[Disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum in inflammatory bowel diseases (psychosomatic correlations)]. / Rasstroistva trevozhno-depressivnogo spektra pri vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniiakh kishechnika (psikhosomaticheskie sootnosheniia).

AIM: To systemize anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to reveal clinically relevant psychosomatic correlations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty inpatients with IBD, including 32 with ulcerative colitis and 19 with Crohn's disease, were examined using clinical and follow-up methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Affective mental disorders (depressions of various structures of different genesis) were found in most (72%) of cases. Adaptation disorders in patients with personality pathology, depression in cyclothymia, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were identified as well. Psychosomatic correlations depended on the stage of IBD and the genesis of affective disorders. Somatogenic asthenic disorders prevailed at the stage of IBD manifestation and depressions of different structure with different course (recurrent, bipolar, attack-like) at the further stages of IBD. The psychosomatic relations at the subsequent stages of IBD were characterized by psychosomatic balancing. There were tendencies of convergence and divergence of mental disorders with the current somatic disease. The most severe variants (chronic continuous course, resistance to therapy) were found in patients with comorbid endogenous mental disorders. This was primarily due to the lack of a rational attitude of patients to the somatic disease and, therefore, the low compliance that must be taken into account in the treatment.

Ultrasound examination with contrast in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. The results of the pilot study.

AIM: Assessment of diagnostic significance of informativeness and security of ultrasonography with contrast enhancement drug SonoVue in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pilot conducted a prospective study which involved 15 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). All patients gave written consent to participate in the study and processing of personal data. The study included adult patients with an established diagnosis of UC and CD, with proven clinical activity of the disease. Activity was evaluated based on clinical and laboratory data on the scale of best (CDAI >150) for patients with CD and on a scale of Trulove-Witts (2-3 stage) and the Mayo index (DAI) for patients with UC. All the patients underwent colonoscopy with biopsy, ultrasound examination of abdominal cavity organs with the study of the vascularization of the intestinal wall (color Doppler, power Doppler, contrast study). RESULTS: The use of contrast showed additional features in the instrumental evaluation of activity of inflammatory process, identification of complications and assessment of prognosis. CONCLUSION: The results of ultrasound of the bowel with contrast can be used to assess the activity and stage of disease in patients with UC or CD.

[Visceral lesions in alcoholism]. / Vistseral'nye porazheniia pri alkogolizme.

Rich clinical material has been gained on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, cardiovascular, hepatic, pancreatic, gastric parameters in chronic alcoholics. Functional and morphological changes correlated with duration of chronic alcoholism. No definite relationship existed between the stage of alcoholism and alterations in laboratory and instrumental findings in the course of abstinence syndrome.

[Functional intestinal dyskinesias]. / K probleme funktsional'nykh kishechnykh diskinezii.

The authors relate the results of examining 120 patients with functional disorders of the colon. The majority of the patients manifested diverse mental abnormalities of the neurotic origin, represented by different patterns of mental pathology, somatized disturbances, neuroses and psychopathies. The conditions favouring the origin of neurotic and functional disorders have been elucidated. It is concluded from the comparison of different treatment modalities that psychotherapy may be preferred.

[Psychosomatic correlations in patients with functional disorders of the colon]. / Psikho- i somaticheskie vzaimootnosheniia u bol'nykh s funktsional'nymi narusheniiami tolstoi kishki.

Basing on comprehensive clinical investigations of 50 patients with colon dysfunction, relevant somatic and psychological aspects have been analysed. Colon dysfunction in shown to attend neurotic and personality disorders, to be in some cases a somatoform manifestation of endogenic depression. The majority of the patients had psychogenic neurotic affections closely related to colon dysfunction which is considered a psychosomatic pathology.

[The gastrin-producing function of the stomach in patients with chronic alcoholism]. / Gastrinobrazuiushchaia funktsiia zheludka u bol'nykh khronicheskim alkogolizmom.

Basal and maximum gastrin levels were measured in 81 patients with various stages of chronic alcoholism and different periods of alcohol intake, in 23 patients with chronic gastritis of nonalcohol etiology, and in 12 normal subjects. The findings permit a conclusion on the depressive effect of alcohol on the function of gastrin-producing G-cells, this resulting in lowered levels of both basal and maximal gastrin. A direct correlation between the degree of alcohol depression of gastric gastrin production and the length of alcohol consumption was revealed.

[Hepatopancreatic syndrome in chronic alcoholism]. / Gepatopankreaticheskii sindrom pri khronicheskom alkogolizme.

The results of puncture biopsy of the liver, ultrasonic and angiographic investigation of the liver and pancreas in 114 patients with chronic alcoholism revealed an increment of changes in these organs in parallel with an increase in the duration of chronic alcoholic intoxication. A simultaneous study of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide showed that an increase in the IRI basal level in the patients suffering from alcoholism up to 10 yrs was determined mainly by an increase in the activity of beta-cells. In a long period of alcoholism an increase in the IRI basal level resulted from a decrease in the rate of insulin degradation in the liver as assessed by a lower level of C-peptide. In liver cirrhosis a noticeable decrease in pancreatic incretory function was combined with noticeable disturbance of insulin degradation in the liver. The above investigations showed that there were morphological, functional and clinical signs of the "hepatopancreatic syndrome" in chronic alcoholism.

[Morphology and morphogenesis of chronic gastritis in patients with alcoholism]. / Morfologiia i morfogenez khronicheskogo gastrita u bol'nykh alkogolizmom.

The characteristics of all types of chronic gastritis in patients with chronic alcoholism is given. Alterations of the stomach mucous membrane in alcoholism of different duration are described in detail. The intermediate type filaments in the surface epithelium, cells of glands and macrophages are found which is reported to be a morphological manifestation of alcoholism.