Les cancers du sein chez l'homme a Pointe-Noire

Le cancer du sein est rare chez l'homme. En 30 mois d'activites (1er avril 2006-30 septembre 2008); nous avons recu 4 hommes atteints de cancer du sein. L'age moyen des patients a ete de 53;2 ans (extremes : 37 et 75 ans). La presence d'un nodule ou d'une ulceration mammaire ont ete les motifs de consultations. Le stade avance d'extension auxquels se sont presentes les malades a ete traduite par des nodules permeation; des metastases pulmonaires et osseuses. Les therapeutiques ont comporte la chimiotherapie pour tous. Un patient a en plus beneficie de la chirurgie et la radiotherapie. Apres 30 mois; deux malades sont vivants et les deux autres sont perdus de vue

[Intraductal mucinous tumor of the pancreas: report of a clinical case]. / Tumore intraduttale pancreatico mucinoso: a proposito di un caso clinico.

A 49-year-old diabetic patient with abdominal pain was found at ultrasonography and computed tomography to have a cystic mass in the head of the pancreas with dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. The head of the pancreas and the duodenum were removed surgically. Examination of the operative specimen showed chronic pancreatitis, dilatation of the main pancreatic duct, and impacted mucus in the secondary ducts with villous proliferation of the ductal epithelium, thus allowing a diagnosis of intraductal adenomatosis. There was no evidence of malignancy. The resection margin was involved, and consequently the remainder of the pancreas was removed six months after the initial surgical procedure. A review of the literature showed that intraductal adenomatosis tends to spread and carries a high risk of malignant transformation. Surgery is required because of the risk of pancreatic duct obstruction and pancreatic cancer. Intraductal papillary tumour of the pancreas shares many characteristic with other adenomatous proliferation of the gastrointestinal tract (colorectal villous adenoma, bile duct adenomatosis) including the presence of villous structures with increased mucus production, a tendency to spread massively, and a high risk of malignant transformation.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the northeastern suburbs of Paris: 141 cases.

Background: Big cities were particularly affected by tuberculosis in the 1990s. Methods: We studied 141 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients not infected by HIV in the northeastern suburbs of Paris. Results: A total of 84 men and 57 women were included in the study. Their average age at diagnosis was 42.2 years. Some 73.6% of the patients were foreign-born. A total of 182 sites were identified in 141 patients. There was an association with pulmonary tuberculosis in 38 cases. The sites were: lymph node (48.9%), pleural (25.5%), skeletal (22.7%), genitourinary (5.7%), and meninges (5%). Unfavorable social conditions were frequently observed. The average duration of treatment was 10 months. Twenty-four adverse drug effects were noted. Sixty-eight strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated. Five cases of primary resistance to at least one antituberculous drug and only one case of multidrug resistance were observed. Some 95.7% of the 93 patients who were not lost to follow up were cured. Conclusion: Independently of HIV infection, extrapulmonary tuberculosis is still present, particularly in the suburbs of big cities, where social conditions are poor. The significant number of patients lost to follow-up demands that measures be adapted for the therapeutic management of these patients.

Lymph node tuberculosis in the suburbs of Paris: 59 cases in adults not infected by the human immunodeficiency virus.

We report 59 cases of lymph node tuberculosis in adults not infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), observed over a period of 5 years in the North Eastern suburbs of Paris. There were 31 women and 28 men; 84.7% were aged under 44 years; 69.5% were not French, and 78% had exclusive lymph node tuberculosis. A superficial distribution was found in 52 cases and a deep pattern in 17 cases. Cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathies were the most common (64.4%). General symptoms were present in 63% of cases. The diagnosis was established by fine needle aspiration in 10 cases and by biopsy in 36 cases. Three cases of primary resistance to anti-tuberculosis therapy were described. Lymph node tuberculosis is still present in the Paris region, independently of HIV infection, probably due to poor social conditions.

[Intraductal pancreatic adenomatosis. Apropos of a new case]. / Adénomatose pancréatique intracanalaire, A propos d'une nouvelle observation.

A 49-year-old diabetic patient with abdominal pain was found upon ultrasonography and computed tomography to have a cystic mass in the head of the pancreas with dilation of the main pancreatic duct. The head of the pancreas and duodenum were removed surgically. Examination of the operative specimen showed chronic pancreatitis, dilation of the main pancreatic duct, and impacted mucus in the secondary ducts with villous proliferation of the ductal epithelium, establishing the diagnosis of intraductal adenomatosis. There was no evidence of malignancy. The resection margin was involved, and consequently the remainder of the pancreas was removed six months after the initial surgical procedure. A review of the literature showed that intraductal adenomatosis tends to spread and carries a high risk of malignant transformation. Surgery is required because of the risk of pancreatic duct obstruction and pancreatic cancer. Intraductal adenomatosis of the pancreas shares many characteristics with other adenomatous proliferations of the gastrointestinal tract (colorectal villous adenoma, bile duct adenomatosis), including presence of villous structures with increased mucus production, a tendency to spread massively, and a high risk of malignant transformation.

