressed by a recombinant vector in virions of superinfecting influenza viruses]. / Issledovanie inkorporatsii vysokorasshchepliaemogo gemaggliutinina H7, ékspressiruemogo rekombinantnym vektorom, v viriony superinfitsiruiushchikh virusov grippa.

CV-1 cells were preinfected with H7-SV40 recombinant vector and superinfected with influenza viruses A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1), A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/56 (H4N6), or B/Hongkong/73. A fraction of the yields of influenza A viruses was infectious without trypsin treatment due to the incorporation of cleaved H7 hemagglutinin into virions. The specificity of the effect was confirmed by neutralization of the infectivity with anti-H7 serum. At a low multiplicity of infection the incorporation of H7 hemagglutinin into virions allowed the virus to replicate without trypsin in a multi-cycle manner. The fraction of the infectious virus and the kinetics of the multi-cycle infection in H7-expressing cells were similar in the cells superinfected with A/USSR/90/77 and with A/Duck/Czechoslovakia/56 viruses, thus demonstrating a low specificity of interaction between H7 hemagglutinin and heterologous M2 proteins. The superinfection of H7-expressing cells with influenza B/Hongkong/73 virus did not produce infectious phenotypically mixed virus, which may be regarded as an indication of inability of influenza B virus NB protein to replace functionally the influenza A virus M2 protein in its interaction with hemagglutinin.

[The health indices of those working in the cleanup during accident recovery operations]. / Nekotorye pokazateli zdorov'ia likvidatorov v period avariino-vosstanovitel'nykh rabot.

Having analyzed the data base of All-Army register contained information about 35,970 rescuers it was determined that 45.5% of them during works in dangerous radiative conditions complained of the health change for the worse characterized by the state of irritation of mucous membrane of superior respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The direct correlation between value of irradiation dose and frequency of complaints, and also degree of lowering of there physical performance have been defined.

[The epidemiological markers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains circulating in different types of hospitals]. / Epidemiologicheskie markery shtammov Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tsirkuliruiushchikh v statsionarakh raznogo profilia.

Pyocinovar and serovar characteristics of 91 P.aeruginosa strains isolated from patients and the environment in a hospital for premature children, a child survey hospital and a neonatological hospital. The leading epidemiological markers of P.aeruginosa strains, among them pyocinovar 883722, serovar 6 (a hospital for premature children), pyocinovar 888888, serovar 4 (a child surgery hospital), pyocinovars 888888 and 861322 (a neonatological hospital).