THE IMPACT OF THE DIABETES ON ORAL HEALTH - AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on the oral health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This is an observational study. In the present research were taken into consideration 300 patients. The study sample consisted of 191 males, respectively (63.7%) of them and 109 females (36.3%) of the participants. RESULTS: Results: In the current study, we analyzed the oral health of diabetic patients within the age class of 11-80 years. We divided them into seven age groups: 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, and 71-80 years. Based on the results of the current study it was observed that 83.7% of patients were affected by gingivitis. The results of our study show that dental caries prevalence was 68.7 % and the prevalence of missing teeth among patients with diabetes mellitus was 78.7%. According to the ANOVA test, high blood sugar values had a direct impact on the manifestation of gingivitis and there it was a strong correlation between them P-value = .000. Males with diabetes mellitus were more affected by dental caries and this was indicated by the P-value= .02, in comparison to females who recorded a P-value = .03. The relation between gender males and missing teeth was highly significant P-value = .001. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The present study proved that diabetes mellitus is risk factor for oral health. The authors studied this group of patients exposed to high blood glucose levels and found out that oral diseases were high in these patients.

Effectiveness of Sealants Treatment in Permanent Molars: A Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND: Our study gives a clear result about sealants treatment in preventing dental caries manifestation and reducing its prevalence in children aged 6-11 years old. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare and evaluate the progress of dental caries in the first and second permanent molars and also to evaluate, within a period of 24 months, the clinical effects of dental sealants, used in the treatment of occlusive cavities, among children 6-11 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants: The overall sample was composed of 120 children, to whom we randomly chose 480 posterior teeth, which were divided into two groups. Intervention: The first group was the control group with 240 untreated teeth, while the second group had an equal number of teeth, which underwent the sealant treatment. The study participants were evaluated within the periods 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The study participants were checked every 6 months. Basic design: This observational, analytical, and descriptive research was designed as a longitudinal study. The study started in January 2019 and ended in January 2020. The study was conducted in five dental clinics in the city of Vlore, Albania. RESULTS: After 24 months of observation, we noticed that the number of dental caries in the untreated group is three times higher than the number of dental caries in the treated group. In the group of teeth treated with sealant, 189 (78.8%) teeth remained unaffected by dental caries. The present study showed that there is a significant correlation between period and caries manifestation (p < 0.05). It also proved that sealant treatment is an important measure and it is highly significant in the caries reduction (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: This study proved that sealant treatment is highly successful in reducing dental caries. In the future, it is worthwhile to go further in this research. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dental caries is a problem in children aged 6-11 years old and not only. That is why this study recommends that sealants treatment should be used to prevent and reduce the prevalence of dental caries. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Canga M, Malagnino G, Malagnino VA, et al. Effectiveness of Sealants Treatment in Permanent Molars: A Longitudinal Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):41-45.

Effectiveness of Fluoridation Depending on Periodicity in 6-10-year-old Children.

BACKGROUND: The cost-effectiveness of this study was achieved in the group that was treated every three months with periodic intervals, which had a reduction of caries with 62%. The relative effectiveness of our study is the application of fluoride treatment every 3 months compared with treatments done every 4 and 6 months, respectively. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reduction of caries disease depending on the time period of fluoride gel application. The sample was chosen randomly. MAIN HYPOTHESIS: The frequency of fluoride gel application every 3 months has positive impacts on reducing dental caries. BASIC DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study with a controlled sample for a period of 24 months. Durashield fluoride fluid (5% sodium fluoride) was used for the treatment of permanent dentition of the 6-10-year-old children. CLINICAL SETTING: This study proves that fuoride application every 3 months significantly reduces caries morbidity. PARTICIPANTS: Our study included 400 children, who were divided into 4 groups, 100 children in each group. INTERVENTION: The first group did not undergo any treatment and it is called the control group. The second group was under fluoride treatment every 4 months. The third group was treated with fluoride every 3 months, and the fourth group was treated every 6 months. RESULTS: The data collected from the control group showed that there is an increase in 24% of the caries incidence. In the group treated with fluoride every 4 months, caries incidence decreased to 30%. The group treated every 3 months with periodic intervals had a reduction of caries with 62%, while the group treated every 6 months had a reduction of 40%. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, the fluoridation application every 3 months is significant for p = 0.000. CONCLUSION: The best results were achieved in the treatment with fluoride in a 3-month periodic interval. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Canga M, Malagnino VA et al. Effectiveness of Fluoridation Depending on Periodicity in 6-10-year-old Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(4):280-282.

Could early rheumatoid arthritis resolve after periodontitis treatment only?: case report and review of the literature.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated polyarthritis; currently no pathogenic agent has been identified as a disease trigger. A patient with RA, presumably caused by periodontal infection, whose remission has been observed after periodontitis treatment in absence of specific RA therapy, is reported here for the first time, to our knowledge. A 61-year-old male patient presented migrant arthritis associated with antibodies against citrullinated protein antigens positivity. The clinical features allowed to make RA diagnosis according to the 2010 European League against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology RA classification criteria. X-ray of the second upper molar showed chronic apical periodontitis. After its treatment, arthritis remission has been observed in the absence of specific RA therapy. It has been suggested that periodontitis may have a trigger role in RA pathogenesis. This could be explained by the enzymatic action of Porphyromonas gingivalis, probably leading to break tolerance to collagen. The identification and subsequent treatment of periodontitis should therefore be considered pivotal in RA prophylaxis and management.