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1.
Cornea ; 41(5): 604-608, 2022 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35383617

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to evaluate the prognosis of traumatic flap dislocation or avulsion in a large series of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) cases. METHODS: Retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative case series analyzes the visual and anatomical results after flap dislocation or avulsion, caused by trauma occurred at least 1 month after LASIK. RESULTS: A total of 37,315 eyes of 19,602 patients were reviewed. A traumatic flap complication was observed in 9 eyes of 9 patients, with a maximum interval of 37 months after surgery. Flap dislocation with central full-thickness folds was found in 5 cases; flap lifting and repositioning achieved a full recovery of uncorrected visual acuity. In another case, a partially detached flap was repositioned by a microsponge without lifting; self-limiting localized epithelial ingrowth followed. In 3 eyes, a complete flap avulsion occurred and, after epithelialization, a moderate refractive change was observed, comprised between -0.25 and -1 diopters (D) of spherical equivalent, with astigmatism <1 D; in 1 eye, the resulting myopia was corrected by repeat femtosecond LASIK. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic flap complications after femtosecond LASIK are rare but can occur even in the long term; they have a favorable anatomic and visual prognosis.


Subject(s)
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ , Myopia , Corneal Stroma/surgery , Humans , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/adverse effects , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/methods , Myopia/surgery , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Refraction, Ocular , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
2.
Eye (Lond) ; 35(8): 2246-2253, 2021 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33110248

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To study the patterns of vitreous incarceration in sutured vs non-sutured sclerotomies in patients subjected to 25-gauge macular surgery. METHODS: A prospective study of 135 eyes affected by epiretinal membrane or macular hole. Vitreal disposition was evaluated via ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) at the sclerotomy sites between 30 and 40 days after surgery, once the tamponade had completely disappeared. RESULTS: In total, 349 sclerotomies (86.2%) of 99 patients were non-sutured while 56 sclerotomies (13.8%) of 36 patients were sutured at the end of the surgical procedure. Among the 36 patients with sutured sclerotomies, 15 out of 36 (41.6%) had at least two sclerotomies sutured. All the sclerotomy sites were evaluated (405 sclerotomies). Sclerotomy suture was significantly associated with a less aggressive pattern of vitreal incarceration (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07-0.35, p < 0.001). Compared to preoperative values, day 1 post operative IOP was not significantly different in patients with sutured sclerotomies, while patients with non-sutured sclerotomies had a significantly lower day 1 post operative IOP. CONCLUSIONS: In 25-gauge macular surgery, UBM evaluation documented a higher rate of postoperative vitreous incarceration in the non-sutured sclerotomies, confirming the previously postulated role of the residual vitreous, left at the end of the surgery, in closing the sclerotomy site.


Subject(s)
Retinal Perforations , Sclerostomy , Humans , Prospective Studies , Retinal Perforations/surgery , Sclera/surgery , Suture Techniques , Vitrectomy
3.
Biomech Model Mechanobiol ; 18(2): 319-325, 2019 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30382505

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the biomechanical load resistance of different surgical wound configurations (mushroom, zig-zag, anvil and conventional trephination) in penetrating keratoplasty (PK) by designing a 2D and a 3D finite-element biomechanical model of the cornea. A mathematical model of the human cornea was developed, and different geometric configurations for PK were designed. The internal pressure was raised until the wound misaligned; wound prolapse then occurred. Better wound resistance was found in all the laser trephined profiles tested in comparison with the conventional straight one. The anvil profile was more resistant to the increasing internal pressure than was the mushroom or the zig-zag pattern. Thanks to its greater mechanical load resistance, the anvil profile made possible the apposition of a restricted number of sutures and early suture removal. These advantages can contribute to a faster visual recovery in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty.


