[Research on microflora and the qualitative composition of periodontal pathogens by PCR method in patients with root caries and external cervical resorption]. / Issledovanie mikroflory i opredelenie kachestvennogo sostava parodontopatogenov metodom PTsR u patsientov s kariesom tsementa i naruzhnoi tservikal'noi rezorbtsiei.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to study the microflora of periodontal pockets and gingival fluid; determine the qualitative composition of periodontal pathogens by PCR; to determine the main associations of microorganisms, to determine the periodontal index in patients with cement caries, external pathological resorption and in patients from the comparison group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination included 80 patients, including 28 patients with a diagnosis of cement caries, 25 patients with a diagnosis of external cervical root resorption, 27 patients in the comparison group without tooth root damage. Based on the results of microbiological studies in various clinical conditions of the oral cavity, in particular, in different forms of lesions of the periodontium and hard tissues of teeth, the predominant microbial representatives and their combinations were identified. RESULTS: According to the study, it was revealed that all patients with cement caries and external pathological resorption have pathological processes arising in the periodontium. The study of the qualitative composition of the microflora showed that in patients with cement caries, the following associations of microorganisms are most often found: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, Treponema denticola. Patients with external pathological resorption of microorganisms were found in patients with external pathological resorption of microorganisms: Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Candida albicans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Epstein-Barr virus. These periodontal pathogenic microorganisms have a wide range of pathogenicity factors, which allows them to induce a prolonged inflammatory process. CONCLUSION: The study of the microflora of periodontal pockets and gingival sulcus in case of caries of cement and external pathological resorption is an important link in preventing the development and aggravation of pathological conditions of hard tissues of the tooth root and periodontal tissues.

[Home treatment of dental hyperesthesia symptoms]. / Simptomaticheskoe lechenie giperestezii zubov v domashnikh usloviyakh.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess the efficacy of Sensodyne toothpast for the improvement of dental hypersensitivity of various origin and the duration of the achieved effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 142 patients of which 95 people had tooth sensitivity. Of these, 4 groups were formed homogeneous by age and sex. Group 1 comprised 27 people (average age 34±3 years) with I grade dental abrasion. Group 2 comprised 23 people (average age 33±5 years) with II grade dental abrasion. Group 3 consisted of 23 people (average age 37±4 years) with grade 3 abrasion with gingival recession of varying severity. Group 4 (comparison) comprised 22 people (mean age 36±4 years) with tooth hypersensitivity who were offered a different toothpaste. The severity of hyperesthesia was assessed using the Schiff method. RESULTS: The study revealed statistically significant decrease in dental sensitivity in all studied groups. The first positive results were noted by day 3. The maximum effect was achieved by day 30 regardless of the etiology of the primary pathology. The hypersensitivity decreased in group 1 from 1.69±0.59 to 0.48±0.20 (by 71.5%), in group 2 from 1.78±0.88 to 0.3±0.22 (by 83.1%), in group 3 from 1.94±0.6 to 0.35±0.17 (by 82%). The duration of the effect obtained was 60 days. In the comparison group, the symptom of hyperesthesia decreased by 51% after 30 days with gingival recession and increased abrasion of hard tissues when using another toothpaste. The achieved effect of reducing hyperesthesia was less stable. At day 60 it decreased by 30% from the maximum value. CONCLUSION: The study proved the high efficiency of the Sensodyne toothpaste as a home remedy for symptomatic treatment of hyperesthesia.

[The structure of inflammatory periodontal diseases and the dynamics of the periodontal status in pregnant women during the gestational period]. / Struktura vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii parodonta i dinamika parodontal'nogo statusa beremennykh na protiazhenii gestatsionnogo perioda.

Basing on the analysis of 165 pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of periodontal disease the structure of inflammatory periodontal diseases and periodontal status of pregnant women during gestation has been studied considering the influence of various factors on the dynamics of several periodontal and hygiene indices. The study proved a significant age-related deterioration of the periodontal status of pregnant women due to hormonal changes in the gestational period.

[Special aspects of individual oral hygiene in patients with I class gingival recession]. / Osobennosti individual'noi gigieny rta u patsientov s retsessiei desny I klassa.

