Nanoparticle elicitation: A promising strategy to modulate the production of bioactive compounds in hairy roots.

Hairy root culture is one of the promising biotechnological tools to obtain the stable and sustainable production of specialized metabolites from plants under controlled environment conditions. Various strategies have been adopted to enhance the accumulation of bioactive compounds in hairy roots yet their utilization at the commercial scale is restricted to only a few products. Recently, nanotechnology has been emerged as an active technique that has revolutionized the many sectors in an advantageous way. Elicitation using nanoparticles has been recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing the bioactive compounds of interest in plants. Nanoparticles elicit the activity of defense-related compounds through activation of the specific transcription factors involved in specialized metabolites production. This review discusses the recent progress in using nanoparticles to enhance specialized metabolite biosynthesis using hairy root culture system and the significant achievements in this area of research. Biotic and abiotic elicitors to improve the production of bioactive compounds in hairy roots, different types of nanoparticles as eliciting agents, their properties as dependent on shape, most widely used nanoparticles in plant hairy root systems are described in detail. Further challenges involved in application of nanoparticles, their toxicity in plant cells and risks associated to human health are also envisaged. No doubt, nanoparticle elicitation is a remarkable approach to obtain phytochemicals from hairy roots to be utilized in various sectors including food, medicines, cosmetics or agriculture but it is quite essential to understand the inter-relationships between the nanoparticles and the plant systems in terms of specifics such as type, dosage and time of exposure as well as other important parameters.

Phytometabolites as modulators of breast cancer: a comprehensive review of mechanistic insights.

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly debilitating malignancy affecting females globally and imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems in both developed and developing nations. Despite the application of conventional therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal intervention, BC frequently exhibits resistance, necessitating the urgent development of novel, cost-effective, and accessible treatment strategies. In this context, there is a growing scientific interest in exploring the pharmacological potential of chemical compounds derived from botanical sources, which often exhibit notable biological activity. Extensive in vitro and in vivo investigations have revealed the capacity of these compounds, referred to as phytochemicals, to attenuate the metastatic cascade and reduce the risk of cancer dissemination. These phytochemicals exert their effects through modulation of key molecular and metabolic processes, including regulation of the cell cycle, induction of apoptotic cell death, inhibition of angiogenesis, and suppression of metastatic progression. To shed light on the latest advancements in this field, a comprehensive review of the scientific literature has been conducted, focusing on secondary metabolite agents that have recently been investigated and have demonstrated promising anticancer properties. This review aims to delineate their underlying mechanisms of action and elucidate the associated signaling pathways, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of their therapeutic potential in the context of BC management.

The Curie temperature: a key playmaker in self-regulated temperature hyperthermia.

The Curie temperature is an important thermo-characteristic of magnetic materials, which causes a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic by changing the spontaneous re-arrangement of their spins (intrinsic magnetic mechanism) due to an increase in temperature. The self-control-temperature (SCT) leads to the conversion of ferro/ferrimagnetic materials to paramagnetic materials, which can extend the temperature-based applications of these materials from industrial nanotechnology to the biomedical field. In this case, magnetic induction hyperthermia (MIH) with self-control-temperature has been proposed as a physical thermo-therapeutic method for killing cancer tumors in a biologically safe environment. Specifically, the thermal source of MIH is magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and thus their biocompatibility and Curie temperature are two important properties, where the former is required for their clinical application, while the latter acts as a switch to automatically control the temperature of MIH. In this review, we focus on the Curie temperature of magnetic materials and provide a complete overview beginning with basic magnetism and its inevitable relation with Curie's law, theoretical prediction and experimental measurement of the Curie temperature. Furthermore, we discuss the significance, evolution from different types of alloys to ferrites and impact of the shape, size, and concentration of particles on the Curie temperature considering the proposed SCT-based MIH together with their biocompatibility. Also, we highlight the thermal efficiency of MNPs in destroying tumor cells and the significance of a low Curie temperature. Finally, the challenges, concluding remarks, and future perspectives in promoting self-control-temperature based MIH to clinical application are discussed.