Subject(s)
Keratoplasty, Penetrating , Biomechanical Phenomena , Corneal Transplantation , Humans , Pressure , Stress, Mechanical , Trephining , Weight-Bearing
4.
Retina ; 37(10): 1948-1955, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28085776

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study the patterns of vitreous incarceration at sclerotomy sites by ultrasound biomicroscopy in patients subjected to valved or nonvalved small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS: A prospective comparative study of 88 eyes affected by epiretinal membrane and macular hole. Patients were divided into four groups: valved or nonvalved 23-gauge (16 eyes each) and valved or nonvalved 25-gauge (20 eyes each); their vitreal disposition was compared by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Vitreal disposition was also assessed in 16 eyes of 16 patients subjected to valved 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS: Three vitreal patterns were identified: P0 (vitreous not visible or vitreous strand distant from the sclerotomy site), P1 (vitreous strand parallel to and in contact with the sclerotomy site), and P2 (vitreous strand entrapped in the sclerotomy site). The effect of valved trocar use on vitreous incarceration seemed to be somewhat beneficial, but no statistically significant effect could be shown (odds ratio: 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.42-1.74, P = 0.657). Similarly, no differences in vitreous incarceration were shown among vitrectomy gauges (23, 25, or 27) both in a model including valved trocars only (P = 0.858) and in a model with all available data (P = 0.935). CONCLUSION: In 23- and 25-gauge macular surgeries, postoperative vitreous incarceration does not seem to be reduced using valved cannulas and was similar to that observed in 27-gauge surgery.


Subject(s)
Epiretinal Membrane/surgery , Microsurgery/methods , Retinal Perforations/surgery , Sclera/surgery , Sclerostomy/instrumentation , Vitrectomy/instrumentation , Aged , Catheterization/methods , Epiretinal Membrane/diagnosis , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic , Prospective Studies , Retinal Perforations/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
5.
J Biophotonics ; 10(1): 75-83, 2017 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27472438

ABSTRACT

Keratoconus is an eye disorder that causes the cornea to take an abnormal conical shape, thus impairing its refractive functions and causing blindness. The late diagnosis of keratoconus is among the principal reasons for corneal surgical transplantation. This pathology is characterized by a reduced corneal stiffness in the region immediately below Bowman's membrane, probably due to a different lamellar organization, as suggested by previous studies. Here, the lamellar organization in this corneal region is characterized in three dimensions by means of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. In particular, a method based on a three-dimensional correlation analysis allows to probe the orientation of sutural lamellae close to the Bowman's membrane, finding statistical differences between healthy and keratoconic samples. This method is demonstrated also in combination with an epi-detection scheme, paving the way for a potential clinical ophthalmic application of SHG microscopy for the early diagnosis of keratoconus. SHG image acquired with sagittal optical sectioning (A) of a healthy cornea and (B) of a keratoconic cornea. Scale bars: 30 µm.


Subject(s)
Collagen/ultrastructure , Cornea/pathology , Keratoconus/diagnostic imaging , Microscopy/methods , Cornea/ultrastructure , Humans
6.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 41(9): 1962-72, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26603405

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Flexivue Microlens corneal inlay for the improvement of near vision in emmetropic presbyopic patients. SETTING: Ophthalmology Department, Misericordia e Dolce Hospital, Prato, Italy. DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: Corneal inlay implantation was performed in nondominant eyes using a 150 kHz femtosecond laser (iFS). Refraction, uncorrected (UNVA) and corrected (CNVA) near visual acuities, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, slitlamp evaluation, wavefront aberrometry, photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, endothelial cell density, and central corneal thickness measurements were assessed preoperatively and at each postoperative visit. RESULTS: The study evaluated 81 eyes. In 26 eyes, the mean preoperative UNVA and UDVA were 0.76 logMAR and 0.00 logMAR, respectively, compared with 0.10 logMAR and 0.15 logMAR, respectively, 36 months postoperatively. Sixteen (62%) of 26 treated eyes lost more than 1 line of UDVA, and 5 (19%) lost more than 2 lines of UDVA. Two eyes (8%) lost more than 1 line of CDVA at 36 months. The mean binocular UDVA was 0.00 logMAR preoperatively and 0.02 logMAR at 36 months. The mean spherical aberration increased after surgery. Statistically significant differences in the mean mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivities at higher spatial frequencies were found between treated eyes and nontreated eyes. Explantation was performed in 6 treated eyes because of halos, glare, and a reduced UDVA. CONCLUSION: The corneal inlay might be a safe and effective method of improving UNVA in emmetropic presbyopic patients. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. Fantozzi is a member of the Presbia medical advisory board. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.


Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Corneal Stroma/surgery , Emmetropia/physiology , Myopia/surgery , Presbyopia/surgery , Prosthesis Implantation , Aberrometry , Adult , Cell Count , Contrast Sensitivity/physiology , Endothelium, Corneal/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Methylmethacrylates , Middle Aged , Myopia/physiopathology , Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate , Presbyopia/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Prostheses and Implants , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity/physiology
7.
J Vis Exp ; (101): e52939, 2015 Jul 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26167711

ABSTRACT

The "all laser" assisted endothelial keratoplasty is a procedure that is performed with a femtosecond laser used to cut the donor tissue at an intended depth, and a near infrared diode laser to weld the corneal tissue. The proposed technique enables to reach the three main goals in endothelial keratoplasty: a precise control in the thickness of the donor tissue; its easy insertion in the recipient bed and a reduced risk of donor lenticule dislocation. The donor cornea thickness is measured in the surgery room with optical coherence tomography (OCT), in order to correctly design the donor tissue dimensions. A femtosecond laser is used to cut the donor cornea. The recipient eye is prepared by manual stripping of the descemetic membrane. The donor endothelium is inserted into a Busin-injector, the peripheral inner side is stained with a proper chromophore (a water solution of Indocyanine Green) and then it is pulled in the anterior chamber. The transplanted tissue is placed in the final and correct location and then diode laser welding is induced from outside the eyeball. The procedure has been performed on more than 15 patients evidencing an improvement in surgery performances, with a good recovery of visual acuity and a reduced donor lenticule dislocation event.


Subject(s)
Corneal Transplantation/methods , Endothelium, Corneal/transplantation , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Humans , Tissue Donors , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Visual Acuity
8.
Case Rep Ophthalmol ; 5(3): 329-35, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25473400

ABSTRACT

Here we present 2 cases of capsule contraction syndrome (CCS). In both cases, a hydrophilic acrylic Akreos MI60 (Bausch and Lomb) intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in the capsular bag through microincision cataract surgery, and the literature on the subject is reviewed. Since CCS has been described after the implantation of every IOL type, it is unlikely that the Akreos MI60 chemical and physical properties may cause CCS. When CCS occurs with IOLs composed of increasingly flexible materials that are inserted through incisions of decreasing size, a severe dislocation and deformation of IOL optics and haptics may develop. In both cases illustrated here, Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy was highly effective. Hence, also based on the literature, which reports severe complications as a result of surgical intervention, it is suggested that Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy be the first line of CCS treatment when the luxation of an IOL capsular bag is absent.

