ABSTRACT
We report the first time-synchronized protocol stack running on a crystal-free device. We use an early prototype of the Single-Chip micro Mote, SCµM, a single-chip 2×3 mm 2 mote-on-a-chip, which features an ARM Cortex-M0 micro-controller and an IEEE802.15.4 radio. This prototype consists of an FPGA version of the micro-controller, connected to the SCµM chip which implements the radio front-end. We port OpenWSN, a reference implementation of a synchronized protocol stack, onto SCµM. The challenge is that SCµM has only on-chip oscillators, with no absolute time reference such as a crystal. We use two calibration steps - receiving packets via the on-chip optical receiver and RF transceiver - to initially calibrate the oscillators on SCµM so that it can send frames to an off-the-shelf IEEE802.15.4 radio. We then use a digital trimming compensation algorithm based on tick skipping to turn a 567 ppm apparent drift into a 10 ppm drift. This allows us to run a full-featured standards-compliant 6TiSCH network between one SCµM and one OpenMote. This is a step towards realizing the smart dust vision of ultra-small and cheap ubiquitous wireless devices.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we examine the use of beamforming techniques to interrogate a multitude of neural implants in a distributed, ultrasound-based intra-cortical recording platform known as Neural Dust. We propose a general framework to analyze system design tradeoffs in the ultrasonic beamformer that extracts neural signals from modulated ultrasound waves that are backscattered by free-floating neural dust (ND) motes. Simulations indicate that high-resolution linearly-constrained minimum variance beamforming sufficiently suppresses interference from unselected ND motes and can be incorporated into the ND-based cortical recording system.
