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1.
Transplant Proc ; 42(1): 376-80, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20172353

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a canine model the induction of tolerance to renal transplantation after splenectomy and splenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, experimental, comparative, longitudinal study included 4 experimental groups, each comprising 4 dogs. Group 1 (control group) underwent renal transplantation only; group 2 underwent renal transplantation and splenectomy; group 3 underwent renal transplantation and splenosis; and group 4 underwent renal transplantation, splenectomy, and splenosis. Survival and degree of rejection were compared between the 4 groups. RESULTS: Splenosis improved renal function after transplantation, as indicated by increased serum creatinine concentration (group 3, 6.2 mg/dL vs group 1, 12.9 mg/dL). Comparison of weighted survival curves (corrected for degree of rejection) demonstrated a significant difference between group 2 (66.0 days) and group 4 (66.2 days) vs group 1 (52.7 days) and group 3 (41.2 days) (P = .05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that in this experimental model of renal transplantation, splenosis and splenectomy induce clinical tolerance, as indicated by improved renal function and prolonged recipient survival.


Subject(s)
Immune Tolerance , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Spleen/transplantation , Splenosis/immunology , Animals , Body Weight , Creatinine/blood , Dogs , Graft Rejection/immunology , Graft Rejection/mortality , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Kidney Transplantation/mortality , Leukocyte Count , Male , Models, Animal , Prospective Studies , Splenectomy , Survival Analysis
2.
Climacteric ; 13(5): 492-8, 2010 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19938947

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the possible interaction of care of grandchildren with women's symptoms at postmenopause. METHODS: A cross-sectional, community-based study was carried out recruiting a total of 386 postmenopausal women at public places in the city of León, Mexico. For each woman, we collected data about their interaction with children and grandchildren, and scores of physical and emotional symptoms frequently found at menopause. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol in serum were measured. RESULTS: Women who met their children more frequently had decreased sexual interest. Women without children or grandchildren had lower scores on the empty nest syndrome (ENS) and non-specific symptoms of depression (NSSD). The care of grandchildren was associated with loss of sexual interest, depression, NSSD and ENS. Age was inversely associated with hot flushes and anxiety. Schooling was strongly associated with lower scores for hot flushes, depression, anxiety and ENS. CONCLUSIONS: Among other factors associated with symptoms at postmenopause, such as hormone conditions, age and schooling, maternal investment in children and grandchildren may impose a physical and emotional cost that favors the onset of symptoms at postmenopause.


Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Intergenerational Relations , Menopause , Mother-Child Relations , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Body Mass Index , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Estradiol/blood , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Menopause/blood , Menopause/psychology , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Pathol Oncol Res ; 14(4): 435-42, 2008 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18752050

ABSTRACT

Expression of estrogen receptors (ER) is clinically relevant in designing therapeutic strategies. The relative importance of the two types of estrogen receptors (ER-alpha and ER-beta) in human breast cancers in pre- and post-menopausal women has not been properly defined. To determine the possible association between the expression of estrogen receptor and serum estradiol levels in pre- and post-menopausal women with breast cancer. 44 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were studied and a breast tissue biopsy was taken. ER-alpha and ER-beta were detected by immunocytochemistry. Serum levels of estradiol and estrone were measured by radioimmunoassay and FSH was measured using IRMA. We studied 21 pre- and 23 post-menopausal women with breast carcinoma. Examining the number of cases with tumors positive for ER, we found no differences in the frequency of ER-alpha between pre- and post-menopausal women, but ER-beta decreased marginally after menopause (p < 0.051). In cases with tumors positive for ER, the proportion of cells positive for ER-alpha was similar post-menopausally (53.95%) and pre-menopausally (57.21%), but for ER-beta the number of positive cells decreased significantly after menopause (p < 0.051). In pre-menopausal women there was a correlation between serum estradiol levels and ER-beta; in post-menopausal women there was a correlation between serum FSH levels and ER-alpha. These results indicate that estradiol levels in women with mammary carcinoma are related to ER-beta expression in the breast tumor tissue.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/biosynthesis , Estrogen Receptor beta/biosynthesis , Postmenopause/metabolism , Premenopause/metabolism , Adult , Estradiol/blood , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Middle Aged , Radioimmunoassay
4.
BMC Cancer ; 6: 206, 2006 Aug 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16911782