9.
Am J Ophthalmol ; 158(4): 664-670.e2, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25036878

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe a new laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty technique combining a femtosecond anvil-like trephination pattern with the laser welding procedure. DESIGN: Cohort prospective study with 1 year of follow-up (June 2011 through January 2013). METHODS: This study was performed at Misericordia e Dolce Public Hospital, Prato, Italy. Twenty-four eyes of 22 patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty: 4 had granular dystrophy, 12 had keratoconus in its final stages, 3 had post-herpetic leukoma, and 5 had corneal scars. A femtosecond laser was used to create anvil-profiled cuts in donor and recipient corneas. Diode laser welding was performed, supporting standard suturing. All patients were evaluated for corrected distance visual acuity, pachymetry, manifest astigmatism, and endothelial cell density after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Mean ± standard deviation postoperative corrected visual acuity was 0.48 ± 0.23 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR), 0.30 ± 0.18 logMAR, 0.18 ± 0.13 logMAR, and 0.13 ± 0.16 logMAR at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. At the same follow-up times, mean pachymetry was 537 ± 57 µm, 533 ± 74 µm, 528 ± 72 µm, and 529 ± 58 µm, respectively; and mean endothelial cell density was 1945 ± 371 cells/mm(2), 1881 ± 410 cells/mm(2), 1781 ± 401 cells/mm(2), and 1730 ± 376 cells/mm(2), respectively. Mean manifest and topographic postoperative astigmatism were: 3.6 ± 2.5 diopters (D) and 4.65 ± 2.57 D at 1 month, 2.93 ± 2.34 D and 4.79 ± 2.85 D at 3 months, 2.82 ± 1.75 D and 3.44 ± 2.28 D at 6 months, and 2.08 ± 1.25 D and 2.73 ± 2.01 D at 12 months, respectively. All surgical operations were successful and without intraoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the anvil trephination profile was effective for performing laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty. The large donor-recipient interface enables the laser welding procedure and good preservation of the recipient's endothelial cell pool.


Subject(s)
Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/surgery , Corneal Surgery, Laser/methods , Keratoconus/surgery , Keratoplasty, Penetrating/methods , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Astigmatism/physiopathology , Cell Count , Cornea/physiopathology , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary/physiopathology , Corneal Pachymetry , Corneal Topography , Endothelium, Corneal/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Keratoconus/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Tissue Donors , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity/physiology , Wound Healing/physiology , Young Adult
10.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 40(4): 545-57, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24680518

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of the Flexivue Microlens intracorneal inlay based on healing of corneal wounds and analysis of corneal structural features using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). SETTING: Ophthalmology Department, Misericordia e Dolce Hospital, Prato, Italy. DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: The intracorneal inlay was inserted in a stromal pocket created in the nondominant eye of emmetropic presbyopic patients using a femtosecond laser. In vivo confocal microscopy and AS-OCT examinations were performed preoperatively and 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 7.6 months. In the early postoperative period, IVCM showed intense cellular activity in the stroma around the inlay, edema, inflammation, and degenerative material deposition but normal regularity after 12 months. Anterior segment OCT showed a regular planar shape of the corneal pocket in all eyes. The mean of the side-cut angles was 30.7 degrees. The mean difference between the measured and planned pocket depth was 9.77 µm. At 1 month, hyperreflective areas beneath the inlay and microfolds were observed in 21 of the 52 eyes. After 12 months, the anterior segment profile was regular and interface pocket reflectivity decreased over time. Six patients had inlay removal postoperatively (3 before 6 months; 3 before 12 months); after removal, IVCM and AS-OCT showed clear corneas without signs of irregularity. CONCLUSION: In vivo confocal microscopy and AS-OCT analysis showed that the inlay elicited a low-level wound-healing response in its immediate vicinity with no alteration in the corneal structures. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. M. Fantozzi is a member of the Presbia medical advisory board. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.


Subject(s)
Cornea/pathology , Corneal Stroma/surgery , Microscopy, Confocal , Presbyopia/surgery , Prostheses and Implants , Prosthesis Implantation , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Biocompatible Materials , Female , Humans , Male , Materials Testing , Middle Aged , Polyvinyls , Prospective Studies , Surgical Flaps , Wound Healing
11.
Eur J Ophthalmol ; 24(2): 191-5, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24338585

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We describe a technique to avoid decentration of the visual axis of the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (Kpro), performing 2 concentric trephinations with femtosecond laser. METHODS: Two concentric side cuts were performed in a donor cornea using the 150-kHz Intralase FS laser. Within the same applanation procedure, an 8.5-mm-diameter anterior side cut was performed, followed by a concentric 3-mm-diameter anterior side cut. RESULTS: The technique was successfully replicated in 7 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Femtosecond laser-assisted double trephination results in a correctly prepared donor cornea, and in an inner side precisely matched with the prosthesis. At the end of the surgery, the Kpro was correctly centered.


