ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor physiotherapy interventions for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library Registry and LILACS databases until October 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had physiotherapy interventions as primary outcome were included. There were no restrictions on the year of publication or language. Qualitative methodology was evaluated using the PEDro scale. RESULTS: After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality control, 6 randomized controlled trials were included in this systematic review. Methodological quality of trials varied from 5 to 8 (out of 10 possible points in PEDro scale score). Sample consisted of 715 subjects; mean age was between 51.6 and 66.3 years; SUI severity scale ranged from small to severe. Interventions were pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT); vaginal cone (VC); biofeedback (BF); electrical muscle stimulation (EMS); radiofrequency (RF) and electroacupuncture (EA). Pelvic floor physiotherapy was effective in all studies, however, meta-analysis was considered irrelevant due to the heterogeneity of the reported interventions. CONCLUSION: There is not a literature consensus about the most effective pelvic floor physiotherapy intervention applied to stress urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. It seems appropriate to state that further randomized controlled clinical trials should be done, due to the limited number of studies and heterogeneity of physiotherapeutic interventions applied to date. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO in the trial registration CRD42021255062.
Subject(s)
Urinary Incontinence, Stress , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/therapy , Pelvic Floor , Exercise Therapy/methods , Postmenopause , Physical Therapy Modalities , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar quais são as intervenções desenvolvidas pelo fisioterapeuta no tratamento conservador de incontinência urinária (IU) feminina na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Foram realizadas buscas de dados nas bases PubMed, PEDro, LILACS e SciELO usando os descritores: incontinência urinária, fisioterapia, cinesioterapia, treinamento muscular de assoalho pélvico (TMAP), Atenção Primária à Saúde e mulheres. Buscaram-se artigos sobre as intervenções fisioterapêuticas realizadas exclusivamente pelo profissional fisioterapeuta no tratamento de IU na atenção primária, disponíveis na íntegra, sem restrição de ano de publicação ou tipo de estudo, restrita a estudos brasileiros publicados em português ou inglês. Foram analisados quatro artigos. As atividades desenvolvidas foram tanto individuais como coletivas, sendo unânime a realização de TMAP. Todos os resultados indicaram melhora: perda urinária, frequência e qualidade de vida. Independentemente das limitações, tamanho das amostras e características dos artigos, a atuação da fisioterapia no tratamento de IU na Atenção Básica ainda está em construção. Conclui-se que é necessária a atuação do fisioterapeuta no tratamento de IU na APS, tendo em vista que ele é o profissional capacitado para atuar no tratamento de primeira linha dessa disfunção, podendo inclusive ser o primeiro contato do paciente na atenção primária.
This study aimed to verify which are the interventions developed by the physical therapist in the conservative treatment of female urinary incontinence (UI) in primary health care (PHC). Searches were carried out in databases PubMed, PEDro, LILACS, and SciELO with the descriptors: urinary incontinence, physical therapy, kinesiotherapy, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), primary health care, and women. Articles on physical therapy interventions performed exclusively by physical therapists in the treatment of UI in primary care available in full were searched, without restriction of year of publication or type of study, restricted to Brazilian studies published in Portuguese or English. Four articles were analyzed. The activities carried out were both individual and collective, with the performance of PFMT being unanimous. All results showed improvement: urinary loss, frequency, and quality of life. Regardless of the limitations, sample size and the characteristics of the articles, the physical therapy performance in UI treatment in primary care is still under construction. We conclude the physical therapist performance in treating UI in PHC is necessary, considering they are the professional qualified to act in the first-line treatment of this dysfunction and may even be the patient's first contact in primary care.
El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar cuáles son las intervenciones desarrolladas por el fisioterapeuta en el tratamiento conservador de la incontinencia urinaria (IU) femenina en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Se realizó búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, PEDro, LILACS y SciELO utilizando los descriptores: incontinencia urinaria, fisioterapia, kinesioterapia, musculación del suelo pélvico (MSP), Atención Primaria de Salud y mujeres. Se buscaron artículos sobre intervenciones de fisioterapia realizadas exclusivamente por fisioterapeutas en el tratamiento de la IU en la atención primaria, disponibles en su totalidad, sin restricción de año de publicación o tipo de estudio, restringidos a estudios brasileños publicados en portugués o inglés. Se analizaron cuatro artículos. Las actividades realizadas fueron tanto individuales como colectivas, siendo unánime la realización del MSP. Todos los resultados señalaron una mejoría: pérdidas urinarias, frecuencia y calidad de vida. Independientemente de las limitaciones, el tamaño de la muestra y las características de los artículos, el papel de la fisioterapia en el tratamiento de la IU en Atención Primaria aún está en construcción. Se concluye que es necesario que el fisioterapeuta actúe en el tratamiento de la IU en APS, ya que este profesional está capacitado para actuar en el tratamiento de primera línea de esta disfunción, pudiendo incluso ser el primer contacto del paciente en atención primaria.