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The mechanism for maintaining telomere integrity is controlled by telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that specifically restores telomere sequences, lost during replication by means of an intrinsic RNA component as a template for polymerization. Among the telomerase subunits, hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) is expressed concomitantly with the activation of telomerase. The role of estrogens and their receptors in the transcriptional regulation of hTERT has been demonstrated. The current study determines the possible association between telomerase activity, the expression of both molecular forms of estrogen receptor (ERalpha and ERbeta) and the protein bcl-2, and their relative associations with clinical parameters. METHODS: Tissue samples from 44 patients with breast cancer were used to assess telomerase activity using the TRAP method and the expression of ERalpha, ERbeta and bcl-2 by means of immunocytochemical techniques. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in 59% of the 44 breast tumors examined. Telomerase activity ranged from 0 to 49.93 units of total product generated (TPG). A correlation was found between telomerase activity and differentiation grade (p = 0.03). The only significant independent marker of response to treatment was clinical stage. We found differences between the frequency of expression of ERalpha (88%) and ERbeta (36%) (p = 0.007); bcl-2 was expressed in 79.5% of invasive breast carcinomas. We also found a significant correlation between low levels of telomerase activity and a lack of ERbeta expression (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Lower telomerase activity was found among tumors that did not express estrogen receptor beta. This is the first published study demonstrating that the absence of expression of ERbeta is associated with low levels of telomerase activity.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Telomerase/metabolism , Treatment Outcome , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma/drug therapy , Carcinoma/metabolism , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Epirubicin/therapeutic use , Female , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , HeLa Cells/metabolism , Humans , Middle Aged
5.
J Med Entomol ; 40(6): 996-9, 2003 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14765683

ABSTRACT

The Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, is one of the most widely distributed bats, and its range includes the whole Mexican territory. Ectoparasites of this bat have been the subject of isolated reports, but no studies of its community ecology have been conducted. The acarine infracommunities associated with this bat were analyzed, comparing bat populations from three arid regions of Mexico: an abandoned factory in Nombre de Dios, Durango; a cave in Santiago, Nuevo León; and a church in Concepción del Oro, Zacatecas. The acarine infracommunity in Nuevo Le6n's bats exhibited the highest levels of diversity as reflected by a higher richness, a lower dominance, and a moderate and relatively homogeneous abundance in this locality in relation to the other two. This pattern is influenced by stable cave conditions relative to artificial habitats. Notwithstanding, further studies are required to determine whether or not different habitat conditions are a primary factor in the process of structuring the acari infracommunities.


Subject(s)
Chiroptera/physiology , Animals , Chiroptera/classification , Chiroptera/psychology , Desert Climate , Geography , Mexico , Population Density , Social Behavior , Species Specificity
6.
Steroids ; 66(7): 559-67, 2001 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11322964

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Obese, postmenopausal women have lower FSH levels. To determine whether this is due to higher estrogen exposure, we compared feedback gonadotropin sensitivity and its relation to insulin resistance in four groups of obese and lean, postmenopausal women. Group one was treated with 400 mg troglitazone (TG) daily for two weeks; 150 clomiphene citrate (CC) was added daily for the second week. Group two received 150 mg CC daily for a week. Group three received 1000 mg metformin (MET) daily for two weeks, with 120 mg raloxifene (RAL) added during the second week. Group four received 120 mg RAL for a week. Before and after each period, a serum pool was obtained from samples taken every minute during a 10 ml interval. The women recruited for this study were categorized as obese or lean based on BMI >/= 29 or BMI < 29, respectively. Obese, menopausal women had lower FSH (45.5 IU/l) and LH (16.2 IU/l) values than those of lean (64.1 IU/l and 23.0 IU/l), but the obese menopausal women had higher leptin, DHEAS, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels. Log [FSH] was associated with BMI (r = -0.53, P < 0.000001) and number of pregnancies (r = -0.37, P = 0.0009). TG treatment did not change HOMA-IR or gonadotropin levels, but DHEAS and androstenedione levels decreased significantly. CC alone or together with TG, diminished FSH (-7.9 and -9.2) and LH (-2.5 and -3.6) concentrations, with a greater reduction in lean women. MET reduced glucose and the HOMA-IR index without affecting gonadotropin or steroid levels. CONCLUSIONS: obese, menopausal women have lower FSH levels due to greater estrogen exposure, by mechanisms unrelated to insulin resistance.