Subject(s)
Artificial Organs , Cornea , Corneal Diseases/surgery , Laser Therapy/methods , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Tissue Donors , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity/physiology
12.
Eur J Ophthalmol ; 22(2): 188-94, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21725940

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the microbial contamination of the irrigating fluids at the time of phacoemulsification after the use of topical povidone-iodine and antibiotics prophylaxis. METHODS: A total of 119 patients undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients received 5 mg/mL levofloxacin starting from the day prior to surgery and topical and 5% povidone-iodine drops starting from 30 minutes before the surgery. At the end of each surgery, 2 samples of drainage liquids were sterilely collected from the drainage bags (DBL) and from the peristaltic pump single-cassettes (PCL) of the phacoemulsification machine. Search for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi was performed. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (31.5%) revealed a growth of at least one microbial species (53 DBL and 22 PCL, 44.5% vs 18.5%; p<0.001). Sixty-six patients (55.5%) had at least one positive intraoperative solution. Overall, 111 microbial strains were collected: 82 (74%) Gram-positive bacteria, 20 (18%) fungi, and 9 (8%) Gram-negative bacteria. Thirteen staphylococcal isolates from PCL, compared with 52 out of DBL (11% vs 43.7%, p<0.001), fungi were essentially isolated from PCL. No significant correlation was found between microbial isolation and risk factors. No postsurgical infective complication occurred in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of intraoperative fluids can provide evidence on sources or vehicles of postsurgical infections. Antibiotic prophylaxis and topical povidone-iodine can significantly contribute to minimize the risk of endophthalmitis.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Equipment Contamination , Fungi/isolation & purification , Ophthalmic Solutions , Phacoemulsification/instrumentation , Surgical Drapes/microbiology , Therapeutic Irrigation , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Colony Count, Microbial , Endophthalmitis/microbiology , Endophthalmitis/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Levofloxacin , Male , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Povidone-Iodine/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
13.
Retina ; 31(9): 1863-70, 2011 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21799465

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab, administered in a series of three monthly injections followed by a period of observation, in the treatment of cystoid macular edema because of occlusive vasculitis. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 13 consecutive eyes of 13 patients with cystoid macular edema because of occlusive vasculitis, which had been unresponsive to other medications and were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg). The evaluation consisted of a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity measurement, ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. The eyes received a series of 3 monthly injections followed by a 3-month observation period. RESULTS: A significant improvement in foveal thickness and visual acuity was obtained after the first injection, which increased after the second and the third injections and was maintained for 1.5 months after the last injection. The 2 parameters returned to the baseline values 3 months after the last treatment. There were no ocular or systemic adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab seems to be well tolerated and is associated with short-term improvement of visual acuity and decreased retinal thickness in patients with cystoid macular edema because of vasculitis that is resistant to conventional therapy.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Retinal Vasculitis/drug therapy , Adult , Bevacizumab , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Macular Edema/etiology , Macular Edema/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmoscopy , Retinal Vasculitis/complications , Retinal Vasculitis/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Visual Acuity/physiology
14.
J Neurooncol ; 96(3): 443-8, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19669095

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to describe the growth pattern of congenital malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body by reporting clinical and imaging findings with pathological correlation. An 11-month-old little girl presented with a whitish-pink iris mass in the right eye resulting from a small ciliary body mass consistent with medulloepithelioma at both clinical and computed tomography (CT) findings. At CT, the lesion showed heterogeneous attenuation, without intraocular calcifications. Eleven months later, clinical and ultrabiomicroscopy showed a clear enlargement of the mass, which invaded the pupil. At magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesion showed T1-weighted hyperintensity and T2-weighted slight hypointensity when compared to the vitreous and a notch in the anterolateral aspect of the ipsilateral lens. After intravenous gadolinium administration, the lesion showed intense homogeneous enhancement, and there was leakage of gadolinium in the anterior chamber, resulting from impairment of blood-aqueous barrier. Biopsy revealed a malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma. The eye was then enucleated, and histology confirmed the diagnosis. Systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not performed, since there was no extraocular extension. The 57-month clinical and MRI follow-up did not show disease relapse. This uncommon case displays the natural history of congenital malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body. While the tumour might have been successfully treated by local excision at diagnosis, the delay in surgical treatment led to tumour overgrowth with consequent need for enucleation. The most important prognostic feature is extraocular extension, which carries a risk of local recurrence, eventually resulting in intracranial extension and/or lymphatic spread.


Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms , Ciliary Body/pathology , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive , Brain Neoplasms/complications , Brain Neoplasms/congenital , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/complications , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/congenital , Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial/pathology , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/complications , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/congenital , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
15.
Am J Ophthalmol ; 147(4): 725-735.e1, 2009 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19181302

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects of preservative-free and preservative-containing antiglaucoma eye drops on the tear secretion and ocular surface. DESIGN: Comparative retrospective study. METHODS: A total of 84 patients with bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension divided into 5 groups according to type of topical hypotensive therapy and 20 healthy age-matched volunteers were studied. Clinical tests (corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test, and lachrymal film break-up time), and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed in all patients. RESULTS: A significant reduction of the scores was found between groups on topical hypotensive therapy and the control group in all clinical parameters studied (P < .05). In particular, the clinical scores were significantly lower in the preservative medication groups than in the preservative-free group (P < .05). The density of superficial epithelial cells was reduced in all glaucomatous patients, except for the preservative-free group (P > .05), with respect to control subjects (P < .001). On the contrary, the density of basal epithelial cells of glaucomatous preservative therapy groups was higher than control and preservative-free groups (P < .05). Stromal keratocyte activation and the number of beads were higher in all glaucoma preservative groups (P < .05). The number of sub-basal nerves was lower in all glaucoma groups than in the control group (P < .05) and tortuosity was significantly higher in glaucoma than control groups (P < .05). Reflectivity of fibers did not show any significant difference between the 6 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Glaucomatous patients with chronic treatment show ocular surface alterations. The development of nontoxic antiglaucoma treatment may reduce damage to the ocular surface and improve the compliance and the adherence in the medical therapy.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Cornea/innervation , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Ophthalmic Nerve/drug effects , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/administration & dosage , Administration, Topical , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Benzalkonium Compounds/administration & dosage , Cell Count , Drug Combinations , Epithelium, Corneal/drug effects , Epithelium, Corneal/pathology , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Latanoprost , Male , Microscopy, Confocal , Middle Aged , Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy , Ophthalmic Nerve/pathology , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/adverse effects , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Timolol/administration & dosage
16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19205496

ABSTRACT

The clinical and ultrasound biomicroscopic features of two cases of iris melanocytoma are evaluated. On ultrasound biomicroscopy examination, iris melanocytoma appears as a highly reflective nodular mass with a smooth or irregular surface and sharp and well-defined edges. Ultrasound biomicroscopy also allows clear visualization and measurement of the tumors. These findings were compared with clinical and histopathologic findings.


Subject(s)
Iris Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Microscopy, Acoustic , Nevus, Pigmented/diagnostic imaging , Child , Female , Gonioscopy , Humans , Iridectomy , Iris Neoplasms/pathology , Iris Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Nevus, Pigmented/pathology , Nevus, Pigmented/surgery , Visual Acuity
17.
J Ophthalmol ; 2009: 617891, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20339458

ABSTRACT

Purpose. To report a patient who experienced visual field loss progression after vitrectomy for an idiopathic stage II macular hole. Methods. Case report. A 68-year-old woman, with no history of glaucoma or any neuroophthalmological diseases, underwent a vitrectomy for a macular hole. Results. The patient showed macular hole closure and a resulting central visual acuity of 20/20. However, two months after surgery, she developed an inferotemporal visual field defect. Moreover, seven months after surgery, the patient noticed an enlargement of the temporal blind area: a nearly complete temporal defect was confirmed on visual field testing. Conclusions. Although the beneficial results of successfully treated macular holes are unquestionable, this report raises the possibility that visual field defects following macular hole surgery may be progressive.