[Mycobacterium kansasii infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. / Infection à Mycobacterium kansasii chez des patients infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine.

We report a retrospective study of 12 caucasian men infected with HIV who had developed Mycobacterium kansasii infection (Mk). All patients had a low blood lymphocyte CD4 count (1-130, mean 15/mm3) and ten met the diagnostic criteria for AIDS. The 12 patients had pulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, cough) and fever. On chest X-ray, nodular, interstitial or diffuse parenchymal infiltrates, mediastinal and hilar adenopathies were observed. Two patients had pleural effusion, but none had cavitary lung disease. Mk was isolated by culture of sputum (n = 7), blood (n = 3), bronchial biopsy (n = 2) or bone marrow (n = 1). No patient had clinical extra-pulmonary disease. Survival after diagnosis was in average 7 months. Potential for therapeutic response is reviewed and documented.

[Hepatic candidiasis caused by Candida glabrata]. / Candidose hépatique à Candida glabrata.

The incidence of disseminated candidiasis is increasing. Liver involvement is frequent but rarely diagnosed. The authors report a case of disseminated candidiasis due to Candida glabrata with liver metastases. The presence of hepatic lesions was diagnosed by CT scan and parasitological examination of liver abscess contents obtained by CT-scan-directed puncture-aspiration. The outcome was favorable with amphotericin-B (cumulative dose of 1 g) and flucytosin. Aspects of hepatic involvement in disseminated candidiasis is discussed, together with the role of Candida glabrata in pathology of this type.

[CD8 hyperlymphocytosis syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection: 5 cases]. / Syndrome d'hyperlymphocytose CD8 et infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine: cinq observations.

A retrospective study on 202 consecutive patients with HIV infection was reviewed. A particular syndrome with blood CD8 lymphocytosis > 1 500/mm3, associated with a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate histologically proved in the tissue of different organs was present in five patients. Clinical findings were variable, depending on the location of visceral infiltrate by activated, polyclonal lymphocytes of CD8 phenotype: interstitial pneumonia (n = 3), parotid gland enlargement with sicca syndrome (n = 2), pseudo-tumoral splenomegaly (n = 1), peripheral neuropathy (n = 1), superficial generalized lymphadenopathy (n = 5). This syndrome occurred early during HIV infection. All patients had a blood CD4 lymphocyte count > 200/mm3. This disorder is a host immune response, sometimes associated with the presence of some HLA antigens: HLA-DR5 or HLA A1 B8 DR3. Whether this immune response is specific or not, whether outcome of HIV infection depends on hyper CD8 lymphocytosis remains to be proved.

[Clinical, biological, histological, ultrastructural and therapeutic studies in one case (author's transl)]. / Une observation de glucagonome. 1--Etude clinique, biologique, histologique, ultrastructurale et thérapeutique.

The diagnosis of glucagonoma was made in a 51 year-old woman who suffered from a polymorphous dermatitis and an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Denutrition was present and there was a previous history of thrombo-embolism. Immunoreactive plasma glucagon was constantly higher than 1 000 pg/ml (N less than 175). Plasma aminoacids were low. After angiographic confirmation, the tumour and part of its hepatic metastases were resected. The dermatitis disappeared soon after. Its recurrence required chemotherapy (successively mithramycin, streptozotocin, DTIC) and good clinical results were obtained. On histological examination, the cutaneous lesions consisted of an epidermal edema, and a bullous intra-epidermic detachment. The pancreatic tumour was of the trabecular type with a very important sclerosis. On electron microscopy, the tumoral cells, some with a syncitial aspect, contained granules of the D1 type. These granules are different from the typical glucagon granules. The clinical and biological features in this case are compared with those of the 41 cases of glucagonoma previously published.

[Platelet functions in diabetes with angiopathy (author's transl)]. / Fonctions plaquettaires des diabétiques ayant une angiopathie.

Platelet functions studied in 163 unselected diabetics compared with 163 controls had the following characteristics: hyperagregation induced by ADP (1.2 muM and 0.6 muM), delayed platelet disagregation (ADP: 0.6 muM), normal agregation in the presence of collagen and thrombin. Platelet hyperagregation induced by ADP was marked in both sexes in cases of retinopathy and in women after the age of 50. By contrast, no correlation was demonstrated between the degree of hyperagregation and age, weight, the duration of diabetes, blood glucose control, lipid profile, vascular complications other than retinopathy and the nature of treatment.

[The provoked-hyperglycemia test. Follow-up after two years of 94 cases with doubtful results (author's transl)]. / Epreuves d'hyperglycémie provoquée douteuses. Leur évolution à moyen terme. A propos de 94 cas.

A retrospective study of 94 patients, who had had doubtful results in the oral provoked-hyperglycemia test, was made after an average period of 23 months. It was found that 26 patients were diabetic, 34 were normal and 34 were still doubtful. The factors which influence the evolution of these cases are the sex, a family history of diabetes (before 60 years of age), and the return to normal weight of obese patients.