What matters to you? Engaging with children in the James Lind Alliance Children's Cancer Priority Setting Partnership.

BACKGROUND: Previous priority setting exercises have sought to involve children, but in the final reporting, it is evident that few children had been engaged through the process. A primary aim in the Children's Cancer Priority Setting Partnership was to find out from children what they want research to focus on. We report on our experience to inform methods of engagement with children in future James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnerships and similar exercises. METHODS: We followed the James Lind Alliance process, collecting and shortlisting questions via online surveys with adult survivors of childhood cancer, carers, and professionals, and holding a final workshop. Alongside this, a parallel process to collect and prioritise questions from children was undertaken. We created animations for parents/carers to explain the project and surveys to children, gathered questions via online surveys and held a workshop with children to identify their priorities. RESULTS: Sixty-one children and young people with cancer and 10 siblings, aged 3-21 years, submitted 252 potential questions/topics via the surveys. Submissions were refined into 24 summary questions. These questions were discussed at a workshop with eight children; they also added more questions on topics of importance to them. Workshop participants prioritised the Top 5 questions; top priority was, 'How can we make being in hospital a better experience for children and young people? (like having better food, internet, toys, and open visiting so other family members can be more involved in the child's care)'. The Top 5 also included cancer prevention, treatments closer to home, early diagnosis, and emotional support. These questions were taken to the final workshop at which the Top 10 priorities were decided, all five children's priorities were reflected in the final Top 10. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that it is possible to successfully involve children directly in setting priorities for future research. Future priority setting exercises on topics relevant to children, should seek to include their views. The Children's Cancer Top 10 priorities reflect the voices of children and should inform the funding of future research.

Priority Setting Partnerships find out what areas of research are important to patients, families, and the professionals who care for them. Few Priority Setting Partnerships have involved children, so what matters to them may not have been well-represented. The Children's Cancer Priority Setting Partnership aimed to find out directly from children what research we should do. We collected questions/topics for research from children using online surveys. We made animations to explain the project and surveys to children. Two-hundred and fifty-two questions were sent in by 61 children and young people with cancer and 10 siblings. We grouped similar questions together into 24 summary questions. Summary questions were discussed at a workshop with eight children. Workshop participants added more questions on topics that mattered to them, and decided their Top 5 questions. The top question was, 'How can we make being in hospital a better experience for children and young people? (like having better food, internet, toys, and open visiting so other family members can be more involved in the child's care)'. The Top 5 questions included: preventing cancer, having treatments nearer home, early diagnosis, and emotional support. These questions were taken to the final project workshop, this was with adults, including childhood cancer survivors, where the Top 10 priorities were decided. All five children's priorities were included in the Top 10. We have shown it is possible to successfully involve children in setting research priorities. Future priority setting exercises on topics that affect children should actively seek and include their views.

Research priorities for children's cancer: a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership in the UK.

OBJECTIVES: To engage children who have experienced cancer, childhood cancer survivors, their families and professionals to systematically identify and prioritise research questions about childhood cancer to inform the future research agenda. DESIGN: James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. SETTING: UK health service and community. METHODS: A steering group oversaw the initiative. Potential research questions were collected in an online survey, then checked to ensure they were unanswered. Shortlisting via a second online survey identified the highest priority questions. A parallel process with children was undertaken. A final consensus workshop was held to determine the Top 10 priorities. PARTICIPANTS: Children and survivors of childhood cancer, diagnosed before age 16, their families, friends and professionals who work with this population. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty-eight people submitted 1299 potential questions. These were refined into 108 unique questions; 4 were already answered and 3 were under active study, therefore, removed. Three hundred and twenty-seven respondents completed the shortlisting survey. Seventy-one children submitted questions in the children's surveys, eight children attended a workshop to prioritise these questions. The Top 5 questions from children were taken to the final workshop where 23 questions in total were discussed by 25 participants (young adults, carers and professionals). The top priority was 'can we find effective and kinder (less burdensome, more tolerable, with fewer short and long-term effects) treatments for children with cancer, including relapsed cancer?' CONCLUSIONS: We have identified research priorities for children's cancer from the perspectives of children, survivors, their families and the professionals who care for them. Questions reflect the breadth of the cancer experience, including diagnosis, relapse, hospital experience, support during/after treatment and the long-term impact of cancer. These should inform funding of future research as they are the questions that matter most to the people who could benefit from research.

