ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and capacity of the probiotic composed of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in improving the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens. The broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design in poultry isolators (12 birds each), resulting in 3 treatments: T1 (control, no challenge and no Bacillus in diet), T2 (challenged with Eimeria spp., followed by Clostridium perfringens infection and no Bacillus in the diet), and T3 (challenged with Eimeria spp., Clostridium perfringens and treated with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). They were evaluated for a period of 29 d, divided into preinitial (1-7 d of age), initial (8-21 d), and growth (22-29 d) phases. Assessments of body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion were conducted, along with the classification of the scores and optical microscopy of the tract gastrointestinal. The animals challenged and treated with the probiotic containing Bacillus spp. showed improved indicators of zootechnical performance. Additionally, the animals challenged and treated (T3) had a better score for intestinal lesions compared to the other treatment groups. Therefore, the probiotic consisting of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could be considered an effective option for disease prevention and improving the zootechnical performance of broiler chickens.
Subject(s)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Bacillus , Eimeria , Enteritis , Animals , Bacillus subtilis , Chickens , Clostridium perfringens , Enteritis/veterinaryABSTRACT
Para verificação da ocorrência de alterações morfológicas no fígado, foram coletados dez animais de cada dieta, no 30º dia (1º período experimental) e no 60º dia (2º período experimental), sendo esse, o último dia do período experimental e início do clímax da metamorfose. Os girinos foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com três tratamentos: dieta experimental com 32,68% de proteína bruta e duas dietas comerciais com 37,92% e 57,53% de proteína bruta. Os órgãos coletados foram fixados em solução de Bouin e depois submetidos às práticas da rotina histotecnológica e coradas com hematoxilina - Eosina (HE). Na avaliação microscópica do fígado foram encontradas diversas alterações morfológicas como: Desorganização e vacuolização de hepatócitos, infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear periportal, multifocal e difuso, infiltrado inflamatório eosinofílico, congestão, hemorragia, hemólise e necrose. As alterações hepáticas encontradas neste estudo sugerem que as dietas utilizadas para os girinos de rã-touro, não atenderam suas necessidades dietéticas, afetando a homeostasia dos mesmos, comprometendo assim, sua sanidade.(AU)
To verify the occurrence of liver morphological changes, bullfrog tadpoles were fed three diets: an experimental diet with 32.68% crude protein and two commercial diets with 37.92% and 57.53% crude protein. Tadpoles were distributed into a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and four replications. Liver samples were collected twice, on the 30th and 60th day of the experiment. Tadpole livers were fixed in Bouin's solution, then subjected to routine histotechnology procedures, and stained with hematoxylin - eosin (HE). Microscopic evaluation of liver tissue showed several morphological changes like disorganization and vacuolization of hepatocytes; periportal, multifocal and diffuse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration, congestion, hemorrhage, hemolysis and necrosis. The liver changes found in this study suggest that diets used for bullfrog tadpoles, did not meet their dietary needs, what affected their homeostasis, thus compromising their health.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Hepatocytes/pathology , Homeostasis , Liver/pathology , Rana catesbeiana/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , HematoxylinABSTRACT
The hybrid fish Pseudoplatystoma spp. has been raised on a large scale by several fish farmers, despite the fact that little is known about its biology. This is because it presents a number of zootechnical advantages over the parental species. In order to provide information about the early morphology of this important species, we analyzed the fertilization and embryonic development of the hybrid between spotted females and barred males of sorubim specimens by light microscopy and by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after induced spawning. Samples were collected at pre-established moments up to larval hatching. Seven distinct stages of hybrid embryonic development were identified: zygote, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, histogenesis and organogenesis, and hatching. Under SEM, we observed spermatozoa at the micropyle entrance, the formation of a fertilization cone in the eggs, the differentiation of cephalic and caudal regions, the neural tube and embryo growth along the cephalo-caudal axis, as well as rudimentary optic vesicle and barbels. Under light microscopy, cytoplasmic movement was apparent with the consequent formation of animal and vegetative poles in eggs, in addition to epiboly movements and a small notochord portion. Under TEM, the oocyte chorion and eggs presented a sieve-like aspect in transversal cuts, coupled with the rupture of cortical alveoli and chorion elevation, thus enlarging the perivitelline space. Several mitochondria in the cortical cytoplasm were detected in both oocytes and eggs. Overall, we observed that the larvae hatched without visible morphological alterations, and seemed to be as viable in captive systems as they are in the natural environment.
