ABSTRACT
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in men and the second leading cause in women worldwide. The use of low-dose computed tomography in early diagnosis was shown to reduce mortality by 20% with a median follow-up time of 6.5 years. In order to increase profitability and reduce radiation risks and costs, exhaled biomarkers could serve to help establish narrower inclusion criteria. The aim of this study was to identify new, well-founded volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath which distinguish LC patients from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and healthy subjects. There were 210 subjects enrolled and divided into three groups: control group (n = 89), COPD group (n = 40 stable COPD patients) and LC group (n = 81 with histological confirmation). Exhaled breath samples were collected using BioVOC® breath sampler devices. The analytical technique used was thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds studied were hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, propanoic and nonanoic acids. Nonanoic acid showed statistically significant differences between the LC group and the other groups. It is 2.5 times and almost 9 times more likely to be found in the LC group than in the control group or COPD group, respectively. It is independent of histology but depends on tumour stage.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/analysis , Breath Tests/methods , Exhalation , Fatty Acids/analysis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers/analysis , Case-Control Studies , Demography , Female , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Limit of Detection , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysisABSTRACT
Hipótesis: El tabaco repercute sobre el perfil lipídico de los fumadores. Las campañas contra el hábito de fumar han propiciado una caída en su consumo. Objetivos: Se trata de estudiar los cambios en el perfil de lípidos en sangre tras un seguimiento de once años en función de las variaciones en la prevalencia del tabaquismo. Material y métodos: Población de 1.795 varones sanos con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 50 años. Se determinó la prevalencia del hábito tabáquico, colesterol total, c-LDL, c-HDL, triglicéridos e índice de masa corporal (IMC) en los años 1995, 2000 y 2005. Resultados: Las tasas de tabaquismo inicial y final fueron del 36,1 y 19% respectivamente. Tras la caída del consumo de tabaco, los índices de masa corporal inicial y final fueron de 24,8 ± 3,2 y 25,3 ± 3,3 kg/m2, respectivamente, sin encontrarse diferencias significativas entre ambos. El colesterol descendió un 7%. El c-HDL pasó de 46,0 ± 10 a 56,0 ± 14 mg/dl. Los triglicéridos descendieron en un 12%. No hubo diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de c-LDL. Conclusiones: A lo largo de los once años de estudio, se produjo una caída en el consumo de tabaco en esta población superior a la media nacional. Se observó un incremento significativo de c-HDL y un descenso de los triglicéridos y del colesterol total. No se modificaron las cifras de c-LDL (AU)
Hypothesis: Tobacco has a repercussion on the lipid profile of smokers. Anti-smoking campaigns have brought about a fall in tobacco consumption. Objectives: It has been aimed to study the changes in the lipid profile in blood after an 11-year follow-up based on variations in smoking prevalence. Material and methods: A population of 1795 healthy males, aged 30 to 50 years. Prevalence of smoking was determined as well as total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides and body mass index (BMI) for the years 1995, 2000 and 2005. Results: The rates of initial and final smoking habit were 36.1% and 19%, respectively. After the fall in tobacco consumption, the initial and final body mass indexes were 24.8 ± 3.2 and 25.3 ± 3.3 kg/m2, respectively, without finding significant differences between them. Cholesterol decreased by 7%. HDL-c went from 46.0 ± 10 to 56.0 ± 14 mg/dl. Triglycerides decreased by 12%. There were no significant differences in the LDL-c concentrations. Conclusions: During the 11 years of the study, there was a greater decrease in the consumption of tobacco in this population than in the national mean. A significant increase was observed of HDL-c and decrease of triglycerides and total cholesterol. The LDL-c le vels were not modified (AU)
