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1.
Parasite Immunol ; 43(8): e12840, 2021 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33914935

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The immune response during T spiralis infection is characterized by an increase in eosinophils and mast cells, as well as Th2 cytokine production, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and IL-13, promoting T spiralis expulsion from the host. However, this response damages the host, favouring the parasite survival. In the search for new pharmacological strategies that protect against T spiralis infection, a recent study showed that treatment with resiniferatoxin (RTX) modulates the Th1 cytokines production, reducing muscle parasite burden. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of RTX treatment on the Th2 cytokines production, the number of eosinophils, mast cells and the intestinal expulsion of T spiralis. METHODS: Serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were quantified by ELISA; the number of eosinophils, mast cells and the adult worms of T spiralis in the small intestine was quantified. RESULTS: RTX treatment increased serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13, and it decreases intestinal eosinophilia, however, favours the mastocytosis, promoting T spiralis intestinal expulsion. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that RTX is capable to modulate the Th2 immune response, promoting T spiralis expulsion, which contributes to the defence against T spiralis infection, placing the RTX as a potential immunomodulatory drug.


Subject(s)
Diterpenes , Trichinella spiralis , Trichinellosis , Animals , Cytokines , Immunity , Rats , Th2 Cells , Trichinellosis/drug therapy
2.
Korean J Parasitol ; 55(6): 587-599, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29320813

ABSTRACT

The immune response against Trichinella spiralis at the intestinal level depends on the CD4+ T cells, which can both suppress or promote the inflammatory response through the synthesis of diverse cytokines. During the intestinal phase, the immune response is mixed (Th1/Th2) with the initial predominance of the Th1 response and the subsequent domination of Th2 response, which favor the development of intestinal pathology. In this context, the glucocorticoids (GC) are the pharmacotherapy for the intestinal inflammatory response in trichinellosis. However, its therapeutic use is limited, since studies have shown that treatment with GC suppresses the host immune system, favoring T. spiralis infection. In the search for novel pharmacological strategies that inhibit the Th1 immune response (proinflammatory) and assist the host against T. spiralis infection, recent studies showed that resiniferatoxin (RTX) had anti-inflammatory activity, which decreased the serum levels of IL-12, INF-γ, IL-1ß, TNF-α, NO, and PGE2, as well the number of eosinophils in the blood, associated with decreased intestinal pathology and muscle parasite burden. These researches demonstrate that RTX is capable to inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines, contributing to the defense against T. spiralis infection, which places it as a new potential drug modulator of the immune response.


Subject(s)
Diterpenes/pharmacology , Diterpenes/therapeutic use , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology , Intestines/immunology , Trichinellosis/drug therapy , Trichinellosis/immunology , Animals , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Cytokines/metabolism , Eosinophils/immunology , Humans , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Leukocyte Count , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunology , Trichinella spiralis/immunology
3.
Acta méd. peru ; 28(4): 211-216, oct.-dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-645844

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la infección de Trichinella spiralis en cerdos gonadectomizados. Material y método: El presente trabajo se realizó utilizando 9 cerdos de la raza York de 4 meses de edad divididos en tres grupos: 3 cerdos control sanos, 3 cerdos infectados con Trichinella spiralis y 3 cerdos gonadectomizados y posteriormente infectados con Trichinella spiralis, todos los animales fueron sangrados pretratamiento y postratamiento para detección de anticuepos anti T. spiralis por las técnicas inmunologicas, Wester Blot y Inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Los animales fueron sacrificados a las 6 semanas de infección por Trichinella spiralis, se obtuvo tejido para las técnicas directas de compresión en placa y digestión artificial para evaluación de carga parasitaria. Resultados: en los cerdos gonadectomizados e infectados se presentó un ataque agudo de Trichinellosis, la carga parasitaria fue mayor estadísticamente significativa en relación a los cerdos infectados con P < 0.01), por el método de ANOVA y sin gonadectomizar, las técnicas inmunológicas fueron positivas en ambos grupos infectados y gonadectomizados. Conclusión: El diagnóstico oportuno de Trichinella spiralis mediante la evaluación directa y aletoria en camadas de cerdos a través de la observación de larva infectante en tejido cerebral, detección de anticuerpos anti - T. spiralis. por inmunofluorecescia indirecta e inmunoelectrotransferencia resultan eficaces y eficientes para hacer un diagnóstico oportuno en el animal para consumo humano.


