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1.
Cell Mol Neurobiol ; 43(1): 367-380, 2023 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35061107

ABSTRACT

The pilocarpine-induced (PILO) model has helped elucidate the electrophysiological and molecular aspects related to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. It has been suggested that the extensive cell death and edema observed in the brains of these animals could be induced by increased inflammatory responses, such as the rapid release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (Il1b). In this study, we investigate the role of endogenous Il1b in the acute phase of the PILO model. Our aim is twofold. First, we want to determine whether it is feasible to silence Il1b in the central nervous system using a non-invasive procedure. Second, we aim to investigate the effect of silencing endogenous Il1b and its antagonist, Il1rn.We used RNA interference applied non-invasively to knockdown Il1b and its endogenous antagonist Il1rn. We found that knocking down Il1b prior to pilocarpine injection increased the mortality rate of treated animals. Furthermore, we observed that, when exposing the animals to more Il1b by silencing its endogenous antagonist Il1rn, there was a better response to status epilepticus with decreased animal mortality in the acute phase of the PILO model. Thus, we show the feasibility of using a novel, less invasive approach to study genes involved in the inflammatory response in the central nervous system. Furthermore, our results provide suggestive evidence that modulating endogenous Il1b improves animal survival in the acute phase of the PILO model and may have effects that extend into the chronic phase.


Subject(s)
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Epilepsy , Status Epilepticus , Animals , Pilocarpine/adverse effects , Pilocarpine/metabolism , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Epilepsy/chemically induced , Epilepsy/genetics , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/chemically induced , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/genetics , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/metabolism , Status Epilepticus/chemically induced , Status Epilepticus/genetics , Status Epilepticus/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Hippocampus/metabolism
2.
Mamm Genome ; 33(4): 619-628, 2022 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35816191

ABSTRACT

Cis-acting effects of noncoding variants on gene expression and regulatory molecules constitute a significant factor for phenotypic variation in complex traits. To provide new insights into the impacts of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on transcription factors (TFs) and transcription cofactors (TcoF) coding genes, we carried out a multi-omic analysis to identify cis-regulatory effects of SNPs on these genes' expression in muscle and describe their association with feed efficiency-related traits in Nelore cattle. As a result, we identified one SNP, the rs137256008C > T, predicted to impact the EEF1A1 gene expression (ß = 3.02; P-value = 3.51E-03) and the residual feed intake trait (ß = - 3.47; P-value = 0.02). This SNP was predicted to modify transcription factor sites and overlaps with several QTL for feed efficiency traits. In addition, co-expression network analyses showed that animals containing the T allele of the rs137256008 SNP may be triggering changes in the gene network. Therefore, our analyses reinforce and contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying gene expression control of feed efficiency traits in bovines. The cis-regulatory SNP can be used as biomarker for feed efficiency in Nelore cattle.


Subject(s)
Eating , Quantitative Trait Loci , Cattle/genetics , Animals , Eating/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Phenotype , Muscles , Gene Expression , Animal Feed
3.
Anim Biotechnol ; 32(3): 300-309, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31702438

ABSTRACT

The objective was to investigate gene and protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in Nellore cattle slaughtered at different weights (BW) or degrees of meat tenderness. Ninety animals with initial BW 370 ± 37 kg, 24 months of age, were slaughtered after 95 days on feed. We evaluated shear force (SF), myofibrillar fragmentation index, ribeye area, backfat thickness, marbling, color, and cooking losses. Subsequently, 24 animals were selected and divided into four contrasting groups, in which light (BW = 504.58 ± 32.36 kg) versus heavy animals (BW = 604.83 ± 42.97 kg) and animals with tender (SF = 3.88 ± 0.57 kg) versus tough meat (SF = 7.95 ± 1.04 kg) were compared. The MYH7, MYH2 and MYH1 genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. The MyHC isoforms (MyHC-I, MyHC-IIa, and MyHC-IIx) were quantified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. We found lower expression of MYH2 and MYH1 genes in heavy compared to light animals and a higher amount of MyHC-I isoform in the tough meat group compared to the tender meat group. Protein expression of MyHC-IIa was higher in the tender meat group. A negative correlation was found of this protein and SF (tenderness), suggesting MyHC-IIa as a biomarker of meat quality.