AIM: To assess the efficacy of additional oral hygiene products in patients with gingival recession. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 patients aged from 18 to 35 years with gingival recession participated in the study. The patients were distributed into 2 groups 15 patients in each depending on the use of brushes. The patients in the first group used manual toothbrush Curaprox CS 5460 together with single-tufted brush Curaprox CS 1006 as an additional means of oral hygiene. The patients in the second (control) group used only manual toothbrush Curaprox CS 5460. RESULTS: No significant differences in the values of Silness-Löe and Navy-Rustogi indixes between groups were found at initial examination (p=0.713). However, the values of these hygienic indexes were significantly lower in the first group compared to the control group after 1 week and 1 month of the study (p<0.001). It was shown that oral hygiene in patients with gingival recession was significantly better in case of use of single-tufted brush. CONCLUSION: Maximal efficacy of oral hygiene in patients with gingival grade 1 recession can be achieved by using manual toothbrush Curaprox CS 5460 together with single-tufted brush Curaprox CS 1006.

[The need for specific toothpaste in patients receiving occlusal splint therapy]. / Neobkhodimost' podbora spetsial'noi zubnoi pasty u patsientov s okkliuzionnymi kappami.

The aim of the study is to determine the optimal properties of toothpaste for patients receiving occlusal splint therapy. The study comprised 50 people with full dentition (21 male and 29 female) divided into two groups. The main group included 25 individuals receiving occlusal splint therapy while 25 people who did not use splints were recruited as controls. Each group was further divided into two subgroups according to toothpaste used for regular oral hygiene. Examinations were performed after 14, 30 and 90 days using hygienic indices of NCI-C and Turesky and PMA gingival index. The combined effect of toothpaste was estimated by the change in the volume and acidity of saliva. The results suggest a better level of hygiene in the group I, which used toothpaste with sodium bicarbonate and silica.

The accuracy of CBCT for the detection and diagnosis of vertical root fractures in vivo.

AIM: To compare the in vivo accuracy of CBCT for the detection of fracture lines versus the diagnosis of vertical root fractures (VRFs) according to characteristic patterns of associated bone resorption. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-eight patients with symptoms typical of VRFs in root filled teeth, who underwent a CBCT examination and later had the teeth extracted, were divided into two groups: the fracture group (n = 65) and the control group (n = 23). Five blinded observers assessed the CBCT images in two sessions. During the first session, they were asked to state the diagnosis according to the CBCT and clinical data. During the second session after 2 weeks, they assessed only axial slices and were asked to detect a fracture line. The mean CBCT specificity, sensitivity, accuracy values and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve were calculated and compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The average sensitivity of CBCT for the diagnosis of VRFs was 0.84 ± 0.2. The accuracy and AUC values were 0.81 ± 0.08 and 0.84 ± 0.17, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy and AUC values for the detection of VRFs were significantly lower: 0.17 ± 0.24 (P = 0.042), 0.54 ± 0.07 (P = 0.043), and 0.52 ± 0.09 (P = 0.043), respectively. The specificity of CBCT for the detection and diagnosis of VRFs did not differ significantly (P = 0.50). CONCLUSION: Cone-beam computed tomography was helpful in VRF diagnosis even when it was not possible to visualize the fracture line.

[Periodontal diseases and complicated pregnancy]. / Bolezni parodonta i oslozhnennoe techenie beremennosti.

PURPOSE: Based on the datas available in the modern literature, to conduct a study on the effect of dental diseases on the course of pregnancy and outcome; mainly, the impact of periodontal disease on the low birth weight of the newborn and premature birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This article is based on the study of materials from foreign and domestic studies found in the databases Pubmed and Elibrary. Literature data were used for the last 15 years. RESULTS: The majority of pregnant women who are not receiving due dental examination and suffering with those or other diseases of the oral cavity have an unfavorable outcome of pregnancy, including premature births and low weight of the premature newborn. The role of the chronic effect of oral microorganisms Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nudeatum, as well as local increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), in the implementation of the inflammatory reaction leading to a decrease in the weight of the fetus by 15-18%. CONCLUSION: Due to the conducted research it was established that periodontal diseases and other infectious diseases of the oral cavity negatively affect the course of pregnancy and its outcome. The main problems were the lack of women's health education in terms of preparing for pregnancy and sanitation of foci of infection in the oral cavity both before pregnancy and at the time, as well as poor access to the dentist and not receiving proper prevention and, if necessary, treatment of oral diseases.

[Application of oral Foams Splat Oral Care Foam 2 in 1 in patients with false xerostomia]. / Primenenie ochishchaiushchikh polost' rta penok Splat Oral Sare Foam 2 in 1 pri lozhnoi kserostomii.