Subject(s)
Gonadotropins/physiology , Menopause/physiology , Thiazolidinediones , Chromans/administration & dosage , Chromans/pharmacology , Clomiphene/administration & dosage , Clomiphene/pharmacology , Estrogens/pharmacology , Feedback, Physiological/physiology , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Gonadotropins/blood , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Insulin Resistance , Menopause/blood , Metformin/administration & dosage , Metformin/pharmacology , Middle Aged , Obesity/blood , Pregnancy , Raloxifene Hydrochloride/administration & dosage , Raloxifene Hydrochloride/pharmacology , Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/administration & dosage , Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology , Thiazoles/administration & dosage , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Troglitazone
7.
J Med Entomol ; 38(2): 153-60, 2001 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11296816

ABSTRACT

Periglischrus leptosternus new species was found on the bat Choeronycteris mexicana in the central part of Mexico. The female, male, and protonymph are described and illustrated.


Subject(s)
Chiroptera/parasitology , Mite Infestations/veterinary , Mites/classification , Animals , Female , Male , Mexico , Mite Infestations/parasitology , Mites/anatomy & histology
8.
Hum Immunol ; 61(10): 1031-8, 2000 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11082516

ABSTRACT

To analyze the contribution of MHC class II genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with end stage renal disease (ESRD), we examined the distribution of HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 loci in Mexican Mestizos of Central Mexico, using PCR-SSOP and PCR-SSP. Three groups were included: 47 type 2 diabetic ESRD patients; 42 patients with ESRD and 50 type 2 DM patients with no kidney complication. The results were compared with those of 101 controls of the same area. The median since DM was first diagnosed, was 18 years prior to the onset of ESRD. The frequencies of DRB1*1502 and DQB1*0501 were increased in DM patients with ESRD (p = 0.004; RR = 7.4, CI = 1.5-37; EF = 0. 13; p = 0.007; RR = 2.9, CI = 2.3-3.5, EF = 0.21, respectively). In contrast, DRB1*0407 was decreased in the same group (p = 0.0008, RR = 0.2; CI = 0.035-0.70, PF = 0.19). Diabetic patients with DRB1*1502 are 8.8 times more likely to develop ESRD, independently of the duration time of DM. DRB1*1502 contributes to the susceptibility to ESRD while DRB1*0407 is involved in protection. The residue at DRB1-74 differs in these alleles: DRB1*0407 has glutamic acid and DRB1*1502 has an alanine, suggesting that this substitution may be important for both, peptide anchoring and for presentation to the T cells.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Ethnicity/genetics , Genes, MHC Class II , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
9.
Rev Invest Clin ; 52(3): 241-5, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10953606

ABSTRACT

We studied the factors associated with perceived psychosocial stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 105 patients (27 men and 78 women) with a mean age of 51.6 (50.2-52.5, 95% CI) years and 8.6 (7.3-9.8, 95% CI) years since diagnosis. The patients were overweight with body mass index (BMI) of 27.6, and most of them had deficient metabolic control (mean glucose of 10.6 nmol/L and HbA1c of 9.2%). Glycated hemoglobin was associated with BMI (negatively, p = 0.002), with adherence to diet (negatively, p = 0.027) and with years since diagnosis (p = 0.031). The association with BMI was found only in women. It was explained by the fact that obese women had fewer years since diagnosis, and recently diagnosed patients have a better metabolic control. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed perceived stress associated with percent body fat and blood glucose in the total group, with years since diagnosis in women (p = 0.02), and with BMI in men (p = 0.03). No association was found between perceived stress and adherence to treatment. We concluded that in our group, perceived stress was associated with obesity and metabolic control.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
10.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev ; 16(2): 106-13, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10751750

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycosylation end product (AGE) formation is a major mechanism for the development of complications in diabetes, and the possible roles of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are not clearly established. METHODS: We examined the associations of AGEs, free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients under diverse conditions. In a cross-sectional design we studied 110 subjects (67 women and 43 men): non-diabetic controls in group 1, (n = 15) and diabetes patients as follows: group 2, without complications (n = 25); group 3, with chronic complications (n = 25); group 4, with acute or chronic infections (n = 24); group 5, hospitalized for reasons unrelated to diabetes (n = 9); group 6, with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 12). AGEs were determined by a spectrofluorometric method (HPLC). Insulin and IGFBP-3 were measured by RIA and free IGF-1 with an IRMA method. RESULTS: AGEs were 13-fold higher in patients with ESRD (p<0.001), and lower in healthy individuals. Free IGF-1 was lower in the patients with complications (p = 0.017), with infections (p = 0.006) and hospitalized (p = 0.04). IGFBP-3 was higher in hospitalized patients (p=0.017). AGEs were associated with free IGF-1 (r = 0.41, p = 0.04) in the group with complications, and with HbA(1c) (r = -0.90, p = 0.002) in hospitalized patients. In the total group, free IGF-1 (r = -0.25, p = 0.008), and IGFBP-3 (r = -0.22, p = 0.021) were associated with HbA(1c). CONCLUSION: We concluded that AGEs were markedly increased in diabetic patients with ESRD, IGF-1 was decreased in patients with infections and hospitalized, and was negatively associated with HbA(1c). IGFBP-3 was increased in hospitalized patients, with higher levels in patients with long bone fractures. A complex interaction of humoral factors may participate in the acceleration of complications of diabetes.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Glycation End Products, Advanced/blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol/blood , Communicable Diseases/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetic Nephropathies/blood , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Inpatients , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Regression Analysis
11.
Acta Diabetol ; 37(2): 55-60, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11194927