Subject(s)
Cattle/growth & development , Cattle/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation/physiology , Meat/standards , Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics , Animals , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1965-1970, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131550

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to describe the main behaviors of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) expressed in a semi-intensive production system in Brazil. The behavioral activities of two groups of peccaries allocated in two paddocks were assessed, totaling 17 adult animals and eventual pups in different developmental stages. The animals were visually observed using the ad libitum sampling and scan sample methods during the adaptation and experimental phases, respectively. The animals were evaluated in the morning, afternoon, and at night. The behavioral activities observed by ad libitum sampling comprised feeding, pool contact, moving, staying inside the handling area, resting, mud bathing, mutual rubbing, rubbing, aggression, sexual behavior, copulation, foraging, breastfeeding, sleeping, territorial marking, interactions, birthing, gnawing, and other behaviors. All behaviors observed by the ad libitum sampling method were confirmed in the experimental period by scan sample, except for territorial marking and birthing. The effects of time of day were statistically significant (p <0.05) for eating, pool contact, movement, staying inside the handling area, resting, mud bathing and sleeping. These results contribute to the understanding of instinctive animal habits and to the development of nutritional, environmental and health management protocols that meet the requirements of peccaries.(AU)


Objetivou-se descrever os principais comportamentos que os queixadas (Tayassu pecari) expressam em sistema de produção semi-intensivo no Brasil, bem como suas diferenças de frequências comportamentais em função do período do dia. Foram avaliadas as atividades comportamentais de dois grupos de queixadas alocados em dois piquetes, totalizando 17 animais adultos e eventuais filhotes em diferentes estágios comportamentais. Na fase adaptativa e experimental os animais foram observados visualmente pelos métodos ad libitum e scan sample, respectivamente. Os animais foram avaliados nos períodos da manhã, tarde e noite. As atividades comportamentais observadas pelo método ad libitum foram alimentação, contato com a piscina, movimentação, interior do brete de manejo, descanso, lameando, esfregação mútua, esfregar-se, agressão, comportamento sexual, cópula, fuçando, amamentação, dormindo, marcando território, interações, manilha, parição, roendo e outros comportamentos. Todos os comportamentos observados pelo método ad libitum foram confirmados no período experimental scan sample, exceto para as variáveis marcando território e parição. O efeito do período do dia foi estatisticamente significativo (P<0,05) sobre as frequências dos comportamentos alimentação, contato com a piscina, movimentação, interior do brete de manejo, descanso, lameando e dormindo. Os resultados contribuem para a compreensão dos hábitos instintivos dos animais e, com isso, colaborar com a elaboração de protocolos de manejo nutricional, ambiental e sanitário, buscando-se suprir as necessidades dos queixadas. Futuras pesquisas envolvendo queixadas em cativeiro fomentarão os estudos voltados aos aspectos biológicos, conservacionistas e produtivos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Artiodactyla , Behavior, Animal , Animal Welfare , Brazil , Temporal Distribution , Animals, Wild
5.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 72(4): 341-348, 2015.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-785