The purpose of our study was to identify false xerostomies in students of different nationalities studying at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Sechenov University and to assess the effectiveness of Splat Oral Care Foam 2 in 1 against xerostomia stress-induced. Based on the results of Fox test 40 people were selected who used Splat Oral Care Foam 2 in 1 for three weeks. The participants were divided in 4 groups of 10 depending on the nationality. Oral hygiene was assessed by OHI-S and Silness-Loe indices and saliva was collected by the method of M.M. Pozharitskaya to determine salivation rate. It was found that the use of Splat Oral Care Foam 2 in 1 significantly improves the level of oral hygiene and positively affects the rate of salivation, thereby improving the quality of life.

[The efficacy of electroodontodiagnosis by means of various types of current]. / Éffektivnost' élektroodontodiagnostiki s pomoshch'iu razlichnykh vidov toka.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: determination of the optimal parameters of the action of various types of current, which have the most pronounced irritating effect on the receptor apparatus of the tooth pulp. The study involved 102 volunteers aged 19 to 72 years (53 females and 49 males). The study was conducted on 217 teeth: 86 molars, 25 premolars, 19 canines and 98 incisors. 137 (63%) teeth were intact, in 48 (22%) teeth caries were found, in 32 (15%) teeth there was pulpitis or teeth were depulpated. Electroexcitability of the teeth was determined with the help of various types of electric current: an impulse variable, an impulse constant and a sinusoidal variable. The optimal current for carrying out an electroodontodiagnosis proved to be sinusoidal variable current with a frequency of 50 Hz. This current does not cause polarization of tissues, it is easy to dose, it causes a clear, but not painful sensation, gives the smallest spread of the indicators during repeated studies. The obtained results allowed formulating requirements for electroodontodiagnosis devices.

[Comparison of interdental oral hygiene aids efficiency in patients with healthy periodontium: a split-mouth study]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti sredstv interdental'noi gigieny rta u patsientov so zdorovym parodontom: issledovanie split-mouth.

AIM: Comparison of different interdental aids efficiency in patients with healthy periodontium. METHODS: A non-randomized controlled split-mouth study was carried out in 25 young adults with healthy periodontium. The mouth was divided into 4 quadrants. All the participants used manual toothbrush. Additional hygienic aids included SPS prime (Curaprox) interdental in quadrant 1 brushes, dental floss (Curaprox) in quadrant 2, unituft toothbrush (Curaprox) in quadrant 3, no interdental aids were used in quadrant 4. The oral hygiene efficiency was assessed after 4 weeks with Silness-Loe Plaque Index (PI) and Rustogi et al. Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI). RESULTS: After 4 weeks the mean value of PI decreased from 1.2±0.27 to 0.7±0.28, the mean value of RMNPI decreased from 0.7±0.11 to 0.5±0.16. At the primary examination, there was no statistically significant difference of PI and RMNPI values between the quadrants. After 4 weeks, ANOVA test demonstrated significant difference between the quadrants. The minimal PI and RMNPI values were determined in quadrant 1 (0.4±0.16 and 0.3±0.11, respectively). The maximal PI and RMNPI values were determined in quadrant 4 (1.0±0.21 and 0.6±0.14, respectively). There was no significant difference between quadrants 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: In limitations of this study, the maximal oral hygiene efficiency was achieved with use of manual toothbrush combined with interdental brush.

[Comparative effectiveness of therapeutic toothpastes with fluoride and hydroxyapatite]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti lechebno-profilakticheskikh zubnykh past, soderzhashchikh ftorid i gidroksiapatit.

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite and fluoride on enamel caries resistance and remineralization rate. Study groups comprised 160 patients divided in 2 groups of 80 patients: 40 - at the age of 15-17 and 40 at the age of 18-25 who have been using toothpastes with hydroxyapatite and fluoride during 1 year. The plaque determination was carried out with the use of OHI-S and Turesky indexes. Litmus test pieces were used to determine oral fluid pH. The clinical determination of enamel remineralization rate, dynamics of acid resistance of enamel were carried out. Oral hygiene at baseline examination was poor in both groups. After oral hygiene training, there was a tendency towards indexes decrease more pronounced in the 18-25 age group regardless of the composition of the toothpastes used. Mean baseline oral fluid pH in the observation group was 6.5±0.4, in the comparison group - 6.8±0.4. By the end of the trial there was a tendency towards the increase of the oral fluid pH, which were 7.3±0.3 and 7.7±0.3, respectively. The enamel acid resistance of the patients of the observation group was significantly higher (p>0.05) compared with the group of patients using fluoride toothpaste, as well as the proportion of patients in whom the enamel recovery occurred within 24 hours (47.5% vs. 22.5%, respectively).