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma levels in patients with clinical type 2 diabetes mellitus, at different stages of autonomic neuropathy. Eighteen patients were classified in groups without (n = 6) and with early (n = 6), definite (n = 3) and severe (n = 3) neuropathy. Blood catecholamine levels were measured after the Valsalva maneuver, cold exposure and orthostatic tests. The norepinephrine basal levels were lower in patients with severe neuropathy (0.4 +/- 0.2 nmol/l), compared with the group with no neuropathy (1.3 +/- 0.5 nm/l, p = 0.034), or with early neuropathy (1.3 +/- 0.7 nm/l, p = 0.035). After the Valsalva maneuver, no increase was found in the group with severe alteration. In patients without neuropathy, cold exposure induced a peak of norepinephrine at 5 min (delta = 1.9 +/- 1.6 nmol/l). The increase was lower in groups with definite and severe damage. In patients with definite or moderate neuropathy, the orthostatic test induced minimal or no response. The epinephrine response to the maneuvers was not significant, and no differences were found among the groups. Norepinephrine basal levels and cold responses are diminished in patients with definite and severe autonomic neuropathy. This provides further evidence on their impaired response to stress. The comparable epinephrine levels in patients with or without autonomic neuropathy indicates that adrenal medullar function is not significantly altered.


Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetic Neuropathies/blood , Epinephrine/blood , Norepinephrine/blood , Cold Temperature , Dizziness/blood , Humans , Middle Aged , Valsalva Maneuver
12.
Adolescence ; 34(134): 389-401, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10494985

ABSTRACT

This study investigated factors associated with the sexual experiences of 523 underprivileged Mexican adolescents. Approximately 41% of the males and 24% of the females were sexually active, with more than half not using contraceptives. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sexual activity was strongly associated with age, knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases, and attitudes toward sexuality. Positive affective responsiveness in the family was associated with sexual activity and number of sexual partners. Family problem solving and roles were also associated with sexual activity. The use of contraceptives was negatively related to affective involvement between parents, and being a victim of sexual abuse was negatively associated with number of persons in the family. These findings support the notion that affective environment within the family is a factor in adolescent sexuality.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sexual Behavior , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Poverty , Socioeconomic Factors , Unemployment
13.
Menopause ; 6(2): 174-8, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10374226

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Considering that chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) may determine premature ovarian failure by various mechanisms, we studied the age at menopause in women without diabetes and in women with type 2 DM. DESIGN: We studied 409 women without diabetes and 404 patients with type 2 DM, selected from 45 to 55 years of age, for analysis with the status quo method. The age at menopause was calculated with a logistic regression on the proportions of menopausal women for each age group. RESULTS: In the groups, 172 women without diabetes and 207 women with diabetes had menopause. The regression procedure gave a median age of 49.7 +/- SD 1.7 years for the whole group, 49.6 +/- 1.6 years for the nondiabetic group, and 49.8 +/- 1.7 years for women with diabetes. Women without diabetes were 1.4 years younger, but this factor did not have an influence on the results. Smoking habits, vegetarianism, and somatometric variables were similar in both groups, except for waist/hip and abdomen/hip ratios, larger in the group of women with diabetes. The mean for years since diagnosis in patients < 45 years of age was 4.9 years. For older patients, the figure increased to 8.9 years. CONCLUSIONS: No difference for age at menopause was found between women without diabetes and women with type 2 diabetes who were 5 to 8 years since the diagnosis was made.


