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1.
J Cardiovasc Thorac Res ; 13(3): 216-221, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34630969

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Considering the role of inflammation in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we aimed to investigate the association of presentation neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with complexity of coronary artery lesions determined by SYNTAX score in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods: From March 2018 to March 2019, we recruited 202 consecutive patients, who were hospitalized for NSTE-ACS and had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention in our hospital. The association of presentation NLR with SYNTAX score was determined in univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Higher NLR was significantly associated with higher SYNTAX score (beta = 0.162, P = 0.021). In addition, older age, having hypertension, higher TIMI score, and lower ejection fraction on echocardiographic examination were significantly associated with higher SYNTAX score. TIMI score had the largest beta coefficient among the studied variables (TIMI score beta = 0.302, P < 0.001). In two separate multivariate linear regression models, we assessed the unique contribution of NLR in predicting SYNTAX score in patients with NSTE-ACS. In the first model, NLR was significantly contributed to predicting SYNTAX score after adjustment for age, sex, and hypertension as covariates available on patient presentation (beta = 0.142, P = 0.040). In the second model, NLR was not an independent predictor of SYNTAX score after adjustment for TIMI score (beta = 0.121, P = 0.076). Conclusion: In NSTE-ACS, presentation NLR is associated with SYNTAX score. However, NLR does not contribute significantly to the prediction of SYNTAX score after adjustment for TIMI score. TIMI risk score might be a better predictor of the SYNTAX score in comparison to NLR.

2.
Int J Clin Pract ; 75(6): e14124, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33650197

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the drug selection in hypertension (HTN) management in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to compare the effects of losartan and amlodipine in patients with primary HTN and COVID-19. METHODS: In this randomised clinical trial, hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and primary HTN were enrolled in the study. One arm received losartan, 25 mg, twice a day and the other arm received amlodipine, 5 mg per day for 2 weeks. The main outcomes were compare 30-day mortality rate and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The mean age of patients treated with losartan (N = 41) and amlodipine (N = 39) was 67.3 ± 14.8 and 60.1 ± 17.3 years, respectively (P value = .068). The length of hospital stay in losartan and amlodipine groups was 4.57 ± 2.59 and 7.30 ± 8.70 days, respectively (P value = .085). Also, the length of ICU admission in losartan and amlodipine group was 7.13 ± 5.99 and 7.15 ± 9.95 days, respectively (P value = .994). The 30-day mortality was two and five patients in losartan and amlodipine groups, respectively (P value = .241). CONCLUSIONS: There was no priority in losartan or amlodipine administration in COVID-19 patients with primary HTN in decreasing mortality rate, hospital and ICU length stay. Further studies need to clarify the first-line anti-HTN medications in COVID-19.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hypertension , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Amlodipine/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure , Double-Blind Method , Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy , Losartan/pharmacology , Losartan/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , SARS-CoV-2 , Treatment Outcome
3.
Life Sci ; 253: 117720, 2020 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32360620

ABSTRACT

Despite considerable progressions, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still one of the major causes of mortality around the world, indicates an important and unmet clinical need. Recently, extensive studies have been performed on the role of inflammatory factors as either a major or surrogate factor in the pathophysiology of CVD. Epidemiological observations suggest the theory of the role of inflammatory mediators in the development of cardiovascular events. This may support the idea that targeted anti-inflammatory therapies, on the background of traditional validated medical therapies, can play a significant role in prevention and even reduction of cardiovascular disorders. Many randomized controlled trials have shown that drugs commonly useful for primary and secondary prevention of CVD have an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Further, many anti-inflammatory drugs are being examined because of their potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. In this study, we review the process of inflammation in the development of cardiovascular events, both in vivo and clinical evidence in immunotherapy for CVD.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Inflammation/drug therapy , Animals , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Inflammation/physiopathology , Primary Prevention , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Secondary Prevention
4.
J Vector Borne Dis ; 57(2): 121-127, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34290156

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is still a public health threat in many rural areas of Iran. It causes considerable morbidity among a huge number of people in the endemic areas. Khuzestan is considered as a CL focus in Iran and recently several cases have been reported from Shush County. The aim of the current study was to determine different aspects of CL epidemiology in this County. METHODS: The study was conducted in four villages in the rural district of Shush County. In order to survey the scar and acute rate of the disease, 100 inhabitants were questioned in each village. In addition, to determine the reservoir host and vector of the disease, rodents were captured using Sherman traps, and sandflies were collected from around the rodent burrows using sticky paper traps. RESULTS: The scar and acute lesion rates were reported as 5.26 and 0.57% among inhabitants, respectively. Fifty-four rodents including Tatera indica (55.5%), Nesokia indica (33.3%), Mus musculus (9.3%) and Rattus norvegicus (1.9%) were captured and identified. Nested PCR showed 3 out of 54 rodents infected with Leishmania major. In total, 1122 sandflies were collected, and Leishmania major detected in Phlebotomus papatasi (4.35%), Sergentomyia dentata (23%), and Sergentomyia clydei (10%). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major prevailed in this area. The common and the main vector was Ph. papatasi and, T. indica seems to be the main while N. indica as a secondary reservoir host of the disease in this area.