[The in vitro examination of the effectiveness of antiseptic substances for a surface disinfection of teeth inoculated with Escherichia coli]. / Issledovanie in vitro éffektivnosti antisepticheskikh veshchestv dlia poverkhnostnoi dezinfektsii zubov, inokulirovannykh Escherichia coli.

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of penetration of Escherichia coli bacteria into the dentinal tubules of the samples and determine the antimicrobial efficacy after 5 and 20 min exposition of 3% H2O2 (groups I and II) and 1 and 5 min exposition of 3% NaOCl (groups III and IV) for surface disinfection of bovine teeth. The samples were subjected to inoculation with E. coli suspension. The quality of disinfection was assessed with the three methods. The surface disinfection of samples proved to be effective only in groups II and IV. In the cultures of all dissolutions of dentinal chips suspensions in groups I, III and V there was a growth of E. coli in the form of a continuous pitch. In the group II a growth of Escherichia coli was revealed only in the initial dissolution in the quantity 1,8x101 CFU/ml, whereas in the group IV the growth was nil. Quantitative estimation of bacterial penetration using the method of maximum dissolutions revealed similar quantity of bacteria as in the group II as well as in the calculation of CFU. The application of 3% solution of H2O2 with the exposition of 20 minutes secures the qualitative surface disinfection of teeth without destruction of bacteria inside dental tubules and that allows to discover viable bacteria inside dentinal tubules.

[Efficiency of paste and suspension with nano-hydroxyapatite on the sensitivity of teeth with gingival recession]. / Éffektivnost' vliianiia pasty i suspenzii s nano-gidroksiapatitom na chuvstvitel'nost' zubov pri retsessii desny.

The purpose of our study was to assess the efficiency of toothpaste 'Intensive strengthening of supersensitive teeth with nano-GAP' INNOVA and the suspension 'Liquid Enamel' INNOVA on the sensitivity of teeth with gingival recession. We examined 40 people aged 20-25 years. Each group consisted of 20 people: 10 women, 10 men. The first group (observations) used the paste and the suspension for 14 days, and the second group (comparisons) cleaned teeth only with a brush without a paste. Schiff aerial test was performed to assess the rate of hypersensitivity. As a result of the study, it was found that the combination of paste and liquid suspension with nano-hydroxyapatite for 14 days effectively reduced the hypersensitivity of the teeth with gingival recession that was shown by a statistically significant decrease in the Schiff index in the observation group. Thus, this combination is the method of choice in the treatment of hyperesthesia and can be used as an alternative substitute therapy.

[Assessment of antibacterial efficacy of ozone therapy in treatment of caries at the white spot stage]. / Antibakterial'naia éffektivnost' ozonoterapii pri lechenii kariesa v stadii belogo piatna.

Effect on cariogenic flora is the key toremineralizing therapy efficacy in treatment of initial caries (at the white spot stage). Ozone in dentistry is used as a highly effective antibacterial agent. Treatment of white spot lesions with the ozone-air mixture leads to significant increase of efficacy in non-invasive treatment of initial caries. OBJECTIVE: clinical and microbiological assessment of antibacterial efficacy of ozone therapy in treatment of caries at the white spot stage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial recruited 86 patients for non-invasive treatment of caries at the white spot stage which included the complex of professional oral hygiene, medicamental treatment of white spot lesions with hydrogen peroxide 3% and chlorhexidinedigluconate 0,2%, treatment with the ozone-air mixture and application of hydroxyapatite Са2+. Material for microbiological study was received before the treatment, after the complex of professional oral hygiene and medicamental treatment of white spot lesions conducted as well as after the treatment with the ozone-air mixture. RESULTS: Before the treatment up to 16 kinds of microorganisms on the surface of white spot lesion were detected with the following shares: S. mutans (19.9%), S. salivarius (15.1%), S. epidermidis (8.7%), S. mitis (6.5%), Lactobacillus (6.5%) and different kinds of staphylococci (10.8%). After the complex of professional oral hygiene and medicamental treatment conducted decrease in number of cariogenic microorganisms was indicated as follows: S. mutans - from 1·105 to 1·104, S. salivarius - from 1·107 to 1·106, S. epidermidis - from 1·105 to 1·104, S. mitis - from 1·104 to 1·103, Lactobacillus - from 1·104 tо 1·103. After the treatment of tooth enamel with the ozone-air mixture increase in microorganisms was not observed. The efficacy of ozone on cariogenic microorganisms exceeds significantly the efficacy of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 0,2% chlorhexidinedigluconate. CONCLUSION: It is strongly advisable to include ozone in protocol of non-invasive treatment of initial dental caries.