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of backfat thickness (BFT) on the meat quality of feedlot-finished Nellore bulls (Bos indicus). Seventy-two animals were feedlot finished for about 100 days. For this study, 24 animals were sampled according to BFT in the longissimus thoracis muscle after slaughter: 12 animals with BFT up to 3.0 mm (class BFT-3) and 12 animals with BFT > 6.0 mm (class BFT-6). Chemical (myofibrillar fragmentation index, intramuscular fat content, and unsaturated and saturated fatty acids) and physical (cold carcass weight, rib eye area, and marbling score) characteristics of the meat were evaluated. Additionally, shear force and sensory characteristics (aroma, flavor, tenderness, chewiness, and juiciness) were analyzed. Marbling score and intramuscular fat content were considered low for the two BFT classes. The mean values of the characteristics studied did not differ (P>0.05) between BFT classes, except for fatty acids, with the observation of higher unsaturated fatty acid levels in the BFT-6 class. There was no difference (P>0.05) in sensory characteristics between BFT classes. The most consistent relationship was observed between the myofibrillar fragmentation index and tenderness, measured as shear force, in animals with greater BFT (BFT-6 class) compared to animals with lower BFT (BFT-3 class), suggesting possible tenderness problems in animals with a leaner carcass. The observation of a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in animals with greater BFT suggests an increase in the sensory perception of meat, especially flavor...(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) na qualidade da carne de bovinos machos Nelore (Bos indicus), inteiros, terminados em confinamento. Setenta e dois animais foram terminados em confinamento por cerca de 100 dias. Para o presente estudo, 24 animais foram amostrados de acordo com a EGS obtida no longissimus thoracis, após o abate: 12 animais com EGS até 3,0 mm (classe EGS-3) e 12 animais com EGS maior que 6,0 mm (classe EGS-6). Foram avaliadas características químicas da carne (índice de fragmentação miofibrilar, conteúdo de lipídeos intramusculares e ácidos graxos insaturados e saturados), e características físicas da carcaça (peso da carcaça resfriada, área de olho de lombo e escore de marmorização). Adicionalmente, foram avaliadas em amostras maturadas por 21 dias, a força de cisalhamento e características sensoriais (aroma, sabor, maciez, mastigabilidade e suculência). Os valores de escore de marmorização e de conteúdo de lipídeos intramusculares foram considerados baixos para ambas as classes de EGS. As médias das características avaliadas não diferiram (P>0,05) entre as classes de EGS, com exceção dos ácidos graxos, que foi superior para o insaturado na classe EGS-6. As características sensoriais não diferiram (P>0,05) entre as classes de EGS. Foi verificado relação mais consistente entre índice de fragmentação miofibrilar e maciez, medida pela força de cisalhamento, em animais com maior EGS (classe EGS-6), comparativamente a animais com menor EGS (classe EGS-3), o que sugere possível problema de maciez em animais de carcaça mais magra. A observação de maior concentração de ácidos graxos insaturados em animais com maior EGS sugere aumento da percepção sensorial da carne, especialmente do sabor...(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/classification , Subcutaneous Fat/physiology , Meat , Growth and Development
6.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 72(4): 341-348, 2015.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466822

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of backfat thickness (BFT) on the meat quality of feedlot-finished Nellore bulls (Bos indicus). Seventy-two animals were feedlot finished for about 100 days. For this study, 24 animals were sampled according to BFT in the longissimus thoracis muscle after slaughter: 12 animals with BFT up to 3.0 mm (class BFT-3) and 12 animals with BFT > 6.0 mm (class BFT-6). Chemical (myofibrillar fragmentation index, intramuscular fat content, and unsaturated and saturated fatty acids) and physical (cold carcass weight, rib eye area, and marbling score) characteristics of the meat were evaluated. Additionally, shear force and sensory characteristics (aroma, flavor, tenderness, chewiness, and juiciness) were analyzed. Marbling score and intramuscular fat content were considered low for the two BFT classes. The mean values of the characteristics studied did not differ (P>0.05) between BFT classes, except for fatty acids, with the observation of higher unsaturated fatty acid levels in the BFT-6 class. There was no difference (P>0.05) in sensory characteristics between BFT classes. The most consistent relationship was observed between the myofibrillar fragmentation index and tenderness, measured as shear force, in animals with greater BFT (BFT-6 class) compared to animals with lower BFT (BFT-3 class), suggesting possible tenderness problems in animals with a leaner carcass. The observation of a higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in animals with greater BFT suggests an increase in the sensory perception of meat, especially flavor...