Objective: To assess the prevalence of Trichinella spiralis in gonadectomized pigs. Material and methods: The study was performed using 9 four-month old pigs, York race, which were divided in three groups: 3 healthy control animals, 3 pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis, and 3 gonadectomized animals that later were infected with T. spiralis. Blood samples were taken from every animal before and after therapy for the detection of anti-T. spiralis antibodies using Western Blot and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. All animals were killed after 6 weeks of being infected with T. spiralis, and tissue samples were obtained for performing assessments using direct methods, such as plate compression and artificial digestion in order to look for the parasite load. Results: Gonadectomized and infected pigs developed an acute presentation of trichinellosis, their parasite load was statistically higher compared to infected non-gonadectomized pigs using ANOVA (P<0.01), and immune methods yielded positive results in both infected groups of animals. Conclusion: The timely diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis in pigs using direct and random assessments by observing the presence of infective worms in brain tissue, together with the detection of anti-T. spiralis antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectrotransference are both efficacious and efficient for the early diagnosis of this infection in animals whose meat is about to be consumed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine Diseases , Swine , Trichinella spiralis , Trichinellosis/therapy , Zoonoses
4.
Acta biol. colomb ; 14(1): 203-210, abr. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634906

ABSTRACT

Trichinella spiralis se encuentra principalmente en el hombre, rata, cerdo, perro; puede infectar a cualquier carnívoro u omnívoro. Cuando la carne o sus derivados están contaminados con larvas infectantes (LI) de T. spiralis y son ingeridas éstas pasan al estómago, donde sus cápsulas son disueltas por acción de los jugos gástricos, las larvas son liberadas en pocas horas, después pasan a la porción proximal del intestino delgado, donde se lleva a cabo su desarrollo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la fase intestinal de T. spiralis en un modelo murino. Un lote de 45 ratas Long Evans, se infectaron con aproximadamente 500 LI, y fueron sacrificadas tres diarias por 15 días. Se tomó un segmento de duodeno, yeyuno e íleon y se fijaron en formol al 10% para posteriormente ser procesados en parafina y teñido con hematoxilina-eosina. El resto del intestino delgado fue fraccionado, se incubó a 37 °C por dos horas y el sobrenadante se observó al microscopio de luz. Se encontró que el implante se lleva a cabo a nivel de yeyuno e íleon, que las hembras adultas dan origen aproximadamente 60-80 larvas recién nacidas (LRN), parto vivíparo en un tercio distal y subse-cuentemente son destruidas. Los machos adultos tienen espermatozoides no ciliados.


Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic disease in man, rat, pig, but can infect any carnivorous or omnivorous. When the meat or their derivates are contaminated with infective larvae (il) of T. spiralis pass to the stomach, their capsules are dissolved by the stomach juice, the larvaes are liberated in few hours, and then they pass to the near portion of the slim intestine in which they develop. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the intestine phase of T. spiralis in a murine model. Fourtyfive Long Evans rats were infected with 500 li approximately, then 3 rats were sacrificed everyday over a period of 15 days. A portion of duodenum, jejune and ileum were fixed in formaldehyde 10% and subsequently embeded in paraffin and dyed with hematoxilin-eosina. The rest of the slim intestine was cut and fractionated and incubated at 37 °c for 2 hours; the supernadant was observed unde light microscopy. We observed that the implant of larvae was in the jejune and ileum. The adult females gave origin to approximately 6080 newborn larvaes (LRN) and subsequently were destroyed. The adult male had non-ciliated sperm.

5.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 26(2): 110-114, 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-516925

ABSTRACT

La Trichinellosis es una zoonosis endémica, cosmopolita, sus huéspedes son, ratas, cerdo y otros mamíferos entre ellos el hombre, la presencia de Trichinellosis se debe a la ingestión de carne de cerdo insuficientemente cocinada, afecta a países con bajos recursos económicos. Se han caracterizado Inmunógenos, siendo el inmunodominante el de 45 kDa, efectivo contra T. spiralis, desafortunadamente no ha cristalizado en una vacuna. Se han descrito efectos de desnutrición (DN) sobre órganos linfáticos. Los mecanismos de defensa del huésped son alterados con DN proteico-calórico (DPC). Evaluar el efecto protector de 2 inmunógenos de T. spiralis en ratas Long Evans con modificación Nutricional e infectado con T. spiralis. 80 ratas Long Evans de 30 días de edad, divididas en 2 grupos: 40 Nut con 24 de proteína y 40 DN con 12 de proteína de los cuales se subdividieron en 8 sub grupos con tratamiento: a) 10 animales control b)10 animales infectados con T. spiralis, c) 10 animales inmunizados con antígeno soluble total (AST), d) 10 animales inmunizados con inmunógeno de 45 kDa de T. spiralis (esquema de inmunización una aplicación cada semana por 4 ocasiones), retados a la 1era semana de la culminación de inmunización, sacrificadas a la 6 sexta semana post-infección. Parámetros a evaluar: Determinación de la carga parasitaria mediante la Digestión Artificial (D/A), Determinación de las características morfológicas de la célula nodriza por la técnica de compresión de tejidos, detección de la respuesta inmune por WB. Con la técnica de D/A, se obtuvieron en los diferentes tratamientos, de las ratas Nut, DN, Inmunizadas e Infectadas. Mostró diferencia significativa en la cantidad de Ll que se presentaron en 30gr de músculos estriado, los grupos controles de ratas Nut y DN sin infección, ausencia de Ll, y en los grupos de ratas Nut infectadas, se recolectaron 200 µl de Ll, para el grupo de DN infectado se recolecto 400 µl de Ll, en el grupo de Nut inmunizadas con AST.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Antigens, Helminth/analysis , Trichinella spiralis/immunology , Trichinellosis/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Rats, Long-Evans , Trichinellosis/parasitology
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