18.
J Refract Surg ; 24(7): 702-6, 2008 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18811113

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate aberrometric outcomes in eyes with posterior capsule opacification after 2.5-mm Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy compared to pseudophakic eyes without posterior capsule opacification. METHODS: Photographic image analysis of posterior capsule opacification was performed on 36 eyes that showed advanced posterior capsule opacification (case group) and on 36 eyes which showed absence of posterior capsule opacification (control group). Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and wavefront analysis were performed in the control group and in the case group after 2.5-mm capsulotomy. RESULTS: Mean BSCVA in the case group after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment (P < .05) and similar to the BSCVA in the control group (P > .1). Aberrometric analysis was performed on the control group, but light scattering prevented the analysis in posterior capsule opacification before capsulotomy, which was then performed after the intervention in 18 (50%) eyes. Mean total high order aberrations and 3rd order aberrations were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P < .05). Fourth and 5th order aberration values were similar between the case and control groups (P > .06). CONCLUSIONS: Our wavefront results can detect a deterioration of visual quality in patients that underwent a 2.5-mm Nd:YAG capsulotomy compared to pseudophakic patients not affected by posterior capsule opacification. This difference cannot be detected by standard visual acuity examination. Further study is needed to clarify whether our high order aberration findings were related to small, 2.5-mm capsulotomies and whether aberrometry may be indicative for mild to moderate posterior capsule opacification.


Subject(s)
Cataract/etiology , Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/physiopathology , Postoperative Complications , Pseudophakia/physiopathology , Vision Disorders/physiopathology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Capsulorhexis , Corneal Topography , Female , Humans , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/pathology , Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Male , Middle Aged , Phacoemulsification , Prospective Studies , Visual Acuity/physiology
19.
New Microbiol ; 31(2): 291-4, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18623997

ABSTRACT

The study aims to identify bacteria causing conjunctivitis in a central Italian area and to analyze chemosusceptibility. From 2005 to 2006, 91 conjunctival swabs were collected from acute conjunctivitis cases and screened for common bacteria and fungi. Susceptibility tests were performed on isolates. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae amounted to 86.2%. Overall, 100% of strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol and 96.6% to quinolones. Conversely, 20.7% of isolates were tetracycline-resistant and, even if all Gram negative isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, the most frequently isolated pneumococci are constitutively resistant. The study provides support for a rational choice of empiric therapy.


Subject(s)
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Haemophilus influenzae/drug effects , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Italy , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
20.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 34(7): 1213-6, 2008 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18571092

ABSTRACT

A 48-year-old man presented with hyphema, iridocyclitis, iridophacodonesis, and maculopathy after a contusive trauma. Ultrasound biomicroscopy identified a 90-degree cyclodialysis cleft with severe damage of the zonular fibers. Echographic B-scan examination revealed intravitreal hemorrhage and a 360-degree choroidal detachment. One month later, phacoemulsification was performed and a single-piece poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens was inserted into the ciliary sulcus, with the haptic rotated toward the cyclodialysis cleft area. Postoperatively, the visual acuity improved and the intraocular pressure returned to normal. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed closure of the cleft by reattachment of the ciliary body to the scleral spur. Optical coherence tomography revealed complete resolution of the macular and choroidal folds. Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful method for appropriate management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft. In cases of small cyclodialysis clefts, with the surgical method we describe, the lens haptics apply directional force toward the sclera, fostering adherence of the ciliary body fibers.


Subject(s)
Ciliary Body/injuries , Eye Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Eye Injuries/surgery , Ligaments/injuries , Choroid Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Chronic Disease , Ciliary Body/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Hyphema/diagnosis , Iridocyclitis/diagnosis , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Ligaments/diagnostic imaging , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic , Middle Aged , Muscle, Smooth/diagnostic imaging , Muscle, Smooth/injuries , Ocular Hypotension/diagnosis , Phacoemulsification , Vitreous Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging
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