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) na qualidade da carne de bovinos machos Nelore (Bos indicus), inteiros, terminados em confinamento. Setenta e dois animais foram terminados em confinamento por cerca de 100 dias. Para o presente estudo, 24 animais foram amostrados de acordo com a EGS obtida no longissimus thoracis, após o abate: 12 animais com EGS até 3,0 mm (classe EGS-3) e 12 animais com EGS maior que 6,0 mm (classe EGS-6). Foram avaliadas características químicas da carne (índice de fragmentação miofibrilar, conteúdo de lipídeos intramusculares e ácidos graxos insaturados e saturados), e características físicas da carcaça (peso da carcaça resfriada, área de olho de lombo e escore de marmorização). Adicionalmente, foram avaliadas em amostras maturadas por 21 dias, a força de cisalhamento e características sensoriais (aroma, sabor, maciez, mastigabilidade e suculência). Os valores de escore de marmorização e de conteúdo de lipídeos intramusculares foram considerados baixos para ambas as classes de EGS. As médias das características avaliadas não diferiram (P>0,05) entre as classes de EGS, com exceção dos ácidos graxos, que foi superior para o insaturado na classe EGS-6. As características sensoriais não diferiram (P>0,05) entre as classes de EGS. Foi verificado relação mais consistente entre índice de fragmentação miofibrilar e maciez, medida pela força de cisalhamento, em animais com maior EGS (classe EGS-6), comparativamente a animais com menor EGS (classe EGS-3), o que sugere possível problema de maciez em animais de carcaça mais magra. A observação de maior concentração de ácidos graxos insaturados em animais com maior EGS sugere aumento da percepção sensorial da carne, especialmente do sabor...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/classification , Meat , Subcutaneous Fat/physiology , Growth and Development
7.
Hippocampus ; 24(4): 415-23, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24339278

ABSTRACT

Neonatal noxious stimulation has been proposed to model pain triggered by diagnostic/therapeutic invasive procedures in premature infants. Previous studies have shown that hippocampal neurogenesis rate and the behavioral repertoire of adult rats may be altered by neonatal noxious stimuli. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether noxious stimulation during neonatal period alters the nociceptive response and dentate gyrus neurogenesis when compared to rats subjected to a single noxious stimulus in late infancy. Plasma corticosterone and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was evaluated in adolescent rats (postnatal day 40; P40) exposed twice to intra-plantar injections of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) on P1 and P21 (group P1P21) or P8 and P21 (P8P21) or exposed once on P21 (pubertal). On P21, one subset of animals received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and was euthanized on P40 for identification of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus. Another subset was sampled for thermal response or plasma corticosterone measurement and hippocampal BDNF levels. Proliferative cell rate in dentate gyrus was the highest in all re-exposed groups (P < 0.001), except for P8 females (P8P21F), revealing also a sex difference, where P8P21 males showed higher rate than females (P < 0.001). Stimulated groups took longer than CTL animals to lick the paws (P < 0.001), regardless of the age when the noxious stimulus was applied. Re-exposed groups had lower corticosterone plasma level (P1P21 M and F, P8P21M) than controls. On the contrary, hippocampal BDNF was increased in males from both re-exposed groups. These results show that infant noxious stimulation in neonatally previously stimulated rats is related to high proliferation in the DG and this association seems to be modified by the animal's sex. The new generated dentate granule cells in the hippocampus may have a role in the long-term behavioral responses to neonatal nociceptive stimulation. Noxious stimulation in the neonatal period results in sex-dependent neurogenic response.


Subject(s)
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Dentate Gyrus/physiology , Hippocampus/physiology , Neurogenesis/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Nociception/physiology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Corticosterone/blood , Dentate Gyrus/growth & development , Female , Freund's Adjuvant , Hippocampus/growth & development , Male , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sex Factors
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