Efficacy of Artificial Oocyte Activation in Improving the Reproductive Outcome in Poor Responders: A Single Centre Cohort Study.

Objective: Achieving pregnancy in poor ovarian response patients is a challenge. Failed fertilization after ICSI, despite normal semen parameters is due to defects in oocyte activation. In-vitro activation of oocytes using Ca+2 agents can be useful in increasing the fertilization rates in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of artificial oocyte activation by calcium ionophores in poor responders in improving fertilization, cleavage, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, cohort study conducted on 120 patients having poor ovarian response, (POSEIDON criteria) undergoing in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment at Southend Fertility and IVF, New Delhi from 1st August 2019 to 31st March 2020. Exclusion criterion was patients with partners with abnormal semen parameters. After OPU patients were randomized into two groups, study group (n=50) underwent ICSI-AOA (ICSI followed by artificial oocyte activation) using calcium ionophore- GM508 Cult-Active Solution) while the controls (n=57) were subjected to ICSI only. Results: Comparison of ICSI-AOA and ICSI groups showed: (i) number of fertilized oocytes - 2.42 vs. 2.16, p = 0.049 (ii) No. of cleavage stage embryos 2.32 vs. 1.96, p = 0.008 (iii) No. of grade A embryos 1.52 vs. 1.04, p = 0.009 (iv) fertilization rate - 89.00% vs. 83.04%, p = 0.093 (v) cleavage rate - 96.33% vs. 92.55%, p = 0.165 (vi) implantation rate - 27.14% vs. 11.74%, p = 0.098 (vii) clinical pregnancy rate - 34.3% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.167. Conclusion: The number of fertilized oocytes, grade A embryos and cleavage stage embryos formed after ICSI-AOA were statistically significantly more than ICSI. ICSI-AOA has not shown improvement in fertilization, cleavage, implantation and clinical pregnancy rate. From the present study the conclusive evidence cannot be drawn due to small sample size hence further studies are needed on a larger population.

Natural Plant-Derived Compounds in Food and Cosmetics: A Paradigm of Shikonin and Its Derivatives.

Shikonin and its derivatives are the natural naphthoquinone compounds produced in the roots of the Boraginaceae family. These red pigments have been used for a long time in coloring silk, as food colorants, and in the Chinese traditional system of medicines The resurgence of public interest in natural and plant-based products has led to this category of compounds being in high demand due to their wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory ones. Different researchers worldwide have reported various applications of shikonin derivatives in the area of pharmacology. Nevertheless, the use of these compounds in the food and cosmetics fields needs to be explored more in order to make them available for commercial utilization in various food industries as a packaging material and to enhance their shelf life without any side effects. Similarly, the antioxidant properties and skin whitening effects of these bioactive molecules may be used successfully in various cosmetic formulations. The present review delves into the updated knowledge on the various properties of shikonin derivatives in relation to food and cosmetics. The pharmacological effects of these bioactive compounds are also highlighted. Based on various studies, it can be concluded that these natural bioactive molecules have potential to be used in different sectors, including functional food, food additives, skin, health care, and to cure various diseases. Further research is required for the sustainable production of these compounds with minimum disturbances to the environment and in order to make them available in the market at an economic price. Simultaneous studies utilizing recent techniques in computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and artificial intelligence in laboratory and clinical trials would further help in making these potential candidates promising alternative natural bioactive therapeutics with multiple uses.

Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.) Root Extracellular Trap, Structural and Molecular Remodeling in Response to Osmotic Stress.