Subject(s)
Insect Vectors/parasitology , Leishmania major/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Psychodidae/parasitology , Animals , Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Female , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Leishmania major/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology , Male , Mice , Muridae , Phlebotomus/parasitology , Public Health , Rats , Zoonoses
5.
Anal Biochem ; 548: 53-59, 2018 05 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29486202

ABSTRACT

In this work, a label-free electrochemical immunosensor was constructed on the base of poly p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and GR nanocomposite (PPD-GR). Screen-printed electrodes modified with PPD-GR nanocomposite and applied to advance enzyme-free and label free electrochemical immunosensor for detection of protein biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE). It was found that the PPD-GR nanocomposite exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity towards ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation as analytical signal based on EC' mechanism. Due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of PPD-GR nanocomposite, determination of NSE antigen was based on its obstruction to the electrocatalytic oxidation of AA after binding to the surface of electrode through interaction with the anti-NSE. The proposed immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range of 1.0-1000 ng mL-1, with a low detection limit of 0.3 ng mL-1. Furthermore, the proposed immunosensor were successfully used for the determination of NSE antigen in human serum samples.


Subject(s)
Electrochemical Techniques/methods , Graphite/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Phenylenediamines/chemistry , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/analysis , Ascorbic Acid/chemistry , Humans , Immunoassay/methods , Oxidation-Reduction , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism
6.
J Water Health ; 15(5): 766-774, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29040079

ABSTRACT

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have emerged as an important cause of opportunistic nosocomial infections. NTM has frequently been isolated from hospital water distribution systems. The aim of this study was to survey the risk of NTM infections and determine the prevalence of NTM species in the hospital water distribution systems in Tabriz, Iran. One hundred and twenty samples of water from different sources of Tabriz hospitals were collected. The samples were filtered through 0.45-µm pore size membranes and decontaminated with 0.01% cetylpyridinium chloride. The sediment was inoculated onto Lowenstein-Jensen medium and incubated for 8 weeks. For identification to the species level, partial sequence analysis of the hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes were used. NTM were detected in 76 (63.3%) of 120 samples. Potentially pathogenic mycobacteria and saprophytic mycobacteria were isolated. Mycobacterium gordonae was the only single species that was present in all types of water. The prevalence of NTM in Tabriz hospitals' water compared with many investigations on hospital waters was high. This indicates that the immunocompromised patients and transplant recipients are at risk of contamination which necessitates considering decontamination of water sources to prevent such potential hazards.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection/epidemiology , Hospitals , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification , Wastewater/microbiology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Chaperonin 60/genetics , Cross Infection/microbiology , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/classification , Prevalence , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA
7.
Chemosphere ; 84(3): 279-88, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21596419

ABSTRACT

A study was performed to assess exposure of the Belgian population to HBCD diastereoisomers. Measurements of HBCD were performed by UPLC-MS/MS, on 45 composite samples from 5 major food groups: dairy (products), meat (products), eggs, fish (products) and a group of "other" products. The medium bound estimated average daily intake (EDI) of ΣHBCD in the Belgian population was 0.99 ng kg(-1)bw d(-1). The diastereoisomer contribution to the mean EDI showed a predominance of γ-HBCD at 67%, followed by α-HBCD at 25% and 8% for ß-HBCD. These results are consistent with the pattern found in the two food groups contributing the most to the EDI: meat (products) and the group of "other" products. Anyway, it has to be noted that diastereomeric distribution of HBCD can change due to bioisomerisation in biological material. Levels of HBCD diastereoisomers found in Belgian food samples of animal origin were low in comparison with those found in other EU countries and the resulting EDI was substantially below the proposed thresholds.


Subject(s)
Diet/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Flame Retardants/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Brominated/analysis , Adult , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Female , Food Analysis , Humans , Male , Stereoisomerism
8.
Differentiation ; 75(3): 256-67, 2007 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17359301

ABSTRACT

Vertebrate Hox genes act as developmental architects by patterning embryonic structures like axial skeletal elements, limbs, brainstem territories, or neural crest derivatives. While active during the patterning steps of development, these genes turn out to be down-regulated in specific differentiation programs like that leading to chondrogenesis. To investigate why chondrocyte differentiation is correlated to the silencing of a Hox gene, we generated transgenic mice allowing Cre-mediated conditional misexpression of Hoxa2 and induced this gene in Collagen 2 alpha 1-expressing cells committed to enter chondrogenesis. Persistent Hoxa2 expression in chondrogenic cells resulted in overall chondrodysplasia with delayed cartilage hypertrophy, mineralization, and ossification but without proliferation defects. The absence of skeletal patterning anomaly and the regular migration of precursor cells indicated that the condensation step of chondrogenesis was normal. In contrast, closer examination at the differentiation step showed severely impaired chondrocyte differentiation. In addition, this inhibition affected structures independently of their embryonic origin. In conclusion, for the first time here, by a cell-type specific misexpression, we precisely uncoupled the patterning function of Hoxa2 from its involvement in regulating differentiation programs per se and demonstrate that Hoxa2 displays an anti-chondrogenic activity that is distinct from its patterning function.


Subject(s)
Cartilage/embryology , Chondrocytes/metabolism , Chondrogenesis , Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism , Animals , Body Patterning/genetics , Cartilage/physiology , Cell Differentiation/genetics , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Chondrocytes/cytology , Chondrogenesis/genetics , Collagen Type II/genetics , Collagen Type II/metabolism , Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Immunohistochemistry , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Osteogenesis
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