[The physiological effects of the voluntary control of respiration in children and adolescents]. / Fiziologicheskie éffekty proizvol'nogo upravleniia dykhaniem u detei i podrostkov.

The information about the peculiarities of the forming the voluntary control of respiration in age aspects is produced in this article. It is shown, that the respiratory tests: voluntary hyperventilation and voluntary breath holding may be the convenient model for researching this problem. The irregular in the ontogenesis forming of the reactions of main physiological systems of the organism on the voluntary hyperventilation is revealed. The phase analysis of the duration of voluntary breath holding showed, that the volitional control of respiration begins to realize at 12 years old. The dynamics of the indexes of cardio-vascular system and CNS indicates of the high reactivity of vegetative nervous system of adolescents and of more distinct alterations in functional state of CNS in children in comparison with adults during voluntary breath holding. The sex distinctions in the mechanism of synchronization the internal rhythmic processes during the voluntary breath holding, especially in adolescents are revealed.

[The participation of the respiration in the rhythmic interactions in the body]. / Uchastie dykhaniia v ritmicheskikh vzaimodeistviiakh v organizme.

The review of the modern notions about the rhythmic interaction of the respiration, cardiovascular system and CNS is produced in this article. The own data of the authors dedicated to individual, sex and age manifestations of this interaction during the voluntary control of respiration are used. The possible mechanisms of the connection of respiratory rhythms with rhythmic processes of cardiovascular system and CNS are discussed.

[The individual manifestations of respiratory rhythms]. / Indivudual'nye proiavleniia dykhatel'noi ritmiki.

The information about the individual peculiarities of the respiratory rhythmics of health people is produced in this article. It is shown, that the functional tests: voluntary hyperventilation, hypoxic hypoxia, their combined influence and natural sleep in normal and hypoxic conditions may be the convenient models for researching this problem. The dependence of the respiratory responses on the individual type of respiration in normal conditions is revealed. The authors concluded that not only the character of normal breathing but also the reactions on functional tests should be taken into account during the prognosis of alterations of the respiratory rhythmics in various conditions.

[The problem of adaptation to space flight]. / Problema adaptatsii k kosmicheskomu poletu.

The presented paper is the review of the theoretical aspects of adaptation as applied to the factors of space flight. The aspects which are used in the professional selection and in the training of cosmonauts are discussed. The theoretical basis of the methods for diagnostics of functional states of the body and for increase of the reserve abilities of cosmonauts is studied. The authors suggest the working of the problem of adaptation to more complicated space flights including interplanetary travels is in sight. The authors conclude that at the present creation of the general conception of adaptation to space flight as to the complex of extreme factors is necessary.

[The voluntary control of breathing under high-altitude hypoxia]. / O proizvol'nom upravlenii dykhaniem v usloviiakh vysotnoi gipoksii.

The effect of voluntary breathing (hyperventilation or breath holding) on the cardio-vascular system and the CNS in hypoxic conditions revealed a phasic dynamics of adaptation to hypoxia and intensification of cardio-vascular function on 6000 m. The mechanisms of the responses are discussed.

[Oxygen consumption as an indicator of the adaptation of animals to altitude hypoxia]. / Potreblenie kisloroda kak pokazatel' adaptatsii zhivotnykh k vysotnoi gipoksii.

Altitude chamber experiments have shown that the quantity of oxygen consumption in the posthypoxic period as an index of adaptation to hypoxia is of a low informative value: during the normal course of adaptation, oxygen consumption changes insignificantly or decreases slightly; it increases somewhat if the hypoxic atmosphere contains CO2 (pCO2 = 19 - 27 mm Hg) and declines significantly (by 22.6%) only if adaptation is disordered. At the same time oxygen consumption can be a highly informative index, characterizing the efficiency of adaptation to hypoxia only if it is measured immediately after exposure to acute hypoxia. In this experimental design the magnitude of oxygen consumption increases with increasing oxygen debt which, as follows from our experiments, shows the degree of conditioning to altitude hypoxia.

[Effectiveness of training animals to adapt to hypoxia during sleep]. / Effektivnost' trenirovki zhivotnykh k gipoksii vo vremia sna.

In sleeping animals (sleep induced by the drugs aminasine and elenium) step-by-step training for 13 days (6 hours daily) in an altitude chamber produces a number of adaptive changes--hemopoiesis stimulation, slower weight gain, increased adrenal weight and, this being most important, elevated altitude tolerance. It is concluded that the state of drug-induced sleep can be well used to train for altitude hypoxia.

[Rare cases of severe heart rhythm disturbances during the hypoxic function test]. / O redkikh sluchaiakh tiazhelykh narushenii ritma serdtsa pri gipoksicheskoi funktsional'noi probe.

Cases of severe rhythm disorders of cardiac activity--the syncope developing lasting up to 34 seconds, are described in practically healthy individuals undergoing the hypoxic functional test. It is concluded that the hypoxic functional tests require a specially trained physician who must not only stop the test, but also give the patient immediate aid.

[Effect of hypoxic training on fertility in white mice]. / Vliianie trenirovki k gipoksii na plodovitost' belykh myshei.

The purpose of the study was to investigate a prolonged effect of hypoxia on the reproductive function and development of pups of white mice. Beginning with the age of 2 months the animals were exposed to an altitude of 5500 m for 6 hours a day during 9 months. The mice that were so adapted to and mated in hypoxia did not deliver any offspring. The animals that were adapted to hypoxia during intrauterine and postnatal development and mated at 5500 m delivered normal although much smaller litters.