The root extracellular trap (RET) consists of root-associated, cap-derived cells (root AC-DCs) and their mucilaginous secretions, and forms a structure around the root tip that protects against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is little information concerning the changes undergone by the RET during droughts, especially for tree species. Morphological and immunocytochemical approaches were used to study the RET of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seedlings grown in vitro under optimal conditions (on agar-gelled medium) or when polyethylene glycol-mediated (PEG6000-infused agar-gelled medium) was used to mimic drought conditions through osmotic stress. Under optimal conditions, the root cap released three populations of individual AC-DC morphotypes, with a very low proportion of spherical morphotypes, and equivalent proportions of intermediate and elongated morphotypes. Immunolabeling experiments using anti-glycan antibodies specific to cell wall polysaccharide and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) epitopes revealed the presence of homogalacturonan (HG), galactan chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), and AGPs in root AC-DC cell walls. The data also showed the presence of xylogalacturonan (XGA), xylan, AGPs, and low levels of arabinans in the mucilage. The findings also showed that under osmotic stress conditions, both the number of AC-DCs (spherical and intermediate morphotypes) and the total quantity of mucilage per root tip increased, whereas the mucilage was devoid of the epitopes associated with the polysaccharides RG-I, XGA, xylan, and AGPs. Osmotic stress also led to reduced root growth and increased root expression of the P5CS2 gene, which is involved in proline biosynthesis and cellular osmolarity maintenance (or preservation) in aerial parts. Together, our findings show that the RET is a dynamic structure that undergoes pronounced structural and molecular remodeling, which might contribute to the survival of the root tip under osmotic conditions.

Cardiovascular and Osteoporosis Protection at Menopause with Lycopene: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: The effect of lycopene (LycoRed) supplementation was evaluated in healthy postmenopausal women by biochemical markers for cardiovascular protection and osteoporosis protection. Study Settings and Design: This was a multi-centric placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial that screened 198 postmenopausal women at 21 centers across 12 cities in India. Levels of lycopene, lipid profile, high-risk C-reactive protein, and bone turnover markers: amino-terminal propeptide of Type I collagen (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen (ß-CTx) were measured at baseline and 6 months postsupplementation with LycoRed or placebo. Interventions: The study was completed with 57 of the 100 women on LycoRed 8 mg (antioxidant potency is equivalent to 24 mg of lycopene) and 43 placebos for 6 months by randomization. Main Outcome Measures: Rise in serum lycopene and effect of serum lycopene on surrogate markers of cardiovascular health and bone health. Results: LycoRed supplementation increases lycopene levels and P1NP and nonsignificant fall in ß-CTx levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Lycopene supplementation in Indian menopausal women may confer protection from osteoporosis as shown by the directional change in the surrogate biochemical markers. This study can form a basis for larger studies with different doses to understand the effect of lycopene to prevent and act as adjuvant treatment on clinical endpoints for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone health.

MOTHER Study: A Multicenter Observational, Retrospective Study to Determine Coorelation Between Physical CHaracteristics and Ovarian REserve Markers in Sub-feRtile Women.

BACKGROUND: The physical characteristics which are known to affect the ovarian reserve are age, body mass index (BMI), occupational exposures, age at menarche and menstrual cycle length. A correlation between different physical characteristics and the ovarian reserve will help to identify areas which need to be tackled to increase the chances of fertility of women in India. METHODS: In this retrospective, observational study, namely the MOTHER Study, data of women between 18 and 45 years of age, attending the selected fertility centers across different states in India were taken for evaluation. Demographic information along with information on factors potentially related to fertility like age of menarche, menstrual cycle length and occupational factors were collected by review of medical records at screening visit. Most recent AMH assay and antral follicle count (AFC) where the subject has not taken any contraceptives 12 months prior to the test were collected. RESULTS: Age of woman, years of marriage, years of infertility and smoking have shown effect on ovarian reserve testing like AMH and AFC. The other physical characteristics which were evaluated and considered to affect the ovarian reserve like body mass index BMI, occupational exposures, age at menarche and menstrual cycle length have not shown statistically significant correlation. CONCLUSION: Age of woman and years of infertility are inversely proportional to ovarian reserve markers, namely AMH and AFC. Addictions like smoking and alcohol affect ovarian reserve.

