Subject(s)
Deficiency Diseases/prevention & control , Dietary Supplements/supply & distribution , Iodine , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Deficiency Diseases/epidemiology , Dominican Republic/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Iodine/administration & dosage , Iodine/deficiency , Iodine/urine , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Fifty children ages 4-10 yr with type 1 diabetes mellitus volunteered to participate in a study to evaluate and compare a new needle-free device developed for growth hormone delivery. Children answered descriptive questions related to nervousness and worry, hurt or pain, redness or bleeding, and stinging and wetness. Choices for answers for each of these five questions were none, a little, or a lot. None or a little was also combined to give a minimal category. Children also answered four questions that compared the needle-free device to their morning insulin needle injection in reference to ease of use, pain, nervousness, and overall preference. Half the children had single comfort rings inserted to increase the injection pressure. Results indicated no difference in question responses with or without pressure rings. Pain (92%), erythema (96%), worry (90%), stinging (86%) and wetness (96%) were minimal and significant (0.001 > p < 0.03) following all questions. Results of the comparative questionnaire indicated that the device was easier (p < 0.03) to use than needles and significantly preferred (p < 0.001) in 74% of children under age 10.
Subject(s)
Human Growth Hormone/administration & dosage , Patient Satisfaction , Anxiety , Child , Child, Preschool , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Erythema , Humans , Insulin/administration & dosage , Needles , Pain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The disorders of sexual differentiation and maturation are a fascinating study in physiology. The interaction of chromosomes, regulation of transcription, as well as hormone production and action are far from being completely understood. Aberrations anywhere along these systems can cause abnormal sexual development. It is important for the practicing obstetrician and gynecologist to be cognizant of these conditions and include them in differential diagnoses so that removal of dysgenetic gonads is not delayed, inappropriate sexual assignment is not announced, and the treatment of TS or other sexually immature girls is not handled hastily.
Subject(s)
Disorders of Sex Development/diagnosis , Puberty, Delayed/diagnosis , Puberty, Precocious/diagnosis , Puberty/physiology , Sex Characteristics , Sex Differentiation , Adolescent , Algorithms , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Disorders of Sex Development/genetics , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Puberty, Delayed/therapy , Sex Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis , Sex Chromosome Aberrations/geneticsABSTRACT
Fish oils exert important biological effects on several pathways predisposing to atherosclerosis. Epidemiological studies provided the initial evidence that omega-3 fatty acids may be the principal factor in fish oils responsible for these effects and have led to several short-term clinical trials in which fish-oil concentrates have been administered to various populations at risk for coronary heart disease, including patients with diabetes mellitus. omega-3 Fatty acids reduce serum lipids and lipoproteins, impair platelet aggregation, increase cell membrane fluidity, and lower blood pressure in humans. In this review, we highlight these and other potentially antiatherogenic properties of marine lipids in diabetic subjects.