Subject(s)
Age of Onset , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Menopause , Age Distribution , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Risk Factors
14.
Diabet Med ; 16(3): 238-44, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10227570

ABSTRACT

AIMS: We have investigated denial of disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its possible association with metabolic control, and with psychosocial variables: satisfaction with medical care, perceived stress, social support, knowledge of diabetes and belief in conventional medicine. METHODS: We studied 160 patients in a cross-sectional design, in two groups: with (70) and without social security coverage (90). The mean age for the total group was 53.6 years, with a known diabetes duration of 8.1 years. RESULTS: Denial of disease was similar in those with < or = 5 years since diagnosis (73 patients) and with > 5 years (87). The group without social security had higher scores of perceived stress, and lower scores of social support, knowledge about diabetes and belief in conventional medicine; denial, however, was similar in the two groups with or without social security. Multiple regression analysis showed that denial of disease was positively associated with HbA1c in the total group (P < 0.001), in the groups with < or = 5 and > 5 years since diagnosis, as well as in the groups with or without social security. Denial was also associated with years since diagnosis (P = 0.009) for the group with < or = 5 years since diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that, in patients with Type 2DM denial of disease increases with time during the first 5 years of evolution of diabetes; is associated with poor metabolic control; but is not associated with knowledge of diabetes, belief in conventional medicine, social support or perceived stress.


Subject(s)
Denial, Psychological , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Satisfaction , Pilot Projects , Regression Analysis , Social Support , Stress, Psychological , Surveys and Questionnaires
15.
J Med Entomol ; 35(4): 543-50, 1998 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9701942

ABSTRACT

The new species Spinturnix traubi was found on the bat Corynorhinus mexicanus in Tlaxcala, Mexico. The female, male, female deutonymph, male deutonymph, and protonymph are described and illustrated.


Subject(s)
Chiroptera/parasitology , Mite Infestations/veterinary , Mites/classification , Animals , Female , Male , Mite Infestations/parasitology , Mites/anatomy & histology
16.
Rev Invest Clin ; 50(2): 119-26, 1998.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9658930

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore correlations of sociobiological variables with levels of blood hemoglobin (HB) in 490 pregnant women. SETTING: Women attending private practice and two public hospitals in the city of Leon, State of Guanajuato (1800 m above sea level). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Demographic, obstetric, nutritional and socioeconomic data were obtained together with an EDTA-blood sample for CBC, and serum for metabolite assays. The women had a mean gestation of 25 weeks (range 4-40) and 65% were multiparous with a mean parity of 2.1. By Mexican standards they had fairly high social, nutritional and intergenesic lapse. Associations were explored by step-wise multiple ANOVA. RESULTS: On the basis of HB < 12 g/dL (equivalent aprox to 11 at sea level), 37% of the women were considered anemic. The MANOVA (excluding iron deficiency) showed associations of HB with gestation (p < 0.001) and parity (p = 0.024). Iron deficiency was present in 76% of the anemics (136/180) and 31% of the non-anemics (97/310). Folate and vitamin B12 assays in women with anemia and no iron deficiency showed folate or B12 deficiency in only 33% (14/43) leaving 29 cases with anemia of unknown etiology. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Gestation age was the factor most strongly associated to anemia and iron deficiency in our sample. 2. Anemia and iron deficiency were seen in 37% (N = 180) and 48% (N = 233) of the women respectively. 3. Of the 180 anemic women, 76% (N = 136) were iron deficient but only 14/43 anemic without iron deficiency were folate or B12 deficient leaving 6% (29/490) with anemia of unknown etiology. 4. The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency were high in our population in spite of its fairly good sociodemographic and nutritional conditions.


Subject(s)
Anemia/blood , Iron Deficiencies , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Anemia/epidemiology , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Mexico , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
17.
Maturitas ; 28(1): 35-45, 1997 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9391993

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the physical characteristics, emotional symptoms and metabolic conditions of menopausal women with and without non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). METHODS: We studied 100 menopausal women 45-72 years of age, 51 with and 49 without NIDDM, in a cross-sectional design. Biological characteristics were collected and emotional symptoms were assessed with a modified Hamilton and Bech-Rafaelsen scale, scoring depression, anxiety, non specific symptoms of depression (NSSD) and the empty nest syndrome (ENS). Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip and abdomen/hip ratios and percent of body fat were registered. The sulfoconjugated form of the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), cortisol and fasting, as well as postprandial insulin/glucose ratios, were measured in blood. RESULTS: Women with NIDDM had earlier mean age for menopause, more central obesity and less peripheral fat; they had also more prevalent emotional symptoms than non diabetic menopausal women. In women with NIDDM, symptoms were associated with years since diagnosis and with BMI. In non diabetic menopausal women schooling and attitudes to sexuality were associated with symptoms. FSH was inversely associated with BMI in both diabetic and non diabetic women; postprandial insulin/glucose ratio was correlated with central obesity in the group without NIDDM and cortisol with sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the group with NIDDM. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of NIDDM and its metabolic conditions were associated with an increased frequency of some symptoms in menopausal women.