Reporting the whole story: Analysis of the 'out-of-scope' questions from the James Lind Alliance Teenage and Young Adult Cancer Priority Setting Partnership Survey.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a UK-wide survey to identify the top 10 research questions for young people's cancer. We conducted secondary analysis of questions submitted, which were 'out-of-scope' of the original survey aim. We sought to disseminate these questions, to inform practice, policy and the development of potential interventions to support young people with cancer. DESIGN: James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. PARTICIPANTS: Young people aged 13-24 with a current/previous cancer diagnosis, their families/friends/partners and professionals who work with this population. METHODS: Eight hundred and fifty-five potential research questions were submitted, and 326 were classified as 'out-of-scope'. These questions, along with 49 'free-text' comments, were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The 375 out-of-scope questions and comments were submitted by: 68 young people, 81 family members/partners/friends and 42 professionals. Ten overarching themes were identified: diagnostic experience; communication; coordination of care; information needs and lack of information; service provision; long-term effects and aftercare support; family support; financial impact; end-of life care; and research methods and current research. CONCLUSIONS: The need to tailor services, information and communication is a striking thread evidenced across the 'out-of-scope' questions. Gaps in information highlight implications for practice in revisiting information needs throughout the cancer trajectory. We must advocate for specialist care for young people and promote the research priorities and these findings to funding bodies, charities, young people and health and social care policymakers, in order to generate an evidence base to inform effective interventions across the cancer trajectory and improve outcomes. PATIENT/PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS: Patients and carers were equal stakeholders throughout.

A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-Cov.

The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the more general global increase in viral diseases, has led researchers to look to the plant kingdom as a potential source for antiviral compounds. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been extensively applied in the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases in different traditional systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential antiviral activity of plant compounds as effective and reliable agents against viral infections, especially by viruses from the coronavirus group. Various antiviral mechanisms shown by crude plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds are discussed. The understanding of the action mechanisms of complex plant extract and isolated plant-derived compounds will help pave the way towards the combat of this life-threatening disease. Further, molecular docking studies, in silico analyses of extracted compounds, and future prospects are included. The in vitro production of antiviral chemical compounds from plants using molecular pharming is also considered. Notably, hairy root cultures represent a promising and sustainable way to obtain a range of biologically active compounds that may be applied in the development of novel antiviral agents.

Meta-analysis of Usefulness of Phrenic Nerve Stimulation in Central Sleep Apnea.

Transvenous neurostimulation of the phrenic nerve (PNS) is a potentially improved and unique approach to the treatment of central sleep apnea (CSA). There have been multiple studies with limited individuals evaluating the efficacy of PNS. Our aim was to review and pool those studies to better understand whether phrenic nerve stimulation is efficacious in the treatment of CSA. The initial search on Pubmed retrieved a total of 97 articles and after screening all articles, only 5 could be included in our quantitative analysis. Pooling of data from 5 studies with a total of 204 patients demonstrated a reduction of mean apnea hypopnea index with PNS compared to controls by -26.7 events/hour with 95% confidence interval and P value of [CI (-31.99, -21.46), I2 85, p 0.00]. The mean difference in central apnea index was -22.47 [CI (-25.19, -19.76), I2 0, p 0.00]. The mean reduction in the oxygen desaturation index of 4% or more demonstrated a decrease in PNS group by -24.16 events/hour [(CI -26.20, -22.12), I2 0, p 0.00] compared with controls. PNS resulted in mean reduction in arousal index of -13.77 [CI (-16.15, -11.40), I2 0, p 0.00]. The mean change in percent of time spent in rapid eye movement sleep demonstrated a nonsignificant increase in PNS group by 1.01 % [CI (-5.67, 7.86), I293, p 0.75]. In conclusion, PNS therapy for treating CSA demonstrated positive outcomes but larger randomized studies are needed to evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes.

