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1.
Ultrastruct Pathol ; 44(1): 52-60, 2020 Jan 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31893473

ABSTRACT

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp. which is a common contaminant of food items such as corn, spices, rice, nuts, and flour. Aflatoxin contamination of foods is a worldwide problem. Chronic aflatoxin exposure is found to be associated with Sciatic nerve damage. In vivo study was carried out to evaluate the toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the Sciatic nerve. Twenty-one adult male rats were included and divided equally into 3 groups (7 rats each): Group I (control group), group II (olive oil group) and group III: (AflatoxinB1 group). The rats received AFB1 (250 µg/kg B.W./day) orally by gastric tube 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Sciatic nerve specimens were prepared, and semi-thin sections were stained with Toluidine blue, examined by light microscope and photographed. Ultrathin sections (50-80 nm) from selected areas of the trimmed blocks were made, examined and photographed by transmission electron microscopy (JEOL-JSM-1011) in King Saud University Electron Microscopy Unit. The findings indicate that the administration of AFB1 to rats' results in degeneration in the sciatic nerve in the form of Wallerian degeneration in the myelin sheath. Macrophages appear to engulf the degenerated myelin and neutrophils.


Subject(s)
Aflatoxin B1/toxicity , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/pathology , Sciatic Nerve/drug effects , Sciatic Nerve/pathology , Sciatic Nerve/ultrastructure , Animals , Male , Rats , Wallerian Degeneration/chemically induced , Wallerian Degeneration/pathology
2.
World J Gastroenterol ; 15(28): 3511-5, 2009 Jul 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19630106

ABSTRACT

AIM: To determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in El Minya and Assuit, Upper Egypt. METHODS: One thousand consecutive patients with chronic GERD symptoms were included in the study over 2 years. They were subjected to history taking including a questionnaire for GERD symptoms, clinical examination and upper digestive tract endoscopy. Endoscopic signs suggestive of columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) were defined as mucosal tongues or an upward shift of the squamocolumnar junction. BE was diagnosed by pathological examination when specialized intestinal metaplasia was detected histologically in suspected CLE. pH was monitored in 40 patients. RESULTS: BE was present in 7.3% of patients with chronic GERD symptoms, with a mean age of 48.3 +/- 8.2 years, which was significantly higher than patients with GERD without BE (37.4 +/- 13.6 years). Adenocarcinoma was detected in eight cases (0.8%), six of them in BE patients. There was no significant difference between patients with BE and GERD regarding sex, smoking, alcohol consumption or symptoms of GERD. Patients with BE had significantly longer esophageal acid exposure time in the supine position, measured by pH monitoring. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of BE in patients with GERD who were referred for endoscopy was 7.3%. BE seems to be associated with older age and more in patients with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux.


Subject(s)
Barrett Esophagus , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/physiopathology , Adult , Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology , Barrett Esophagus/pathology , Barrett Esophagus/physiopathology , Egypt/epidemiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Female , Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/pathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Young Adult
3.
J Egypt Soc Parasitol ; 32(3): 907-21, 2002 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12512823

ABSTRACT

Ninety individuals (76 males and 14 females) were classified into four groups. G1 (Control) included 20 healthy individuals. G2 (Chronic hepatitis) included 20 patients, G3 (Liver cirrhosis group) included 30 patients, and G4 (HCC) included 20 patients with HCC. All groups were subjected to clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, complete blood picture, HCV antibodies, HBs Ag, and function tests (total and direct bilirubin, total plasma proteins and albumin, prothrombin time and concentration, and liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP). Patients of G3 & 4 were classified according to Child-Pugh classification into A. B and C. Upper endoscopic examination was done for 36/50 patients with chronic hepatitis or HCC. Circulating VEGF levels were determined by ELISA. There was a statistically high significant levels of circulating VEGF in G1, 2 & 3 than in the controls. A statistically significant higher level of circulating VEGF in G4 than in G3 & G4, and a statistically negative significant between VEGF levels and platelet count in G2. No significant correlation between VEGF and the grade of esophageal varices in G3 & G4. and no significant correlation between VEGF and upper GIT bleeding or spider naevi (vascular skin changes) in G2. A statistically significant was in correlation between VEGF and degree of hepatic dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Endothelial Growth Factors/blood , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood , Liver Diseases/blood , Lymphokines/blood , Adult , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood , Chronic Disease , Endothelium, Vascular , Female , Hepatitis/blood , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/blood , Liver Neoplasms/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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