[The influence of teeth morphology on bioelectrical activity of masticatory muscles]. / Vliianie morfologii zubov na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' zhevatel'nykh myshts.

The aim of the study was to reveal correlation of dental morphology and bioelectric activity of masticatory muscles. The study included 76 young adults (47.4% females and 52.6% males) divided in 3 groups according to dental morphology features: intact teeth (26 patients), dental decay in fissures with intact cusps (25 patients), pronounced dental decay with varying degree of crown destruction (25 patients). Electromyography (EMG) was used to document the bioelectric activity (BEA) of temporal and masticatory muscles. The study showed high level of correlation of destructive teeth changes with BEA of masticatory muscles. Intragroup correlation proved direct link of BEA to the number of decayed teeth. EMG activity differed significantly between groups 2 and 3. There was no statistically significant difference between groups 3 and 1 mostly because of high variability of BEA in group 3. Relative activity of temporal and masticatory muscles increased in groups 2 and 3 by 2 and 4% and 38 and 19%, correspondingly. There was no significant impact of gender or emotional status on masticatory muscles BEA.

[Gender-related differences in working practice and professional growth of dentists]. / Osobennosti trudovoi deiatel'nosti i vozmozhnosti professional'nogo rosta vrachei-stomatologov s uchetom ikh gendernykh razlichii.

The paper presents some aspects of professional growth, continuous education and working conditions of female dentists having impact on treatment quality and dental service state in general. Questionnaire survey was carried out in 124 dentists, both male and female, aged 22 to 60 years. The study revealed gender asymmetry influencing their competitive ability, physical and emotional well-being.

[Endodontic treatment efficacy enhancement by means of instrumental physiotherapy]. / Povyshenie éffektivnosti éndodonticheskogo lecheniia s pomoshch'iu apparaturnykh metodov.

The article describes in detail and examines the prospects of such methods as electroodontodiagnosis, diathermocoagulation and apex-phoresis. It proves the necessity of development and standardization of devices for the mentioned treatment modalities that will improve the effectiveness an quality of caries complications treatment.

Effect of long term application of toothpaste Apadent Total Care Medical nano-hydroxyapatite. / Otsenka effektivnosti dlitel'nogo primeneniya zubnoi pasty Apadent Total Care, soderzhashchei Meditsinskii nano-gidroksiapatit.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of toothpaste «Apadent Total Care¼ containing nanocalciumhydroxyapatite and its influence on caries resistance of tooth enamel and teeth sensitivity. The study involved 30 people: 15 patients aged 17-25 years and 15 aged 35-44 years. Study participants used «Apadent Total Care¼ toothpaste with nanocalciumhydroxyapatite. To evaluate the effectiveness of toothpastes clinical assessment of enamel remineralization rate was carried out, as well as the dynamics of enamel acid resistance and teeth sensitivity (Shiff index). Clinical evaluation of tooth enamel before the procedure and after 3 months of use of toothpaste with nanohydroxyapatite showed the improvement of all indices. Time for complete remineralisation of enamel in both groups did not exceed 3 days. Acid resistance of tooth enamel increased by 1.65 in group I and 1,75 in group II. The Schiff index after 3 months of using «Apadent¼ toothpaste also decreased in both groups.

[Sensitivity of microbial associations of periodontal lesions to antibacterial agents].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was the development of approaches to improve the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in dental practice on the basis of determining the sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics of different groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included determination of the sensitivity of the microbial complexes from wound exudate of periodontal pocket and apical abscess to macrolides, quinolones, penicillins, lincosamides and 5-nitroimidazole. A survey of dentists and dental clinics patients to identify the cause and frequency of use of antibiotics and to identify possible adverse reactions was also conducted. RESULTS: Dentists prefer macrolide antibiotics, protected penicillins, and fluoroquinolone combined with 5-nitroimidazole. All patients have taken antibiotics themselves at least once a year. Microbial complexes in patients with acute and exacerbated apical periodontitis in 79% of cases are susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, to azithromycin - 52%, lincomycin - 36%, 5-nitroimidazole - 68%, ciprofloxacin - 73.7%. In patients with apical abscess high rates of resistance of microbial complexes to all types of antibiotics was revealed (33% for lincomycin 76,1% for ciprofloxacin, 28,6% for 5-nitroimidazole). Patients with moderate to severe periodontitis in 90.5% are sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and azithromycin, in 62.4% to lincomycin. Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was detected in 85.7% of patients, in 14.3% - moderate resistance.