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia vulgaris L. Cultivated in Brazil.

Essential oil from the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Compositae) cultivated in Brazil was investigated for its chemical composition and biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic. The constituents of essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation were examined by GC-MS and a total of 18 components were identified. The essential oil was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (44.4%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (33.3%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (16.6%). Caryophyllene (37.45%), germacrene D (16.17%), and humulene (13.66%) were the major components. The essential oils from A. vulgaris showed bactericidal and fungicidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively. Anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus was absent in this essential oil. Altogether above results indicate that essential oils from A. vulgaris can be used for various medicinal purposes.

Percutaneous left ventricular assist device support during ablation of ventricular tachycardia: A meta-analysis of current evidence.

INTRODUCTION: Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) can be an effective therapy to reduce VT burden, but often it is limited by the potential for hemodynamic instability. Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVADs) have been used to maintain hemodynamic support during VT ablation but the evidence regarding its clinical impact has been inconclusive. METHODS AND RESULTS: We sought to assess the clinical impact of pLVAD when used in VT ablation by conducting a meta-analysis of the current evidence. We searched Pubmed and found nine observational studies that compared clinical outcomes of VT ablation in patients with pLVAD support to controls with no pLVAD support. The pooled data did not show a significant difference in mortality between both groups, nor a difference in acute procedural success or in recurrence of VT. There was also no difference in the number of patients receiving a cardiac transplant or being enrolled in the transplant list. Although there was no difference in the ablation time between the groups, patients in the pLVAD group had a longer total procedural time and more procedure-related adverse effects. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis did not show clinical benefits from using pLVAD support during VT ablation, whereas it was associated with longer procedure times and more complications. This study was, however, limited by the observational nature of the data. In view of these data, the risk and benefit of pLVAD support during VT ablation should be considered on an individual basis.

Towards a better understanding of Artemisia vulgaris: Botany, phytochemistry, pharmacological and biotechnological potential.

Artemisia vulgaris is one of the important medicinal plant species of the genus Artemisia, which is usually known for its volatile oils. The genus Artemisia has become the subject of great interest due to its chemical and biological diversity as well as the discovery and isolation of promising anti-malarial drug artemisinin. A. vulgaris has a long history in treatment of human ailments by medicinal plants in various parts of the world. This medicinal plant possesses a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties including: anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-oxidant, anti-tumoral, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anti-spasmodic and anti-septic. These activities are mainly attributed to the presence of various classes of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, acetylenes, phenolic acids, organic acids, mono- and sesquiterpenes. Studies related to A. vulgaris morphology, anatomy and phytochemistry has gained a significant interest for better understanding of production and accumulation of therapeutic compounds in this species. Recently, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations have corroborated the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds of A. vulgaris. These findings provided further evidence for gaining deeper insight into the identification and isolation of novel compounds, which act as alternative sources of anti-malarial drugs in a cost-effective manner. Considering the rising demand and various medical applications of A. vulgaris, this review highlights the recent reports on the chemistry, biological activities and biotechnological interventions for controlled and continuous production of bioactive compounds from this plant species.

Biological properties and pharmacological potential of plant exudates.

Exudates released from plants, consist of complex mixtures of organic and inorganic molecules that have been used in traditional medicine from several years. They may vary among genera, species or within a genus and mainly include latex, sap, gums, resins, seed or root exudates. Plant exudates are known to possess several biological activities including, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing and anti-nociceptive. Exudates oozed out from plants have also been used as ingredients in medicines, food, perfumes and cosmetics. The present review provides brief overview about the exudates released from plants, their biological properties and beneficial effects for human beings. Due to the presence of various compounds, different methodologies and procedures have been employed for their collection and analyses. Literature studies suggest that plant exudates have extensive therapeutic potential for curing diseases with minimal toxic effects. This aspect could be taken into account in prospective studies regarding the search of new products derived from plant exudates with pharmaceutical value.