Subject(s)
Anxiety/psychology , Depression/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Menopause/physiology , Menopause/psychology , Aged , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Fasting , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Humans , Hydrocortisone/blood , Menopause/blood , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Regression Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires
18.
Clin Chem ; 43(9): 1563-9, 1997 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9299934

ABSTRACT

We proposed a simple analytical procedure for measurement of serum advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) based on simultaneous detection of low-molecular-mass peptides and AGEs with a flow system and two detectors connected on-line: spectrophotometric for peptides (lambda = 280 nm) and spectrofluorometric for AGEs (lambda ex = 247 nm, lambda em = 440 nm). Sample pretreatment was carried out in microcentrifuge tubes: Serum (20 microL) was deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid (480 microL, 0.15 mol/L) and lipids were extracted with chloroform (100 microL). Twenty microliters of the filtered aqueous layer was injected to the flow system and the relation between fluorescence and absorption signals was measured. A peptide-derived AGE calibrator was used for calibration. Within-day and between-day CVs were 6.7% and 9.1%, respectively, at an AGE concentration corresponding approximately to that in healthy individuals. Mean results (+/-SD) in 10 healthy individuals were 10.1% +/- 1.0%, in 21 patients with diabetes without complications 18.0% +/- 6.2%, in 25 patients with complications 24.1% +/- 15.4%, and in 12 diabetic patients in end-stage renal disease 92% +/- 30%. Comparison with an ELISA procedure (x, in arbitrary units/L) yields a regression equation y = 0.713x + 1.24 (Sy [symbol: see text] x = 6777, r = 0.8477, n = 41).


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Glycation End Products, Advanced/blood , Glycation End Products, Advanced/analysis , Humans , Online Systems , Peptides/blood , Peptides/chemistry , Reference Values , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Serum Albumin, Bovine/analysis , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Spectrophotometry/methods
19.
Rev Invest Clin ; 49(4): 303-8, 1997.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9707997

ABSTRACT

The peer review process for manuscripts submitted for publication to scientific journals and for the evaluation of grant research proposals is unsatisfactory in several respects. We examine here some of the problems related with evaluation of scientific merit. Some criteria for rejection are proposed, i.e. a poor preparation of the manuscript, a lack of a distinct hypothesis, a disagreement between hypothesis and methodology, and a deficient methodology. Other important criteria causes of rejection would be lack of originality of the hypothesis, scarce relevance of the work, and inconsistency in the results. Conversely, interesting work are rejected for invalid objections such as "less than optimal design", "lack of experience of the group" and some conceptual objections which are controversial. In order to improve the peer review process, we propose a larger role of editorial committees in final editorial decisions, an improved mechanism for selection of reviewers, and more explicit criteria for causes of rejection for reviewers and authors.


Subject(s)
Peer Review , Publishing/standards , Research/standards , Humans , Research Design
20.
J Hum Hypertens ; 11(7): 405-11, 1997 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9283055

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of injectable hormone replacement therapy (HRT) vs a placebo in hypertensive menopausal women. DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective randomised double-blind study over 90 days. Fifty-five menopausal women with mild to moderate hypertension, stopped their antihypertensive medication and were studied for 2 weeks. Diastolic BP increased to over 105 mm Hg in five patients who were not included in the study. The remaining patients were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo (PL), estradiol valeranate 10 mg (E), and estradiol valeranate 4 mg plus prasterone enantate 200 mg (E+P). A further five patients were excluded from the study for different reasons. RESULTS: Standing and recumbent BP decreased in the PL group but did not change in the E and E+P patients. No change was observed in the serum levels of total cholesterol or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol at the end of the trial. Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone and insulin levels decreased during the study; PRA fell more significantly in the E+P group, the aldosterone reduction was highly significant in both hormone treated groups, specially the E+P group. Plasma insulin decreased in all groups and FSH levels were lower in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a randomised controlled trial no rise in BP was found after 90 days in hypertensive women with two forms of HRT. There was an unexpected fall in BP in those women allocated to placebo injections.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Hypertension/physiopathology , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Insulin Resistance , Lipids/blood , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Renin/blood , Risk Factors
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