[Maternal and fetal outcomes of unattended pregnancies in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo]. / Issues materno-fœtales des grossesses non suivies à Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo.

INTRODUCTION: Unattended pregnancies are characterized by significant morbidity maternal and morbidity and mortality fetal. This study aims to determine the frequency of unattended pregnancies, to describe the socio-demographic profile and to assess the maternal and fetal outcomes during childbirth among women who did not attend antenatal care (ANC) in the city of Lubumbashi. METHODS: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of maternal pregnancy from December 2013 to May 2014 in 10 maternity hospitals in Lubumbashi. Women who did not receive ANC were compared to women who had followed them (ANC≥4). Maternal socio-demographic parameters, maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: We found that the frequency of no pregnancy monitoring was 21.23% and the mean number of antenatal visits was 2.6 ± 1.9. An analysis of the relationship between ANC and socio-demographic characteristics of women who were delivered shows that the lack of follow-up was 2.29 times higher for adolescent girls than for adult women (OR=2.29 [1.54-3.41]), 4 times higher for women living alone than for women living in unions (OR=4.00 [2.05-7.79]) and 4.08 times higher for women with low levels of education (illiterate or primary) than among those with a high level of education (OR=4.08 [3.08-5.40]). Compared to those who followed them well, we did not find that women who did not attend ANC had a high risk of obstetric emergency (OR = 1.90 [1.26-2.95]), rupture of membranes fetal admission (OR=1.31 [1.02-1.68]), fetal mal presentation (OR=1.89 [1.03-3.44]), caesarean delivery (OR=1.78 [1.21-2.63]), eclampsia (OR=3.00 [1.09-8.70]), uterine rupture (OR=4.76 [1.00-47.19]) and anemia (OR=2.33 [1.06-5.13]). Rates of preterm birth (OR = 1.93 [1.33-2.80]), post-maturity (OR=1.47 [1.00-2.30]), low birth weight (OR=2.33 [1.56-3.46]), neonatal depression (OR=3.89 [2.52-6.02]), neonatal transfer (OR=1.60 [1.11-2.32]) and perinatal mortality (OR=2.70 [1.59-4.57]) were significantly higher in neonates from women with prenatal consultations than in those with well followed. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the lack of follow-up of ANC is associated with high maternal morbidity and high perinatal morbidity and mortality in our environment.

[Childbirth among primiparous women in Lubumbashi: maternal and perinatal prognosis]. / Accouchement chez la primipare à Lubumbashi: pronostic maternel et périnatal.

INTRODUCTION: Childbirth in primiparous women is associated with many complications and, therefore, primiparous women are considered high risk due to maternal and fetal concerns. This study aims to determine birth rate in primiparous women in our environment, to identify factors associated with delivery by cesarean section and to assess maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality from childbirth in primiparous women living in Lubumbashi. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study of singleton births in 10 referral maternity hospitals in Lubumbashi over the period December 2013-May 2014. Primiparous births were compared to multiparous births. Maternal sociodemographic parameters as well as maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality were analyzed. The odds ratio and its confidence interval were calculated. Threshold significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Primiparity rate was 19.9%. Compared to multiparous births, primiparous births were mainly observed in adolescents (OR=11. 27, (7.98-15.91)), in students (OR = 5.61 (3.33-9.45)) and in women living alone (OR=7.62 (4.36-13.30)). Risk factors associated with delivery by cesarean section in primiparous women included obstetric evacuation (OR = 9.69 (4.75-19.74)), the lack of prenatal monitoring (OR=2.57, (1.32-5.01)), size ≤ 150 cm (OR = 2.42 (1.04-5.65)), uterine height > 34 cm (OR = 2.33 (1.32-4.10)) and malpresentation (OR = 6.37 (2.92-13.87)). With regard to maternal prognosis, we observed that high blood pressure (OR = 1.91 (1.32-2.74)), malpresentation (OR = 1.95 (1.16-3.17)), oxytocin use (OR = 2.03 (1.64-2.52)), cesarean section (OR = 2.04 (1.47-2.83)), episiotomy (OR=11.89 (8.61-16.43)) and eclampsia (OR = 4.21 (1.55-11.44)) were significantly associated with primiparity. The rates of low 5th minute Apgar score (OR = 1.55 (1.03-2.32)) and of deaths occurred during early neonatal period (OR=1.80 (1.08-2.98)) were significantly higher in primiparous women than in multiparous women. CONCLUSION: This study shows that primiparous birth is a problem in Lubumbashi. Hence improvement in mother-child care during primiparous childbirth includes the development of protocols for adequate management of childbirths.