ABSTRACT
The article is a critical review of the main stages of the development of sports psychology in Russia and the rationale for new ways, new approaches for the psychological support of athletes. Also in this article a new paradigm of sports psychol¬ogy is proposed. The essence of this approach consists in the transition from the process of correction and regulation of the athlete's mental states to the formation of psychological entities that can provide a state of confidence and stability in the process of the athlete's performance in competitions. In this regard, the key tasks of sports psychology should be the study of the possibility of forming the basic personal attitudes and characteristics of the athletes at each stage of the sports career, which include viability, initiative, confidence, self-control, self-regulation. In addition, the important direction of work should be the creation and development psychological techniques that deter¬mine the formation of basic attitudes and personal characteristics of the athlete, the definition of the role and place of the coach, psychologist, as well as of the athlete himself in the formation of the subject of sports activities. The article notes that the new paradigm of the development of sports psychology does not exclude the existing approaches in sports psychology, but on the contrary relies on its achievements
El artículo es una revisión crítica de las principales etapas del desarrollo de la psicología del deporte en Rusia y la justificación de nuevas formas, nuevos enfoques para el apoyo psicológico de los atletas. También en este artículo se propone un nuevo paradigma de psicología del deporte. La esencia de este enfoque consiste en la transición del proceso de corrección y regulación de los estados mentales del atleta a la formación de entidades psicológicas que pueden proporcionar un estado de confianza y estabilidad en el proceso del desempeño del atleta en las competiciones. En este sentido, las tareas clave de la psicología del deporte deberían ser el estudio de la posibilidad de formar las actitudes y características personales básicas de los atletas en cada etapa de la carrera deportiva, que incluyen viabilidad, iniciativa, confianza, autocontrol, autocontrol regulación. Además, la dirección importante del trabajo debe ser la creación y el desarrollo de técnicas psicológicas que determinen la formación de actitudes básicas y características personales del atleta, la definición del papel y el lugar del entrenador, psicólogo, así como del propio atleta. en la formación del tema de actividades deportivas. El artículo señala que el nuevo paradigma del desarrollo de la psicología del deporte no excluye los enfoques existentes en la psicología del deporte, sino que, por el contrario, se basa en sus logros
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Sports/trendsABSTRACT
Hardiness is considered as one of the adaptation resources of personality to stressful situations, responsible for the mental health preservation. Adolescents as an age group is one of most susceptible to stress factors, so conducting research on the development of hardiness in adolescents becomes necessary. Due to difference in social conditions under which development of hardiness of adolescents takes place, the purpose of our research was to study the hardiness of adolescents included in different social groups: first group - athletes, students of sports schools, second - students of specialized schools for intellectually gifted individuals, third- students of regular schools. In total, 239 adolescents of 14-16 years old participated. The study revealed significant differences in the development of hardiness among all three groups of adolescents. The general and specific patterns of the development of hardiness components of adolescents in different social groups were identified. The article describes the main types of manifestation of hardiness and its components under different social conditions of activity and development in modern adolescents.
